Pub Date : 2022-06-17DOI: 10.30857/2786-5371.2022.3.1
Є. П. Сімончук, Олександр Леонідович Сокольський
Мета. Метою досліджень є аналіз критеріїв утворення ліній спаю та мінімізація їх утворення за допомогою підбору таких параметрів режиму лиття, як температура форми та температура розплаву. Методика. Для прогнозування утворення ліній спаю при литті полімерів під тиском розроблено комп’ютерну розрахункову модель і визначено діапазон температур розплаву та форми при яких лінія спаю для представленої деталі буде відсутня. За один із критеріїв утворення ліній спаю пропонується взяти кут зустрічі фронтів потоків розплаву, за інший критерій – температуру таких фронтів. За приклад деталі, отриманої методом лиття під тиском, було обрано виріб у формі лопатки, які застосовуються для випробувань на міцність. Перероблюваним матеріалом вибрано композицію полівінілхлориду. Результати. Для аналізу залежності лінію спаю від температури форми були проаналізовані числові дослідження таких параметрів, як кут зустрічі фронтів потоків та температура фронтів потоків при певних температурах форми. Підтверджено вплив температури розплаву на степінь утворення дефекту типу лінії спаю. Правильно підібрана температура форми та розплаву для полімерної деталі, що формується методом лиття під тиском, сприяє усуненню дефекту. Кут спаю набуває мінімального значення при температурі розплаву 210 ºC і температурі форми 55–65 ºC. Підвищення температури на лінії спаю прямо пропорційне підвищенню температури розплаву. Лінія спаю при температурі розплаву 185 ºC і нижче відсутня. Наукова новизна. Створено математичну модель неізотермічної течії ламінарних потоків неньютонівської рідини, яка описує процес заповнення прес-форми під час лиття під тиском. Підтверджено вплив температури розплаву на параметри лінії спаю. Оптимальна температура розплаву для усунення лінії спаю є 180–185 ºC, а температура форми 80 ºC. Практична значимість. Числове моделювання процесу утворення ліній спаю дозволяє підібрати температуру форми та розплаву, за рахунок чого буде мінімізований дефект готової деталі.
{"title":"ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ УТВОРЕННЯ ЛІНІЙ СПАЮ","authors":"Є. П. Сімончук, Олександр Леонідович Сокольський","doi":"10.30857/2786-5371.2022.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30857/2786-5371.2022.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Мета. Метою досліджень є аналіз критеріїв утворення ліній спаю та мінімізація їх утворення за допомогою підбору таких параметрів режиму лиття, як температура форми та температура розплаву. \u0000Методика. Для прогнозування утворення ліній спаю при литті полімерів під тиском розроблено комп’ютерну розрахункову модель і визначено діапазон температур розплаву та форми при яких лінія спаю для представленої деталі буде відсутня. За один із критеріїв утворення ліній спаю пропонується взяти кут зустрічі фронтів потоків розплаву, за інший критерій – температуру таких фронтів. За приклад деталі, отриманої методом лиття під тиском, було обрано виріб у формі лопатки, які застосовуються для випробувань на міцність. Перероблюваним матеріалом вибрано композицію полівінілхлориду. \u0000Результати. Для аналізу залежності лінію спаю від температури форми були проаналізовані числові дослідження таких параметрів, як кут зустрічі фронтів потоків та температура фронтів потоків при певних температурах форми. Підтверджено вплив температури розплаву на степінь утворення дефекту типу лінії спаю. Правильно підібрана температура форми та розплаву для полімерної деталі, що формується методом лиття під тиском, сприяє усуненню дефекту. Кут спаю набуває мінімального значення при температурі розплаву 210 ºC і температурі форми 55–65 ºC. Підвищення температури на лінії спаю прямо пропорційне підвищенню температури розплаву. Лінія спаю при температурі розплаву 185 ºC і нижче відсутня. \u0000Наукова новизна. Створено математичну модель неізотермічної течії ламінарних потоків неньютонівської рідини, яка описує процес заповнення прес-форми під час лиття під тиском. Підтверджено вплив температури розплаву на параметри лінії спаю. Оптимальна температура розплаву для усунення лінії спаю є 180–185 ºC, а температура форми 80 ºC. \u0000Практична значимість. Числове моделювання процесу утворення ліній спаю дозволяє підібрати температуру форми та розплаву, за рахунок чого буде мінімізований дефект готової деталі.","PeriodicalId":22554,"journal":{"name":"Technologies and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84668819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-17DOI: 10.30857/2786-5371.2022.1.3
А. Г. Галстян, Іван Задворних, Ольга Косенко
Мета. Вивчити кінетику реакції окиснення бензилідендіацетату озоном для з’ясування умов, за яких альдегід буде втрачати схильність до подальшого окиснення і перетворюватись у цільовий продукт. Методика. Кінетику окиснення бензилідендіацетату досліджували в реакторі типу «каталітична качка». Змішування газової і рідкої фаз у реакторі досягали за рахунок струшування його зі швидкістю 8 с-1, що дозволяло працювати в кінетичній області. Кінетику реакції вивчали, вимірюючи концентрацію озону в газовій фазі на вході і виході з реактора, яку регістрували автоматично з використанням спектрофотометричного методу в області поглинання 254–290 нм. Ідентифікацію продуктів окиснення і визначення їх вмісту в розчині здійснювали методом газової хроматографії на хроматографі з полум`яно-іонізаційним детектором. Аналіз проводили на колонці довжиною 2 м, заповненої носієм «Хроматон N-AW» з нанесеною на нього нерухомою фазою SE-30 у кількості 5% від маси носія. Температура у термостаті регулювалась по програмі 373–473 К за 10 хв. Швидкість газу – носія (азот 1,8); водню 1,8; повітря 18 л/год. В якості внутрішнього стандарту використовували 4-нітрохлорбензен. Результати. Досліджено кінетику та механізм рідиннофазного окиснення бензилідендіацетату озоном. Показано, що реакція перебігає за двома напрямками: за бічним ланцюгом з утворенням бензойної кислоти і бензеновим кільцем з подальшим руйнуванням ароматичної системи. При температурах до 283 К швидкість реакції озону з бензилідендіацетатом описується за кінетичним рівняння другого порядку, за яким озон витрачається за неланцюговим іоно-радикальним механізмом. При підвищених температурах стає помітним ланцюгове витрачання озону, пов’язане з його участю в реакції з продуктами термічного розкладу пероксидів. Стехіометричний коефіцієнт за озоном в реакції з бензилідендіацетатом мало залежить від співвідношення реагентів та температури і у діапазоні 278–323 К приблизно дорівнює 1,1. Наукова новизна. Показано, що при озонуванні толуену в присутності сульфатної кислоти ацетатний ангідрид є не тільки розчинником, але і запобігає подальшому окисненню бензальдегіду озоном за рахунок швидкого утворення стійкого до дії озону бензилідендіацетату. Встановлені нові кінетичні закономірності, які доповнюють існуючі уявлення про хімію і технологію окиснення аренів озоном у рідкій фазі. Практична значимість. Показана можливість зупинки окиснення толуену озоном на стадії утворення бензальдегіду. Отримані дані можуть стати основою для створення нової низькотемпературної технології синтезу бензальдегіду та його похідних.
{"title":"ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ РЕАКЦІЇ ОКИСНЕННЯ БЕНЗИЛІДЕНДІАЦЕТАТУ ОЗОНОМ У РОЗЧИНІ АЦЕТАТНОГО АНГІДРИДУ","authors":"А. Г. Галстян, Іван Задворних, Ольга Косенко","doi":"10.30857/2786-5371.2022.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30857/2786-5371.2022.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Мета. Вивчити кінетику реакції окиснення бензилідендіацетату озоном для з’ясування умов, за яких альдегід буде втрачати схильність до подальшого окиснення і перетворюватись у цільовий продукт. \u0000Методика. Кінетику окиснення бензилідендіацетату досліджували в реакторі типу «каталітична качка». Змішування газової і рідкої фаз у реакторі досягали за рахунок струшування його зі швидкістю 8 с-1, що дозволяло працювати в кінетичній області. Кінетику реакції вивчали, вимірюючи концентрацію озону в газовій фазі на вході і виході з реактора, яку регістрували автоматично з використанням спектрофотометричного методу в області поглинання 254–290 нм. Ідентифікацію продуктів окиснення і визначення їх вмісту в розчині здійснювали методом газової хроматографії на хроматографі з полум`яно-іонізаційним детектором. Аналіз проводили на колонці довжиною 2 м, заповненої носієм «Хроматон N-AW» з нанесеною на нього нерухомою фазою SE-30 у кількості 5% від маси носія. Температура у термостаті регулювалась по програмі 373–473 К за 10 хв. Швидкість газу – носія (азот 1,8); водню 1,8; повітря 18 л/год. В якості внутрішнього стандарту використовували 4-нітрохлорбензен. \u0000Результати. Досліджено кінетику та механізм рідиннофазного окиснення бензилідендіацетату озоном. Показано, що реакція перебігає за двома напрямками: за бічним ланцюгом з утворенням бензойної кислоти і бензеновим кільцем з подальшим руйнуванням ароматичної системи. При температурах до 283 К швидкість реакції озону з бензилідендіацетатом описується за кінетичним рівняння другого порядку, за яким озон витрачається за неланцюговим іоно-радикальним механізмом. При підвищених температурах стає помітним ланцюгове витрачання озону, пов’язане з його участю в реакції з продуктами термічного розкладу пероксидів. Стехіометричний коефіцієнт за озоном в реакції з бензилідендіацетатом мало залежить від співвідношення реагентів та температури і у діапазоні 278–323 К приблизно дорівнює 1,1. \u0000Наукова новизна. Показано, що при озонуванні толуену в присутності сульфатної кислоти ацетатний ангідрид є не тільки розчинником, але і запобігає подальшому окисненню бензальдегіду озоном за рахунок швидкого утворення стійкого до дії озону бензилідендіацетату. Встановлені нові кінетичні закономірності, які доповнюють існуючі уявлення про хімію і технологію окиснення аренів озоном у рідкій фазі. \u0000Практична значимість. Показана можливість зупинки окиснення толуену озоном на стадії утворення бензальдегіду. Отримані дані можуть стати основою для створення нової низькотемпературної технології синтезу бензальдегіду та його похідних.","PeriodicalId":22554,"journal":{"name":"Technologies and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77330844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.30857/2786-5371.2021.5.4
O. Oleksienko, Vita Popova
Purpose. Monitor different sources of water supply in a particular region of Ukraine. Methodogy. To monitor the drinking water of the selected settlement of Cherkasy region, water from the water supply network (10 samples), water from the pump room (1 sample) and water from wells (26 samples) were selected and analyzed for 20 main chemical indicators in accordance with the requirements of DSanPiN 2.2.4-171-10 and DSTU 7525: 2014. Findings. It was found that tap water has a slight excess of iron and turbidity in 5 samples. The water does not contain aluminum, ammonium ions, nitrates, nitrites, residual amounts of free and bound chlorine and chlorination by-products. The sample of water from the pump room has a slight excess of silicon and salts of general hardness – calcium and magnesium ions. Water from the pump room in chemical composition (pH, dry matter, alkalinity, chlorides, sulfates, sodium) and the content of microcomponents is very similar to tap water, it has a slightly higher "color" and "turbidity", but the content of petroleum products and iron does not exceed drinking standards. water – 0.1 mg / dm3 and 0.2 mg / dm3, respectively. In this case, well water is the most unsuitable for drinking purposes. It was found that the largest excess of normalized values in these waters was observed when determining the dry residue (up to 4 standards), hardness (up to 5 standards), nitrate concentration (up to 9 standards).Originality. Monitoring of drinking water in the selected settlement of Cherkasy region and the analysis of the suitability of tap water, pump room water and well water for drinking needs.Practical value. The peculiarities of the chemical composition of drinking water supply facilities of this settlement have been established, in particular, much attention is paid to the determination of microelements and persistent organic toxicants at the level of their maximum permissible concentrations. The analysis of the obtained results testifies that the quality of tap water and pump room meets the current hygienic standards in terms of organoleptic parameters, general mineralization, hardness, alkalinity, content of organic components, and water in almost all wells does not meet.
{"title":"ОЦІНКА ЯКОСТІ ПИТНИХ ВОД З РІЗНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ВОДОПОСТАЧАННЯ","authors":"O. Oleksienko, Vita Popova","doi":"10.30857/2786-5371.2021.5.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30857/2786-5371.2021.5.4","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Monitor different sources of water supply in a particular region of Ukraine. Methodogy. To monitor the drinking water of the selected settlement of Cherkasy region, water from the water supply network (10 samples), water from the pump room (1 sample) and water from wells (26 samples) were selected and analyzed for 20 main chemical indicators in accordance with the requirements of DSanPiN 2.2.4-171-10 and DSTU 7525: 2014. Findings. It was found that tap water has a slight excess of iron and turbidity in 5 samples. The water does not contain aluminum, ammonium ions, nitrates, nitrites, residual amounts of free and bound chlorine and chlorination by-products. The sample of water from the pump room has a slight excess of silicon and salts of general hardness – calcium and magnesium ions. Water from the pump room in chemical composition (pH, dry matter, alkalinity, chlorides, sulfates, sodium) and the content of microcomponents is very similar to tap water, it has a slightly higher \"color\" and \"turbidity\", but the content of petroleum products and iron does not exceed drinking standards. water – 0.1 mg / dm3 and 0.2 mg / dm3, respectively. In this case, well water is the most unsuitable for drinking purposes. It was found that the largest excess of normalized values in these waters was observed when determining the dry residue (up to 4 standards), hardness (up to 5 standards), nitrate concentration (up to 9 standards).Originality. Monitoring of drinking water in the selected settlement of Cherkasy region and the analysis of the suitability of tap water, pump room water and well water for drinking needs.Practical value. The peculiarities of the chemical composition of drinking water supply facilities of this settlement have been established, in particular, much attention is paid to the determination of microelements and persistent organic toxicants at the level of their maximum permissible concentrations. The analysis of the obtained results testifies that the quality of tap water and pump room meets the current hygienic standards in terms of organoleptic parameters, general mineralization, hardness, alkalinity, content of organic components, and water in almost all wells does not meet.","PeriodicalId":22554,"journal":{"name":"Technologies and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85006124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.30857/2786-5371.2021.5.2
Hongjuan Wang, Wei Hu, O. Saliy
Purpose. Study pore size effect and morphology of mesoporous silica on metoprolol tartrate release.Methodology. A sample of hollow mesoporous silicon dioxide with amino-functional groups containing 12.7 wt. % metoprolol tartrate has been investigated as potential carriers for the controlled release of active substance. Studies of the release profiles of metoprolol tartrate were performed under the following conditions: dissolution medium was buffer solution with a pH of 7.4 (phosphate buffer); sampling time: from 0.5 h before 18 h. The metoprolol concentration in the liquid phase was evaluated by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Persee TU-190, Beijing, China) by use of quartz cuvettes with an optical path length of 1 cm at a maximum wavelength of 274 nm.Findings. In this work we have studied mesoporous silica as possible carrier to controlled release of metoprolol tartrate, a drug used in the treatment of some diseases of the cardiovascular system. The material for research was a sample of hollow mesoporous silicon dioxide with amino-functional groups 200–400 nm in size and 20–30 nm in shell thickness. A calibrated curve to determine the amount of metoprolol was constructed by determining the absorption dependence of the concentration of metoprolol in the range from 10 to 300 ppm. The same drug concentration was obtained as calculated from the drug release test formula, which concludes that the release of metoprolol is controlled.Originality. The controlled release of a sample of hollow spheres of mesoporous silicon dioxide filled with metoprolol tartrate was studied, which was synthesized by the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, using a new technology, where hollow spheres of mesoporous silicon dioxide with amino groups were synthesized using CO2 gas bubbles as templates.Practical value. The metoprolol release amount could achieve a 50% release amounts within 1 hour and 90% within 5 hours, indicating that the synthesized mesoporous hollow sphere could achieve controlled drug release, and shows the potential of carriers with stimulus response and targeted therapy.
{"title":"ВПЛИВ РОЗМІРУ ПОР ТА МОРФОЛОГІЇ МЕЗОПОРИСТОГО КРЕМНІЮ НА ВИВІЛЬНЕННЯ МЕТОПРОЛОЛУ ТАРТРАТУ","authors":"Hongjuan Wang, Wei Hu, O. Saliy","doi":"10.30857/2786-5371.2021.5.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30857/2786-5371.2021.5.2","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Study pore size effect and morphology of mesoporous silica on metoprolol tartrate release.Methodology. A sample of hollow mesoporous silicon dioxide with amino-functional groups containing 12.7 wt. % metoprolol tartrate has been investigated as potential carriers for the controlled release of active substance. Studies of the release profiles of metoprolol tartrate were performed under the following conditions: dissolution medium was buffer solution with a pH of 7.4 (phosphate buffer); sampling time: from 0.5 h before 18 h. The metoprolol concentration in the liquid phase was evaluated by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Persee TU-190, Beijing, China) by use of quartz cuvettes with an optical path length of 1 cm at a maximum wavelength of 274 nm.Findings. In this work we have studied mesoporous silica as possible carrier to controlled release of metoprolol tartrate, a drug used in the treatment of some diseases of the cardiovascular system. The material for research was a sample of hollow mesoporous silicon dioxide with amino-functional groups 200–400 nm in size and 20–30 nm in shell thickness. A calibrated curve to determine the amount of metoprolol was constructed by determining the absorption dependence of the concentration of metoprolol in the range from 10 to 300 ppm. The same drug concentration was obtained as calculated from the drug release test formula, which concludes that the release of metoprolol is controlled.Originality. The controlled release of a sample of hollow spheres of mesoporous silicon dioxide filled with metoprolol tartrate was studied, which was synthesized by the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, using a new technology, where hollow spheres of mesoporous silicon dioxide with amino groups were synthesized using CO2 gas bubbles as templates.Practical value. The metoprolol release amount could achieve a 50% release amounts within 1 hour and 90% within 5 hours, indicating that the synthesized mesoporous hollow sphere could achieve controlled drug release, and shows the potential of carriers with stimulus response and targeted therapy.","PeriodicalId":22554,"journal":{"name":"Technologies and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74022797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.30857/2786-5371.2021.6.1
O. Panasiuk, Valentyna Pleskach, V. Statsenko, V. Khomaziuk
Purpose. Development of a web application with a functional module for conducting prescriptions according to the ICPC2 standard for primary care facilities.Methodology. The C # 8.0 language and the ASP.Net Core 5.0 framework were chosen to implement a server application with the RESTful architecture. The MySql database is selected as the database. HTML5 SASS, JavaScript, React and Redux were used to develop the client part.Findings. Theoretical bases and business processes of medical information systems are investigated. The basic principles of building a modern information system are studied. A medical information system with a high rate of reliability and speed has been designed and implemented. Developed a web application with a client-server architectureOriginality. Features of modern applied medical information systems are revealed. Possibilities of medical information as the main means of medical data storage are considered. The process of conducting medical reception according to the ICPC2 standard for primary care facilities has been worked out. Theoretical bases of construction of software information system for polyclinic and outpatient clinic are investigated.Practical value. A medical information system with a high level of reliability and speed, an interface understandable for all age groups of users has been designed and implemented. Developed a web application with client-server architecture.
{"title":"РОЗРОБКА МЕДИЧНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ДЛЯ МЕДИЧНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ ПЕРВИННОЇ ЛАНКИ","authors":"O. Panasiuk, Valentyna Pleskach, V. Statsenko, V. Khomaziuk","doi":"10.30857/2786-5371.2021.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30857/2786-5371.2021.6.1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Development of a web application with a functional module for conducting prescriptions according to the ICPC2 standard for primary care facilities.Methodology. The C # 8.0 language and the ASP.Net Core 5.0 framework were chosen to implement a server application with the RESTful architecture. The MySql database is selected as the database. HTML5 SASS, JavaScript, React and Redux were used to develop the client part.Findings. Theoretical bases and business processes of medical information systems are investigated. The basic principles of building a modern information system are studied. A medical information system with a high rate of reliability and speed has been designed and implemented. Developed a web application with a client-server architectureOriginality. Features of modern applied medical information systems are revealed. Possibilities of medical information as the main means of medical data storage are considered. The process of conducting medical reception according to the ICPC2 standard for primary care facilities has been worked out. Theoretical bases of construction of software information system for polyclinic and outpatient clinic are investigated.Practical value. A medical information system with a high level of reliability and speed, an interface understandable for all age groups of users has been designed and implemented. Developed a web application with client-server architecture.","PeriodicalId":22554,"journal":{"name":"Technologies and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85446130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.30857/2786-5371.2021.6.3
Liubov Vakhitova, Konstantin Kalafat, Nadiya Taran, V. Bessarabov
Purpose. To study the influence of the carbonizing agent structure on the formation of thermal insulating char layer of intumescent system acid donor/polyol and on the fire protection efficiency of the system at high temperatures. Methodology. A fire retardant mixture of an acid donor (phosphates ammonium, urea, melamine)/ polyol was chosen as a model intumescent system. Dispersion of vinyl acetate copolymer with ethylene was used as a polymeric component. The study applied the characteristics of the char layer of the intumescent composition at a certain temperature. The volumetric intumescent coefficient (K, cm3/g), mass of char residue (m, %), structure and density of the char layer are proposed as the main estimated parameters of flame retardant effect. IR spectroscopy was used to identify products of thermolysis of intumescent systems. Determination of fire protection efficiency of intumescent coatings was carried out in a mini-oven under standard fire conditions. Findings. The influence of polyol structure on the formation of thermal insulating char layer of intumescent acid donor/polyol system and the prediction of fire protection efficiency of this system under high temperature conditions has been investigated. It has been shown that under conditions of thermal shock the fire protection efficiency is more dependent on the nucleophilic reactivity of the polyol towards the unsaturated phosphorus atom of the acid donor than on its thermal stability. It has been found that pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, starch, dextrin, xylitol and sorbitol are the most effective carbonizing agents, regardless of the structure of the acid donor. It has been proved by infrared spectroscopy that at high temperatures as a result of the decomposition of pentaerythritol one of the reaction products is the aldehydes interacting with pentaerythritol with the formation of oligomeric compounds with a simple ether bond C-O-C. At the same time, pentaerythritol can be considered as a universal source of carbon framework for intumescent flame retardants regardless of the phosphate structure used. Originality. It has been shown that an important factor to increase the fire protection efficiency of intumescent systems is the use of polyols with an increased nucleophilicity in the esterification between polyol and phosphoric acid.Practical value. The optimal polyols as carbonizing agents for formulation of intumescent coatings with enhanced fire protection properties have been determined.
{"title":"ПОРІВНЯННЯ ПОЛІОЛІВ ЯК КАРБОНІЗУЮЧИХ АГЕНТІВ ВОГНЕЗАХИСНИХ КОМПОЗИЦІЙ ІНТУМЕСЦЕНТНОГО ТИПУ","authors":"Liubov Vakhitova, Konstantin Kalafat, Nadiya Taran, V. Bessarabov","doi":"10.30857/2786-5371.2021.6.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30857/2786-5371.2021.6.3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To study the influence of the carbonizing agent structure on the formation of thermal insulating char layer of intumescent system acid donor/polyol and on the fire protection efficiency of the system at high temperatures. Methodology. A fire retardant mixture of an acid donor (phosphates ammonium, urea, melamine)/ polyol was chosen as a model intumescent system. Dispersion of vinyl acetate copolymer with ethylene was used as a polymeric component. The study applied the characteristics of the char layer of the intumescent composition at a certain temperature. The volumetric intumescent coefficient (K, cm3/g), mass of char residue (m, %), structure and density of the char layer are proposed as the main estimated parameters of flame retardant effect. IR spectroscopy was used to identify products of thermolysis of intumescent systems. Determination of fire protection efficiency of intumescent coatings was carried out in a mini-oven under standard fire conditions. Findings. The influence of polyol structure on the formation of thermal insulating char layer of intumescent acid donor/polyol system and the prediction of fire protection efficiency of this system under high temperature conditions has been investigated. It has been shown that under conditions of thermal shock the fire protection efficiency is more dependent on the nucleophilic reactivity of the polyol towards the unsaturated phosphorus atom of the acid donor than on its thermal stability. It has been found that pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, starch, dextrin, xylitol and sorbitol are the most effective carbonizing agents, regardless of the structure of the acid donor. It has been proved by infrared spectroscopy that at high temperatures as a result of the decomposition of pentaerythritol one of the reaction products is the aldehydes interacting with pentaerythritol with the formation of oligomeric compounds with a simple ether bond C-O-C. At the same time, pentaerythritol can be considered as a universal source of carbon framework for intumescent flame retardants regardless of the phosphate structure used. Originality. It has been shown that an important factor to increase the fire protection efficiency of intumescent systems is the use of polyols with an increased nucleophilicity in the esterification between polyol and phosphoric acid.Practical value. The optimal polyols as carbonizing agents for formulation of intumescent coatings with enhanced fire protection properties have been determined.","PeriodicalId":22554,"journal":{"name":"Technologies and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81193274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.30857/2786-5371.2021.5.1
Iryna Shvedchykova, J. Romanchenko, Inna Melkonova
Purpose. The choice of the geometric dimensions ratios of system of matrix poles of electromagnetic polygradient separator to increase productivity with maintaining the reliability of extracting of ferromagnetic impurities from bulk material.Methodology. To solve the dynamic problem of motion of a ferromagnetic body in the working gap of pole system of matrix of polygradient separator under the influence of an external magnetic field the known methods of solving linear inhomogeneous differential equations are used. To confirm the reliability of obtained results the method of experimental research is used.Findings. The formulation of dynamic problem of movement of ferromagnetic body in the working gap of plate pole system of matrix of polygradient separator is carried out. Parametric equation for the trajectory of ferromagnetic body removal and a calculated relation connecting the main geometric dimensions of the system of matrix poles are obtained. The calculation results are confirmed experimentally and by operating practice of known magnetic separating devices.Originality. The mathematical description of working process of a polygradient electromagnetic separator with a plate matrix was further developed, which made it possible to obtain an analytical expression that takes into account the main geometric dimensions of the working space of matrix of separator.Practical value. Accounting of obtained analytical dependences between the length of separation zone and air gap, which characterizes the thickness of the separated material layer through which the ferromagnetic body must pass during the separation process, will ensure the necessary purity and productivity of separation.
{"title":"ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ГЕОМЕТРИЧНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ПОЛЮСНОЇ СИСТЕМИ МАТРИЦІ ЕЛЕКТРОМАГНІТНОГО СЕПАРАТОРА","authors":"Iryna Shvedchykova, J. Romanchenko, Inna Melkonova","doi":"10.30857/2786-5371.2021.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30857/2786-5371.2021.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The choice of the geometric dimensions ratios of system of matrix poles of electromagnetic polygradient separator to increase productivity with maintaining the reliability of extracting of ferromagnetic impurities from bulk material.Methodology. To solve the dynamic problem of motion of a ferromagnetic body in the working gap of pole system of matrix of polygradient separator under the influence of an external magnetic field the known methods of solving linear inhomogeneous differential equations are used. To confirm the reliability of obtained results the method of experimental research is used.Findings. The formulation of dynamic problem of movement of ferromagnetic body in the working gap of plate pole system of matrix of polygradient separator is carried out. Parametric equation for the trajectory of ferromagnetic body removal and a calculated relation connecting the main geometric dimensions of the system of matrix poles are obtained. The calculation results are confirmed experimentally and by operating practice of known magnetic separating devices.Originality. The mathematical description of working process of a polygradient electromagnetic separator with a plate matrix was further developed, which made it possible to obtain an analytical expression that takes into account the main geometric dimensions of the working space of matrix of separator.Practical value. Accounting of obtained analytical dependences between the length of separation zone and air gap, which characterizes the thickness of the separated material layer through which the ferromagnetic body must pass during the separation process, will ensure the necessary purity and productivity of separation.","PeriodicalId":22554,"journal":{"name":"Technologies and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88700241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.30857/2786-5371.2021.5.3
Tatyana Doroshenko, Nataliya Каchalova
Goal. Synthesis and study of the effect of the inhibitory component – sterically complicated acenaphthene compounds – on the effectiveness of the protective composition to prevent corrosion of metal products during the period of temporary preservation.Method. Coke-chemical acenaphthylene was isolated from the absorbing and anthracene fractions of coal tar, the bromination of which led to 1,2-dibromocenaphthene. Subsequent alkylation of azine bases with 1,2-dibromacenaphthene yielded a number of sterically complex acenaphthene compounds. In the conditions of simulation aggressiveness of NSS environment the influence of synthesized additives on efficiency of anticorrosive composition is investigated (ISO 9227:2017). Research methods: chromatography, synthesis, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, corrosion tests.Results. On the basis of low-demand, available and inexpensive components of coke production, a number of substances with high anti-corrosion properties were synthesized – Quaternary azine salts with acenaphthene fragment. It was determined that the greatest resistance to the destructive effects of corrosive NSS environment according to the results of accelerated atmospheric corrosion tests was demonstrated by a composite coating containing an inhibitory additive – 1-(2-bromo-1,2-dihydroacenaphthylen-1-yl) quinoline bromide. The dominant role of the structure of the inhibitory additive on the manifestation of anticorrosive properties of the protective composition is shown. The influence of the ratio of components of paints and varnishes on their technological and anti-corrosion properties has been studied. The obtained results allow to create a new formulation of the domestic competitive protective composition to prevent corrosion of the metal for the period of temporary preservation.Scientific novelty. The role of 1,2-dibromacenaphthene as a promising alkylating agent in the synthesis of inhibitory additives - sterically complicated acenaphthene compounds has been determined.Practical significance. The optimal content of inhibitory components – Quaternary azine salts with acenaphthene fragment – for the development of a formulation of an effective anti-corrosion composition for the period of temporary preservation of metal products.
{"title":"ДОЦІЛЬНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ СТЕРИЧНО УСКЛАДНЕНИХ АЦЕНАФТЕНОВИХ СПОЛУК У СКЛАДІ ПРОТИКОРОЗІЙНОЇ КОМПОЗИЦІЇ","authors":"Tatyana Doroshenko, Nataliya Каchalova","doi":"10.30857/2786-5371.2021.5.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30857/2786-5371.2021.5.3","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Synthesis and study of the effect of the inhibitory component – sterically complicated acenaphthene compounds – on the effectiveness of the protective composition to prevent corrosion of metal products during the period of temporary preservation.Method. Coke-chemical acenaphthylene was isolated from the absorbing and anthracene fractions of coal tar, the bromination of which led to 1,2-dibromocenaphthene. Subsequent alkylation of azine bases with 1,2-dibromacenaphthene yielded a number of sterically complex acenaphthene compounds. In the conditions of simulation aggressiveness of NSS environment the influence of synthesized additives on efficiency of anticorrosive composition is investigated (ISO 9227:2017). Research methods: chromatography, synthesis, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, corrosion tests.Results. On the basis of low-demand, available and inexpensive components of coke production, a number of substances with high anti-corrosion properties were synthesized – Quaternary azine salts with acenaphthene fragment. It was determined that the greatest resistance to the destructive effects of corrosive NSS environment according to the results of accelerated atmospheric corrosion tests was demonstrated by a composite coating containing an inhibitory additive – 1-(2-bromo-1,2-dihydroacenaphthylen-1-yl) quinoline bromide. The dominant role of the structure of the inhibitory additive on the manifestation of anticorrosive properties of the protective composition is shown. The influence of the ratio of components of paints and varnishes on their technological and anti-corrosion properties has been studied. The obtained results allow to create a new formulation of the domestic competitive protective composition to prevent corrosion of the metal for the period of temporary preservation.Scientific novelty. The role of 1,2-dibromacenaphthene as a promising alkylating agent in the synthesis of inhibitory additives - sterically complicated acenaphthene compounds has been determined.Practical significance. The optimal content of inhibitory components – Quaternary azine salts with acenaphthene fragment – for the development of a formulation of an effective anti-corrosion composition for the period of temporary preservation of metal products.","PeriodicalId":22554,"journal":{"name":"Technologies and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88137500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-04DOI: 10.30857/2786-5371.2021.3.3
Olexander Shavolkin, Yevhen Stanovskyi, Mykola Pidhainyi, R. Marchenko, Hennadii Kruhliak
Purpose. Improving the efficiency of a hybrid photoelectric system with a rechargeable battery for the needs of the local object by improving the management of the forecast with simulation of energy processes in the system, development of principles for the implementation of energy management systems.Methodology. Analysis of energy processes in the electrical circuits of the photoelectric system with the formalization of the principles of control reconfiguration and the use of computer modeling based on archival data of photoelectric battery generation to evaluate the efficiency of energy management.Findings. Block structures and the general structure of the model of energy processes in the system for the daily cycle of work with an estimation of the cost of electricity consumed from the grid have been developed. The principles of control modes and power consumption of the system according to the forecast of photoelectric battery generation were formalized.Originality. The principles of setting the battery current according to the forecast of photoelectric energy generation, the state of battery charge and the power limit consumed from the grid have been improved. It will help to make better use of the energy of the photoelectric battery and reduce the consumption of electricity from the grid. The mathematical model of the rechargeable battery, built on the manufacturer's catalog data has been improved. The formalization of energy processes in the system with the use of additional variables, which provide reconfiguration of work with regulation of photoelectric battery generation or battery current and taking into account the power limit consumed from the grid is substantiated.Practical value. The obtained solutions are the basis for designing photoelectric control systems to meet the needs of local objects.
{"title":"МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ В ГІБРИДНІЙ ФОТОЕЛЕКТРИЧНІЙ СИСТЕМІ З АКУМУЛЯТОРОМ ДЛЯ ПОТРЕБ ЛОКАЛЬНОГО ОБ’ЄКТУ","authors":"Olexander Shavolkin, Yevhen Stanovskyi, Mykola Pidhainyi, R. Marchenko, Hennadii Kruhliak","doi":"10.30857/2786-5371.2021.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30857/2786-5371.2021.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Improving the efficiency of a hybrid photoelectric system with a rechargeable battery for the needs of the local object by improving the management of the forecast with simulation of energy processes in the system, development of principles for the implementation of energy management systems.Methodology. Analysis of energy processes in the electrical circuits of the photoelectric system with the formalization of the principles of control reconfiguration and the use of computer modeling based on archival data of photoelectric battery generation to evaluate the efficiency of energy management.Findings. Block structures and the general structure of the model of energy processes in the system for the daily cycle of work with an estimation of the cost of electricity consumed from the grid have been developed. The principles of control modes and power consumption of the system according to the forecast of photoelectric battery generation were formalized.Originality. The principles of setting the battery current according to the forecast of photoelectric energy generation, the state of battery charge and the power limit consumed from the grid have been improved. It will help to make better use of the energy of the photoelectric battery and reduce the consumption of electricity from the grid. The mathematical model of the rechargeable battery, built on the manufacturer's catalog data has been improved. The formalization of energy processes in the system with the use of additional variables, which provide reconfiguration of work with regulation of photoelectric battery generation or battery current and taking into account the power limit consumed from the grid is substantiated.Practical value. The obtained solutions are the basis for designing photoelectric control systems to meet the needs of local objects.","PeriodicalId":22554,"journal":{"name":"Technologies and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85247171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-04DOI: 10.30857/2786-5371.2021.4.5
Svitlana Bobrova, O. Dmytryk, Liudmyla Halavska, Tetiana Yelina
Purpose. To investigate the influence of the number of threads resisting to break, the griping length, and the change in the position of the interlacing point when threading with a loop the breaking characteristics of complex polyethylene threads in the form of a loop.Methodology. In the course of the research, experimental research methods were used to determine the breaking characteristics of high molecular weight polyethylene threads on a WDW-5ES tensile machine in accordance with DSTU ISO 2062: 2004, the main provisions of textile materials science and knitting theory, methods of analysis and synthesis of the results obtained. Results. Based on the results of the studies, the influence of different factors on the breaking characteristics of complex multifilament threads was determined, namely: the influence of the number of threads resting on the break, the griping length and the change in the position of the weave point when threading with a loop. In the course of research, the griping length was changed in the range from 25mm to 300mm, and with a stable griping length (100 mm), the location of the thread weave point relative to the lower grip (25mm, 50mm, 75mm) was changed. It has been found that the breaking characteristics of a complex polyethylene yarn are influenced by both the griping length and the location of the weave point in the case of a loop-shaped break. The magnitude of the specific breaking force in the study of loop-shaped rupture is greater than in the study of straight segments of the thread. This is due to parallelization and compaction of the filaments due to the presence of the weave point on the thread that resists tearing. Scientific novelty. Regularities of the effect of griping length, linear density, and location of the point of weave of the complex high molecular threads in relation to the downer and upper grip are established provided that the griping length (100 mm) remains unchanged on the value of breaking load and elongation.Practical significance. Determination of the factors affecting the breaking characteristics of a complex polyethylene yarn will allow in the future, at the stage of designing the structure of knitwear in computer 3D modeling systems, to provide for the magnitude of the breaking force.
目的。研究了环型复合聚乙烯螺纹的抗断丝数、握持长度和交点位置变化对环型复合聚乙烯螺纹断丝特性的影响。在研究过程中，采用实验研究方法，按照DSTU ISO 2062: 2004纺织材料学和针织理论的主要规定，在WDW-5ES拉伸机上测定了高分子量聚乙烯线的断裂特性，并对所得结果进行了分析和综合。结果。在研究结果的基础上，确定了不同因素对复合长丝断丝特性的影响，即:断丝上停留的线数、握持长度和绕丝时织点位置变化对断丝特性的影响。在研究过程中，夹持长度在25mm ~ 300mm范围内变化，在夹持长度稳定(100mm)时，改变螺纹织点相对于下夹持长度(25mm、50mm、75mm)的位置。研究发现，在环形断裂的情况下，复合聚乙烯纱线的断裂特性受握持长度和织点位置的影响。研究环形断裂的比断裂力的大小大于研究直线段螺纹的比断裂力的大小。这是由于纱线上存在抗撕裂的织点，从而使长丝平行化和紧实。科学的新奇。在保持握持长度(100mm)不变的情况下，建立了复杂高分子线的握持长度、线密度、织点位置对上下握持的影响规律。现实意义。确定影响复杂聚乙烯纱线断裂特性的因素将允许将来在计算机三维建模系统中设计针织品结构的阶段，提供断裂力的大小。
{"title":"РОЗРИВАЛЬНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ КОМПЛЕКСНОЇ ПОЛІЕТИЛЕНОВОЇ НИТКИ","authors":"Svitlana Bobrova, O. Dmytryk, Liudmyla Halavska, Tetiana Yelina","doi":"10.30857/2786-5371.2021.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30857/2786-5371.2021.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To investigate the influence of the number of threads resisting to break, the griping length, and the change in the position of the interlacing point when threading with a loop the breaking characteristics of complex polyethylene threads in the form of a loop.Methodology. In the course of the research, experimental research methods were used to determine the breaking characteristics of high molecular weight polyethylene threads on a WDW-5ES tensile machine in accordance with DSTU ISO 2062: 2004, the main provisions of textile materials science and knitting theory, methods of analysis and synthesis of the results obtained. Results. Based on the results of the studies, the influence of different factors on the breaking characteristics of complex multifilament threads was determined, namely: the influence of the number of threads resting on the break, the griping length and the change in the position of the weave point when threading with a loop. In the course of research, the griping length was changed in the range from 25mm to 300mm, and with a stable griping length (100 mm), the location of the thread weave point relative to the lower grip (25mm, 50mm, 75mm) was changed. It has been found that the breaking characteristics of a complex polyethylene yarn are influenced by both the griping length and the location of the weave point in the case of a loop-shaped break. The magnitude of the specific breaking force in the study of loop-shaped rupture is greater than in the study of straight segments of the thread. This is due to parallelization and compaction of the filaments due to the presence of the weave point on the thread that resists tearing. Scientific novelty. Regularities of the effect of griping length, linear density, and location of the point of weave of the complex high molecular threads in relation to the downer and upper grip are established provided that the griping length (100 mm) remains unchanged on the value of breaking load and elongation.Practical significance. Determination of the factors affecting the breaking characteristics of a complex polyethylene yarn will allow in the future, at the stage of designing the structure of knitwear in computer 3D modeling systems, to provide for the magnitude of the breaking force.","PeriodicalId":22554,"journal":{"name":"Technologies and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90528705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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