Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.36899/japs.2023.5.0702
S. Shahzadi, M. Ijaz, M. Imran, H. Naz, S. Muzammil, R. Abbas, S. Altaf, R. Hussain
Gentamicin (GM) is an important aminoglycoside antibiotic to treat different infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered as a key factor in the pathogenesis of renal disorders, and an important consequence of GM-induced nephrotoxicity that results in structural and functional alteration. Casticin (CAS) is a potential phytochemical having various pharmacological properties. The current investigation was formulated to ascertain the protective effects of CAS on GM induced mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney of rats. For this study, mature Sprague Dawley rats (n=48), weighing 200 ± 20g were used and divided into four groups (n=12) using a completely randomized design (CRD); Group 1 (control group), Group 2 (GM dose, 80 mgkg -1 b. wt i.p), Group 3 (80 mg/kg GM (i.p) and 50 mgkg -1 b.wt of CAS orally) and Group 4 (CAS 50 mgkg -1 b.wt orally). All rats were treated for ten days continuously. Our finding showed that GM administration significantly increased the concentration of urea and creatinine; however, creatinine clearance was reduced. GM treatment increased the level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, while the activity of glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were decreased. Mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes (succinate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) activities were decreased after GM exposure. In addition, mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) enzymes, i.e., NADH dehydrogenase, succinate-dehydrogenase, succinic-coenzyme Q and cytochrome c-oxidase activities were reduced followed by GM administration. GM administration decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) while significantly induced histological damage. However, treatment of CAS abrogated the damaging effects of GM in isolated renal mitochondria. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that CAS exhibits palliative effects against GM-induced renal mitochondrial impairment in the rats.
{"title":"STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF CASTICIN AGAINST GM-INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE, SERUM CHEMISTRY AND MITOCHONDRIA IN RATS","authors":"S. Shahzadi, M. Ijaz, M. Imran, H. Naz, S. Muzammil, R. Abbas, S. Altaf, R. Hussain","doi":"10.36899/japs.2023.5.0702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2023.5.0702","url":null,"abstract":"Gentamicin (GM) is an important aminoglycoside antibiotic to treat different infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered as a key factor in the pathogenesis of renal disorders, and an important consequence of GM-induced nephrotoxicity that results in structural and functional alteration. Casticin (CAS) is a potential phytochemical having various pharmacological properties. The current investigation was formulated to ascertain the protective effects of CAS on GM induced mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney of rats. For this study, mature Sprague Dawley rats (n=48), weighing 200 ± 20g were used and divided into four groups (n=12) using a completely randomized design (CRD); Group 1 (control group), Group 2 (GM dose, 80 mgkg -1 b. wt i.p), Group 3 (80 mg/kg GM (i.p) and 50 mgkg -1 b.wt of CAS orally) and Group 4 (CAS 50 mgkg -1 b.wt orally). All rats were treated for ten days continuously. Our finding showed that GM administration significantly increased the concentration of urea and creatinine; however, creatinine clearance was reduced. GM treatment increased the level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, while the activity of glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were decreased. Mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes (succinate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) activities were decreased after GM exposure. In addition, mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) enzymes, i.e., NADH dehydrogenase, succinate-dehydrogenase, succinic-coenzyme Q and cytochrome c-oxidase activities were reduced followed by GM administration. GM administration decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) while significantly induced histological damage. However, treatment of CAS abrogated the damaging effects of GM in isolated renal mitochondria. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that CAS exhibits palliative effects against GM-induced renal mitochondrial impairment in the rats.","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83981812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.36899/japs.2023.5.0712
C. J. Yang, ，. M. Jin, Y. Zhang, ，. Duan
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase is the crucial enzyme and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis pathway of phenylpropane. Lignin, phytoalexin and many kinds of active substances produced in this pathway, such as flavonoids and phenols, play a key role in lignification, stress resistance, insect resistance and disease resistance of plant cells. In this study, five PAL gene sequences of Populus simonii × p.nigra were studied, and the basic characteristics of their genes and proteins were analyzed. The tissue expression pattern of PAL gene of Populus simonii × p.nigra were tested by real-time quantitative. PCR under different nitrogen forms and nitrogen concentrations. The results showed that the physicochemical property of five proteins were similar. All the proteins except PtrPAL4 and PtrPAL5 were stained on chromosome 10, PtrPAL1, PtrPAL2 and PtrPAL3 were on chromosome 6, 8 and 16, respectively. The five proteins were mainly distributed in chloroplasts, and the three-level structures of the five proteins were consistent, and they were all homologous tetramers. The evolutionary relationship results show that the PAL gene of poplar is highly homologous to rice and Arabidopsis. When poplar was treated with 0.1 mmol · L -1 , 10 mmol · L -1 and 2 mmol · L -1 , the relative expression of PAL genes in stem was the highest under low nitrogen level, and was most obviously induced by ammonium nitrogen.
{"title":"Bioinformatics and Expression Analysis of PAL Gene Family of Poplar Plant under Different Nitrogen Treatments","authors":"C. J. Yang, ，. M. Jin, Y. Zhang, ，. Duan","doi":"10.36899/japs.2023.5.0712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2023.5.0712","url":null,"abstract":"Phenylalanine ammonia lyase is the crucial enzyme and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis pathway of phenylpropane. Lignin, phytoalexin and many kinds of active substances produced in this pathway, such as flavonoids and phenols, play a key role in lignification, stress resistance, insect resistance and disease resistance of plant cells. In this study, five PAL gene sequences of Populus simonii × p.nigra were studied, and the basic characteristics of their genes and proteins were analyzed. The tissue expression pattern of PAL gene of Populus simonii × p.nigra were tested by real-time quantitative. PCR under different nitrogen forms and nitrogen concentrations. The results showed that the physicochemical property of five proteins were similar. All the proteins except PtrPAL4 and PtrPAL5 were stained on chromosome 10, PtrPAL1, PtrPAL2 and PtrPAL3 were on chromosome 6, 8 and 16, respectively. The five proteins were mainly distributed in chloroplasts, and the three-level structures of the five proteins were consistent, and they were all homologous tetramers. The evolutionary relationship results show that the PAL gene of poplar is highly homologous to rice and Arabidopsis. When poplar was treated with 0.1 mmol · L -1 , 10 mmol · L -1 and 2 mmol · L -1 , the relative expression of PAL genes in stem was the highest under low nitrogen level, and was most obviously induced by ammonium nitrogen.","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86904475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.36899/japs.2023.5.0709
Mohammed M. E. Elmoghazy, H. Alhaithloul
Numerous mite species frequently affect olive trees worldwide; phytophagous mites induce damage to leaves, buds, and fruits. This research work was conducted as an exploratory assessment of the mite fauna of olive trees, its population prevalence, and the composition of control strategies by comparing the efficacy of predation of Amblyseius swirskii with acaricide Danisaraba 20% SC (active constituent cyflumetofen) for control of pest mites on olive trees in the open field. Results showed that 12 species from 11 genera belonging to 6 families were identified. Six species were identified as a new record for Aljouf region, Saudi Arabia. Eriophyid mites were the most prevalent phytophagous species associated with olive aerial parts. The temperature and relative humidity in various months significantly influence mites' activity and population density. At an average temperature of 20 to 40 ° C and 12 to 30% rh, the population density of mites began to rise at the beginning of March and peaked in June. Comparison of predation of A. swirskii with acaricide Danisaraba 20% SC in field revealed that the enumeration of different stages of pest mites started declining gradually. The Eriophyid population recorded the lowest number on the 48 th day after the second release of A. swirskii at a predator/prey ratio of 1:7. While population steadily increased on the 16 th day after the second launch of the acaricide Danisaraba. A. swirskii has proved to be a promising candidate for biological control of olive trees mites compared with acaricide Danisaraba 20% SC in an open
{"title":"SURVEY AND POPULATION DENSITY EVALUATION OF OLIVE TREES MITES WITH APPLICATION OF SOME INTEGRATED CONTROL OF MITES PESTS","authors":"Mohammed M. E. Elmoghazy, H. Alhaithloul","doi":"10.36899/japs.2023.5.0709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2023.5.0709","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous mite species frequently affect olive trees worldwide; phytophagous mites induce damage to leaves, buds, and fruits. This research work was conducted as an exploratory assessment of the mite fauna of olive trees, its population prevalence, and the composition of control strategies by comparing the efficacy of predation of Amblyseius swirskii with acaricide Danisaraba 20% SC (active constituent cyflumetofen) for control of pest mites on olive trees in the open field. Results showed that 12 species from 11 genera belonging to 6 families were identified. Six species were identified as a new record for Aljouf region, Saudi Arabia. Eriophyid mites were the most prevalent phytophagous species associated with olive aerial parts. The temperature and relative humidity in various months significantly influence mites' activity and population density. At an average temperature of 20 to 40 ° C and 12 to 30% rh, the population density of mites began to rise at the beginning of March and peaked in June. Comparison of predation of A. swirskii with acaricide Danisaraba 20% SC in field revealed that the enumeration of different stages of pest mites started declining gradually. The Eriophyid population recorded the lowest number on the 48 th day after the second release of A. swirskii at a predator/prey ratio of 1:7. While population steadily increased on the 16 th day after the second launch of the acaricide Danisaraba. A. swirskii has proved to be a promising candidate for biological control of olive trees mites compared with acaricide Danisaraba 20% SC in an open","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85379731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.36899/japs.2023.5.0705
G. Naz, A. Anjum, T. Ali, M. Nawaz, S. Iqbal, R. Manzoor
Plant essential oils have been used in traditional medicines since ancient times to combat disease and in agro-food science to preserve food stuff. Antifungal activity of plant essential oils was evaluated using different substrates of varied moisture levels against ochratoxin A (OTA) producing Aspergillus ochraceus . A. ochraceus (n = 3) isolates were processed for antifungal activity of various essential oils including Zingiber officinale , Curcuma longa , Eucalyptus globulus , Syzygium aromaticum, Nigella sativa , Elettaria cardamomum , Cinnamomum verum and Cuminum cyminum extracted by hydro-distillation. To check the antimicrobial activity of essential oils, the highest zone of inhibition recorded was of C. verum (33.67±0.57mm) followed by S. aromaticum (30.33±0.57mm) and the least minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was of S. aromaticum (0.52±0.22 µg/mL) followed by C. verum (0.65±0.22 µg/mL). Antifungal activity was evaluated in term of log reduction and at the exposure time of 60 and 90 min, 6±0.00 log reduction was observed by S. aromaticum , C. verum and E. cardamomum with non-significant differences. At 15 th , 30 th , 45 th and 60 th day of experiment, toxin production by A. ochraceus at moisture contents (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70%) in un-inoculated groups and inoculated treated groups with C. verum Essential Oils were found non-significantly different to each other but significantly different from the OTA production in inoculated groups of wheat, maize and rice (intact and broken). At 10% moisture level, OTA production was low and reached to maximum level at 40% moisture level and again decline with increasing moisture level. Cinnamon has showed antifungal activity against A. ochraceus at all moisture levels. The confirmation of inhibition potential of C. verum was evaluated using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. This study illustrates that cinnamon oil is effective to inhibit the growth of OTA producing A. ochraceus in stored grains to overcome the economic losses.
{"title":"ACTIVITY OF PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST OCHRATOXIN A PRODUCING ASPERGILLUS OCHRACEUS","authors":"G. Naz, A. Anjum, T. Ali, M. Nawaz, S. Iqbal, R. Manzoor","doi":"10.36899/japs.2023.5.0705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2023.5.0705","url":null,"abstract":"Plant essential oils have been used in traditional medicines since ancient times to combat disease and in agro-food science to preserve food stuff. Antifungal activity of plant essential oils was evaluated using different substrates of varied moisture levels against ochratoxin A (OTA) producing Aspergillus ochraceus . A. ochraceus (n = 3) isolates were processed for antifungal activity of various essential oils including Zingiber officinale , Curcuma longa , Eucalyptus globulus , Syzygium aromaticum, Nigella sativa , Elettaria cardamomum , Cinnamomum verum and Cuminum cyminum extracted by hydro-distillation. To check the antimicrobial activity of essential oils, the highest zone of inhibition recorded was of C. verum (33.67±0.57mm) followed by S. aromaticum (30.33±0.57mm) and the least minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was of S. aromaticum (0.52±0.22 µg/mL) followed by C. verum (0.65±0.22 µg/mL). Antifungal activity was evaluated in term of log reduction and at the exposure time of 60 and 90 min, 6±0.00 log reduction was observed by S. aromaticum , C. verum and E. cardamomum with non-significant differences. At 15 th , 30 th , 45 th and 60 th day of experiment, toxin production by A. ochraceus at moisture contents (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70%) in un-inoculated groups and inoculated treated groups with C. verum Essential Oils were found non-significantly different to each other but significantly different from the OTA production in inoculated groups of wheat, maize and rice (intact and broken). At 10% moisture level, OTA production was low and reached to maximum level at 40% moisture level and again decline with increasing moisture level. Cinnamon has showed antifungal activity against A. ochraceus at all moisture levels. The confirmation of inhibition potential of C. verum was evaluated using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. This study illustrates that cinnamon oil is effective to inhibit the growth of OTA producing A. ochraceus in stored grains to overcome the economic losses.","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89600198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.36899/japs.2023.5.0701
T. Mahmood, A. Ullah, A. Khalid, F. Akrim, M. Nadeem, N. Irshad, T. Ahmad
The Indian pangolin ( Manis crassicaudata ), categorized as “Endangered “by the IUCN and included in the Appendix-I of the CITES, is illegally hunted for its scales in Pakistan and its population is declining rapidly for the last decade. The species has stayed neglected in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, where studies focusing on its ecology and illegal trade are scanty. The current study, therefore, aimed at determining the distribution and estimating the population of Indian pangolin in Kohat district, one of species known range. Field visits to the study area were made each month during September 2018 to July 2019 for data collection. Results showed that Indian pangolin had limited distribution in the study area; being recorded at only three out of seven sampling sites surveyed, at elevation ranging from 390 m to 471 m. Field signs of the species like its active living burrows were recorded at three positive sampling sites only. Mean population density of Indian pangolin estimated from the field data was found to be very low, 0.29 individuals/km 2 , Questionnaire survey conducted involving local community revealed poaching and illegal killing of Indian pangolin for its scales, being the main threat to its little remaining population in the Kohat District. Majority of respondents thought that the population of the species had declined greatly in the study area during past few years. The study recommends strict law enforcement along with creating more awareness among local people to conserve the species in the study area.
{"title":"DISTRIBUTION, POPULATION ESTIMATION AND AWARENESS OF INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY FOR THE INDIAN PANGOLIN (MANIS CRASSICAUDATA) IN THE KOHAT DISTRICT, PAKISTAN","authors":"T. Mahmood, A. Ullah, A. Khalid, F. Akrim, M. Nadeem, N. Irshad, T. Ahmad","doi":"10.36899/japs.2023.5.0701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2023.5.0701","url":null,"abstract":"The Indian pangolin ( Manis crassicaudata ), categorized as “Endangered “by the IUCN and included in the Appendix-I of the CITES, is illegally hunted for its scales in Pakistan and its population is declining rapidly for the last decade. The species has stayed neglected in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, where studies focusing on its ecology and illegal trade are scanty. The current study, therefore, aimed at determining the distribution and estimating the population of Indian pangolin in Kohat district, one of species known range. Field visits to the study area were made each month during September 2018 to July 2019 for data collection. Results showed that Indian pangolin had limited distribution in the study area; being recorded at only three out of seven sampling sites surveyed, at elevation ranging from 390 m to 471 m. Field signs of the species like its active living burrows were recorded at three positive sampling sites only. Mean population density of Indian pangolin estimated from the field data was found to be very low, 0.29 individuals/km 2 , Questionnaire survey conducted involving local community revealed poaching and illegal killing of Indian pangolin for its scales, being the main threat to its little remaining population in the Kohat District. Majority of respondents thought that the population of the species had declined greatly in the study area during past few years. The study recommends strict law enforcement along with creating more awareness among local people to conserve the species in the study area.","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78281877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.36899/japs.2023.5.0707
Hamzullah Khan, W. Majeed, S. Mustafa, S. Shabbir
Present paper describes the impact of trees as roosts for the rose-ringed parakeet ( Psittacula krameri Linn.) in the five districts of Central Punjab, Pakistan. The parakeet has established sufficiently large numbers of communal roosts in some of the predominant trees as the Salmalia malabarica, Cedrella toona, Dalbergia sissoo, Azadirachta indica, Terminalia arjuna and others with the suitable ecological conditions. The old and tall trees have occurred here for more than century, offer depressions or hollows. Of these, several after being refined by the parakeets, serve as nests for breeding. Total of six major habitats viz. cropland, villages, roadside plantations, canal sides, city road avenues and the university campus were sampled to determine the overall trees 8769 ± 1.39, cavities 2474 ± 0.97, cavities per tree 10.44 ± 1.78, parakeet nests 528 ± 0.78 and nest percentage proportions 325 ± 1.85 respectively. Significantly, majority of the roosts were closely associated with the economically important food crops viz. wheat, maize, sunflower, sorghum and variety of fruits, therefore, their regular visits to them were frequent to inflict substantial economic losses. The study concludes that although the emphasis to grow more plantations throughout the agro-ecosystems of Central Punjab would prove beneficial; nonetheless population of the parakeets and of the other vertebrate pests would also increase in the ecologically suitable habitats. Therefore, population of such pests should be also estimated accurately and rationalize the strategies the strategies to inhibit the probable depredations on the crops.
{"title":"TREES AS THE ROOSTS OF ROSE RINGED PARAKEET IN CENTRAL PUNJAB PAKISTAN","authors":"Hamzullah Khan, W. Majeed, S. Mustafa, S. Shabbir","doi":"10.36899/japs.2023.5.0707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2023.5.0707","url":null,"abstract":"Present paper describes the impact of trees as roosts for the rose-ringed parakeet ( Psittacula krameri Linn.) in the five districts of Central Punjab, Pakistan. The parakeet has established sufficiently large numbers of communal roosts in some of the predominant trees as the Salmalia malabarica, Cedrella toona, Dalbergia sissoo, Azadirachta indica, Terminalia arjuna and others with the suitable ecological conditions. The old and tall trees have occurred here for more than century, offer depressions or hollows. Of these, several after being refined by the parakeets, serve as nests for breeding. Total of six major habitats viz. cropland, villages, roadside plantations, canal sides, city road avenues and the university campus were sampled to determine the overall trees 8769 ± 1.39, cavities 2474 ± 0.97, cavities per tree 10.44 ± 1.78, parakeet nests 528 ± 0.78 and nest percentage proportions 325 ± 1.85 respectively. Significantly, majority of the roosts were closely associated with the economically important food crops viz. wheat, maize, sunflower, sorghum and variety of fruits, therefore, their regular visits to them were frequent to inflict substantial economic losses. The study concludes that although the emphasis to grow more plantations throughout the agro-ecosystems of Central Punjab would prove beneficial; nonetheless population of the parakeets and of the other vertebrate pests would also increase in the ecologically suitable habitats. Therefore, population of such pests should be also estimated accurately and rationalize the strategies the strategies to inhibit the probable depredations on the crops.","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87168889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.36899/japs.2023.5.0700
M. A. Asif, M. A. Hamid, M. Shoaib, M. A. Mirza, H. Iqbal, M. I. Khan, S. Ashraf, M. M. Javed, S. Shehzad, M. Asif, S. Jameel
The objective of this study was study the protein bound and free lysine (Lys) on production performance in broilers. Two hundred and sixteen (216) day-old broiler chicks were distributed into three treatments, six replicates and 12 birds in each. Three isonitrogenous (CP 22.5%) and isocaloric (ME 3000 Kcal/kg) experimental diets were formulated. In control diet, total digestible Lys (1.20%) was contributed by feed ingredients like soybean meal, canola meal and fish meal. In other two diets, out of 1.2, 0.06 was free Lys that was either contributed by L-Lys Sulfate or L-Lys HCl which were assumed to be 100% digestible. Feed intake was (P≤0.05) lower in birds received free Lys than those reared on bounded Lys. Weight gain and FCR were improved (P≤0.05) in birds received protein bound Lys and free Lys as L-Lys Sulfate than L-Lys HCl. Dressing percentage, liver weight, water holding capacity, pH, cooking loss and blood hematology parameters were not affected by treatments. Production cost per kg live weight was lower in birds received free Lys as L-Lys Sulfate than others treatments. It can be concluded that use of free Lys in the form of L-Lys Sulfate had improved feed efficiency and economics efficiency without having negative effect on meat quality and blood hematology parameters.
{"title":"EFFECT OF PROTEIN BOUND AND FREE LYSINE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, MEAT QUALITY, BLOOD HEMATOLOGY AND ECONOMICS IN BROILERS","authors":"M. A. Asif, M. A. Hamid, M. Shoaib, M. A. Mirza, H. Iqbal, M. I. Khan, S. Ashraf, M. M. Javed, S. Shehzad, M. Asif, S. Jameel","doi":"10.36899/japs.2023.5.0700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2023.5.0700","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was study the protein bound and free lysine (Lys) on production performance in broilers. Two hundred and sixteen (216) day-old broiler chicks were distributed into three treatments, six replicates and 12 birds in each. Three isonitrogenous (CP 22.5%) and isocaloric (ME 3000 Kcal/kg) experimental diets were formulated. In control diet, total digestible Lys (1.20%) was contributed by feed ingredients like soybean meal, canola meal and fish meal. In other two diets, out of 1.2, 0.06 was free Lys that was either contributed by L-Lys Sulfate or L-Lys HCl which were assumed to be 100% digestible. Feed intake was (P≤0.05) lower in birds received free Lys than those reared on bounded Lys. Weight gain and FCR were improved (P≤0.05) in birds received protein bound Lys and free Lys as L-Lys Sulfate than L-Lys HCl. Dressing percentage, liver weight, water holding capacity, pH, cooking loss and blood hematology parameters were not affected by treatments. Production cost per kg live weight was lower in birds received free Lys as L-Lys Sulfate than others treatments. It can be concluded that use of free Lys in the form of L-Lys Sulfate had improved feed efficiency and economics efficiency without having negative effect on meat quality and blood hematology parameters.","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87110550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.36899/japs.2023.5.0711
S. Ahmad, M. Zafar, M. Ahmad, S. Zafar, M. Arfan, A. Khan, S. Sultana, M. Abbasi, S. Majeed
The current study was carried out to investigate the geographical origin and botanical sources of 13 autumn honey samples collected from different areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For palynological analysis, samples were centrifuged and prepared according to the standard techniques of acetolysis. The study revealed the existence of diverse pollen in honey samples from 34 taxa, 31 genera and 18 different families. Honey was weighed, mixed with distilled water, and put in a centrifuge for analysis. Using light microscopy, pollen morphology and pollen counts were investigated. Identifications of pollen were examined from species to family level. Pollen grains of Saccharum spontaneum existed in every sample, revealing that these plants are distributed consistently all over the research area. In the analyzed samples, 04 were classified as dominant pollen, 08 accessory pollen and 01 isolated pollen. Unifloral and multifloral samples were recorded from the research area after analysis in the present study. Ziziphus jujuba and Saccharum spontaneum were abundant species within frequency classes. This study provides information about the flowering periods of plants, the conservation of bee flora, the importance of the autumn season regarding honey production, bee floral diversity, floral and the geographical occurrence of plants and honeybees. The diversity of bee-visiting plants led to promoting the annual yields of honey and providing opportunities for a business of beekeeping.
{"title":"MELISSOPALYNOLOGICAL STUDIES OF AUTUMN HONEY SAMPLES FROM KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN","authors":"S. Ahmad, M. Zafar, M. Ahmad, S. Zafar, M. Arfan, A. Khan, S. Sultana, M. Abbasi, S. Majeed","doi":"10.36899/japs.2023.5.0711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2023.5.0711","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was carried out to investigate the geographical origin and botanical sources of 13 autumn honey samples collected from different areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For palynological analysis, samples were centrifuged and prepared according to the standard techniques of acetolysis. The study revealed the existence of diverse pollen in honey samples from 34 taxa, 31 genera and 18 different families. Honey was weighed, mixed with distilled water, and put in a centrifuge for analysis. Using light microscopy, pollen morphology and pollen counts were investigated. Identifications of pollen were examined from species to family level. Pollen grains of Saccharum spontaneum existed in every sample, revealing that these plants are distributed consistently all over the research area. In the analyzed samples, 04 were classified as dominant pollen, 08 accessory pollen and 01 isolated pollen. Unifloral and multifloral samples were recorded from the research area after analysis in the present study. Ziziphus jujuba and Saccharum spontaneum were abundant species within frequency classes. This study provides information about the flowering periods of plants, the conservation of bee flora, the importance of the autumn season regarding honey production, bee floral diversity, floral and the geographical occurrence of plants and honeybees. The diversity of bee-visiting plants led to promoting the annual yields of honey and providing opportunities for a business of beekeeping.","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85539354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.36899/japs.2023.5.0703
M. Rizwan, H. Akbar, M. A. Khan, A. Anjum, M. Hayat, I. U. Khan, A. Masood, M. Sajjad, N. Raza
Abomasal displacement is an important metabolic disorder that primarily affects exotic breeds of high-yielding dairy cows worldwide, causing significant economic losses to dairy herds. Indeed, the etiology and pathogenesis of bovine left displacement abomasum remain unclear. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of left omentopexy among dairy cows on normal body parameters. Twenty-six cows were allocated into two groups: Control group-A (n=13) and Treatment group-B (n=13). LDA was confirmed by clinical assessment and ultrasonography and then surgically treated. Blood samples from both groups were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28, respectively. Serum electrolyte profiles were evaluated by photometry, while the serum concentration of some biochemical parameters was evaluated by ELISA. The results indicated that serum levels of sodium, and potassium on days 0 to 14, while calcium, and chlorides on days 0 to 21 were lower ( P =0.00) which increased to normal post-operatively in group-B than in group-A. Serum levels of blood urea nitrogen ( P =0.00) on days 0 to 7; creatinine, Alanine aminotransferase ( P =0.00) on days 0 to 21; aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, and globulin ( P =0.00) on days 0 to 14 in group-B significantly increased ( P <0.01) then it gradually decreased to normal ( P >0.05) post-operatively compared with group-A. Serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides on days 0 to 14, while albumin ( P =0.00) on days 0 to 21, significantly decreased ( P <0.01) then gradually increased to normal ( P >0.05) post-operatively in group-B than in group-A. The rectal temperature, pulse rate, and respiration rate of group-B increased ( P =0.00) on days 0 to 7, then gradually decreased to normal ( P >0.05) post-operatively than in group-A. The ruminal movement ( P =0.00) on day 0 and the body condition score ( P =0.00) on days 0 to 21 in group-B decreased ( P <0.05) pre-operatively, then gradually increased to normal ( P >0.05) post-operatively. In conclusion, LDA is associated with biochemical, physiological, and electrolyte profile changes that are rectified through surgical correction.
{"title":"EFFECT OF LEFT OMENTOPEXY AMONG DAIRY COWS ON NORMAL BODY PARAMETERS","authors":"M. Rizwan, H. Akbar, M. A. Khan, A. Anjum, M. Hayat, I. U. Khan, A. Masood, M. Sajjad, N. Raza","doi":"10.36899/japs.2023.5.0703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2023.5.0703","url":null,"abstract":"Abomasal displacement is an important metabolic disorder that primarily affects exotic breeds of high-yielding dairy cows worldwide, causing significant economic losses to dairy herds. Indeed, the etiology and pathogenesis of bovine left displacement abomasum remain unclear. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of left omentopexy among dairy cows on normal body parameters. Twenty-six cows were allocated into two groups: Control group-A (n=13) and Treatment group-B (n=13). LDA was confirmed by clinical assessment and ultrasonography and then surgically treated. Blood samples from both groups were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28, respectively. Serum electrolyte profiles were evaluated by photometry, while the serum concentration of some biochemical parameters was evaluated by ELISA. The results indicated that serum levels of sodium, and potassium on days 0 to 14, while calcium, and chlorides on days 0 to 21 were lower ( P =0.00) which increased to normal post-operatively in group-B than in group-A. Serum levels of blood urea nitrogen ( P =0.00) on days 0 to 7; creatinine, Alanine aminotransferase ( P =0.00) on days 0 to 21; aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, and globulin ( P =0.00) on days 0 to 14 in group-B significantly increased ( P <0.01) then it gradually decreased to normal ( P >0.05) post-operatively compared with group-A. Serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides on days 0 to 14, while albumin ( P =0.00) on days 0 to 21, significantly decreased ( P <0.01) then gradually increased to normal ( P >0.05) post-operatively in group-B than in group-A. The rectal temperature, pulse rate, and respiration rate of group-B increased ( P =0.00) on days 0 to 7, then gradually decreased to normal ( P >0.05) post-operatively than in group-A. The ruminal movement ( P =0.00) on day 0 and the body condition score ( P =0.00) on days 0 to 21 in group-B decreased ( P <0.05) pre-operatively, then gradually increased to normal ( P >0.05) post-operatively. In conclusion, LDA is associated with biochemical, physiological, and electrolyte profile changes that are rectified through surgical correction.","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88050882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.36899/japs.2023.5.0697
E. Haji, M. Abed, Y. E. Arvas, S. Marakli, Y. Kaya
Tomato is one of the best-studied cultivated dicotyledonous plants in molecular studies. Mobile genetic elements constitute large parts of plant genomes. Retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements within the genome and constitute more than 60% of the tomato genome. Transposable elements (TE) or transposons are DNA sequences that can alter their position within a genome, cause mutations and change the genetic identity of the cells and genome size. We aimed to analyze potato specific-P-Tst-1, P-Tst-3 and P-Tst-6 retrotransposon movements in tomatoes at different developmental stages (mature seedling, flowering stage and fruiting stage) under different cultural conditions (organic and conventional) by IRAP (Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism) technique. We found polymorphism rates between 1-100% for P-Tst-1, P-Tst-3 and 0-86% for P-Tst-6 . When compared to organically tomatoes, conventionally produced tomatoes showed high polymorphism. Moreover, polymorphism ratios were different at developmental stages. This is the first report to analyze potato-specific retrotransposon movements in tomatoes grown under different conditions. Obtaining findings are expected to understand the evolutionary relationships between tomato and potato, and even the effects of different growing conditions on tomato genome to increase yield in agriculture
{"title":"ANALYSES of P-Tst-1, P-Tst-3 and P-Tst-6 RETROTRANSPOSONS IN CONVENTIONALLY AND ORGANICALLY PRODUCED TOMATOES","authors":"E. Haji, M. Abed, Y. E. Arvas, S. Marakli, Y. Kaya","doi":"10.36899/japs.2023.5.0697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2023.5.0697","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato is one of the best-studied cultivated dicotyledonous plants in molecular studies. Mobile genetic elements constitute large parts of plant genomes. Retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements within the genome and constitute more than 60% of the tomato genome. Transposable elements (TE) or transposons are DNA sequences that can alter their position within a genome, cause mutations and change the genetic identity of the cells and genome size. We aimed to analyze potato specific-P-Tst-1, P-Tst-3 and P-Tst-6 retrotransposon movements in tomatoes at different developmental stages (mature seedling, flowering stage and fruiting stage) under different cultural conditions (organic and conventional) by IRAP (Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism) technique. We found polymorphism rates between 1-100% for P-Tst-1, P-Tst-3 and 0-86% for P-Tst-6 . When compared to organically tomatoes, conventionally produced tomatoes showed high polymorphism. Moreover, polymorphism ratios were different at developmental stages. This is the first report to analyze potato-specific retrotransposon movements in tomatoes grown under different conditions. Obtaining findings are expected to understand the evolutionary relationships between tomato and potato, and even the effects of different growing conditions on tomato genome to increase yield in agriculture","PeriodicalId":22588,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76492032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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