Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder with substantial variability in bleeding manifestations and a generally low risk of fatal outcomes. Diagnosis is based on exclusion and is supported by thrombocytopenia in peripheral blood and characteristic megakaryocytic findings in bone marrow examination. In many adults, treatment remains suboptimal, and morbidity may result from both bleeding and the adverse effects of immunosuppressive therapies.
Rationale
Identifying the underlying disease process is essential for improving diagnostic precision, developing targeted therapies, and enhancing patient outcomes.
Objective
This review summarizes mass spectrometry-based proteomics studies investigating the pathogenesis of ITP and their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.
Conclusion
Despite significant clinical heterogeneity, proteomic research in ITP remains limited, underscoring the need for comprehensive molecular studies to better elucidate disease mechanisms.
{"title":"Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics to Understand Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Review","authors":"Syed Kashif Raza, Ayesha Iqbal","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcm.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder with substantial variability in bleeding manifestations and a generally low risk of fatal outcomes. Diagnosis is based on exclusion and is supported by thrombocytopenia in peripheral blood and characteristic megakaryocytic findings in bone marrow examination. In many adults, treatment remains suboptimal, and morbidity may result from both bleeding and the adverse effects of immunosuppressive therapies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identifying the underlying disease process is essential for improving diagnostic precision, developing targeted therapies, and enhancing patient outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review summarizes mass spectrometry-based proteomics studies investigating the pathogenesis of ITP and their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite significant clinical heterogeneity, proteomic research in ITP remains limited, underscoring the need for comprehensive molecular studies to better elucidate disease mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146008021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mujia Jenny Li, Murat Kucukdisli, Florian Braun, David W. Will, Nadine Meier, Bettina Wehrle, Larissa Chiara Meyer, Melanie Christine Föll, Oliver Schilling
Background
Proteolytic processing is a fundamental post-translational modification. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) workflows are powerful for degradomic analyses but inherently sacrifice spatial information, a critical aspect for investigating biological systems such as aberrant extracellular matrix remodeling and alterations of the tumor microenvironment. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) offers potential for fast spatial profiling, but MALDI imaging of tryptic peptides is still challenged by spectral crowding and restricted abilities for MALDI MS/MS identification.
Methods
To address these limitations, we developed pyrene-conjugated 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (pyr-2PCA) tags for selective N-terminal labeling and enhanced detection sensitivity. The 2PCA reagent exclusively modifies N-terminal α-amines, not lysine ε-amines, as could be confirmed in MALDI-MS, with concentration-dependent side reactions minimized by dilution. A distinct reporter ion produced by 2PCA-labeled peptides in prm-PASEF (MALDI MS/MS) serves as a unique marker for successful labeling.
Results
The covalent conjugation of 2PCA with a pyrene structure results in the pyr-2PCA tag that enables matrix-free, label-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LALDI-MS) measurements of peptides. We demonstrate that labeling with a pyrene-coupled 2PCA tag (pyr-2PCA) prior to tryptic digestion results in the selective detection of N-terminal peptides in LALDI, with no significant off-target labeling.
Conclusions
This study presents the first presentation and characterization of this novel pyr-2PCA tag, thereby laying the groundwork and demonstrating its future potential for MALDI/LALDI-based in situ spatial N-terminomics to study proteolytic processes.
{"title":"Pyrene-Conjugated, 2-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde Derivatives as N-Terminus-Specific Tags for MALDI- and LALDI-MS","authors":"Mujia Jenny Li, Murat Kucukdisli, Florian Braun, David W. Will, Nadine Meier, Bettina Wehrle, Larissa Chiara Meyer, Melanie Christine Föll, Oliver Schilling","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Proteolytic processing is a fundamental post-translational modification. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) workflows are powerful for degradomic analyses but inherently sacrifice spatial information, a critical aspect for investigating biological systems such as aberrant extracellular matrix remodeling and alterations of the tumor microenvironment. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) offers potential for fast spatial profiling, but MALDI imaging of tryptic peptides is still challenged by spectral crowding and restricted abilities for MALDI MS/MS identification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To address these limitations, we developed pyrene-conjugated 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (pyr-2PCA) tags for selective N-terminal labeling and enhanced detection sensitivity. The 2PCA reagent exclusively modifies N-terminal α-amines, not lysine ε-amines, as could be confirmed in MALDI-MS, with concentration-dependent side reactions minimized by dilution. A distinct reporter ion produced by 2PCA-labeled peptides in prm-PASEF (MALDI MS/MS) serves as a unique marker for successful labeling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The covalent conjugation of 2PCA with a pyrene structure results in the pyr-2PCA tag that enables matrix-free, label-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LALDI-MS) measurements of peptides. We demonstrate that labeling with a pyrene-coupled 2PCA tag (pyr-2PCA) prior to tryptic digestion results in the selective detection of N-terminal peptides in LALDI, with no significant off-target labeling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents the first presentation and characterization of this novel pyr-2PCA tag, thereby laying the groundwork and demonstrating its future potential for MALDI/LALDI-based in situ spatial N-terminomics to study proteolytic processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rcm.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146007742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Di Dong, Changjiu He, Tao Cui, Yudong Lu, Xuebing Qin
Rationale
In tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)–based proteomics, precise prediction of peptide spectra is key to improving peptide identification accuracy and the overall reliability of proteomic studies. However, existing theoretical MS/MS prediction methods are limited by their focus on predicting only b and y backbone fragment ions and their inability to effectively capture the complex long-range dependencies among distant residues within peptide sequences.
Methods
To address these issues, we propose DeepMultiIon, a novel prediction framework based on a mathematically grounded recursive attention mechanism, designed to enhance MS/MS spectral fitting and improve peptide detection sensitivity. By combining local chunking with recursive attention, the model enables deep modeling of long-range residue interactions and the corresponding fragment intensity dependencies. In addition to conventional b and y backbone fragment ions, DeepMultiIon further extends its predictive coverage to a ions and precursor ions, while also encompassing their neutral loss ions (–H2O, –NH3) and isotopic peaks, offering comprehensive coverage of all major spectral peak types.
Results
Performance is evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and entropy similarity (ES), with comparisons against b/y-only models such as Prosit, pDeep, and AlphaPeptDeep. Experimental results show that DeepMultiIon achieves notable improvements, with average increases of 0.18 in PCC and 0.22 in ES.
Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that incorporating recursive attention and multi-ion prediction significantly improve both the peak coverage and accuracy of theoretical MS/MS spectrum prediction, thereby enhancing peptide-spectrum fitting and contributing to improved peptide detection sensitivity, making DeepMultiIon a powerful tool for advanced proteomics analysis.
{"title":"Recursive Attention–Based Prediction of Theoretical MS/MS Spectra From Peptide Sequences","authors":"Di Dong, Changjiu He, Tao Cui, Yudong Lu, Xuebing Qin","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)–based proteomics, precise prediction of peptide spectra is key to improving peptide identification accuracy and the overall reliability of proteomic studies. However, existing theoretical MS/MS prediction methods are limited by their focus on predicting only b and y backbone fragment ions and their inability to effectively capture the complex long-range dependencies among distant residues within peptide sequences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To address these issues, we propose DeepMultiIon, a novel prediction framework based on a mathematically grounded recursive attention mechanism, designed to enhance MS/MS spectral fitting and improve peptide detection sensitivity. By combining local chunking with recursive attention, the model enables deep modeling of long-range residue interactions and the corresponding fragment intensity dependencies. In addition to conventional b and y backbone fragment ions, DeepMultiIon further extends its predictive coverage to a ions and precursor ions, while also encompassing their neutral loss ions (–H<sub>2</sub>O, –NH<sub>3</sub>) and isotopic peaks, offering comprehensive coverage of all major spectral peak types.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Performance is evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and entropy similarity (ES), with comparisons against b/y-only models such as Prosit, pDeep, and AlphaPeptDeep. Experimental results show that DeepMultiIon achieves notable improvements, with average increases of 0.18 in PCC and 0.22 in ES.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings demonstrate that incorporating recursive attention and multi-ion prediction significantly improve both the peak coverage and accuracy of theoretical MS/MS spectrum prediction, thereby enhancing peptide-spectrum fitting and contributing to improved peptide detection sensitivity, making DeepMultiIon a powerful tool for advanced proteomics analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146007743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stuart Umbo, Maria Box, Aviva Intveld, Jack Longman, Sevasti Modestou, Stacy A. Carolin, Daniel H. James, Alfredo Martínez-García, Carlos Peraza Lope, Mark Brenner, David Hodell, Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach
Rationale
Application of clumped isotope palaeothermometry to speleothems (carbonate cave deposits, e.g., stalagmites and flowstones) has been restricted largely to subaqueous samples because of kinetic fractionation processes that occur during subaerial speleothem formation, which lead to erroneously high inferred temperatures. Speleothems are spatially near-ubiquitous terrestrial archives that can be dated accurately over million-year timescales. Thus, wider application of the clumped isotope technique in speleothems could dramatically increase our understanding of terrestrial thermal history. In this study, we assessed the potential of speleothem drip cups (concave depressions at a stalagmite apex in which dripwater accumulates to create a subaqueous environment) to yield reliable palaeotemperature inferences.
Methods
We sampled along two isochronous layers that extend across both sides of a pronounced drip cup in stalagmite MAYA 22-7 from Cenote Ch'en Mul, Yucatán, Mexico, which was dated to 1650 ce ± 23 years. We measured bulk stable (δ18O and δ13C) and clumped (Δ47) isotope values at increasing distances from the drip cup centre to test for kinetic fractionation effects.
Results
Lower δ18O, δ13C, and higher Δ47 values were obtained from the drip cup's central subaqueous zone compared with the subaerial flanks, demonstrating reduced isotope fractionation in the subaqueous zone. Average clumped isotope temperatures (TΔ47) inferred from subaqueous drip cup samples are 1°C–2°C higher than modern cave temperatures and 3°C–7°C warmer than estimated formation paleotemperatures derived from nearby regional reconstructions and TEX86 analysis of our sample. This suggests a persistent degree of clumped isotope kinetic effects.
Conclusions
Despite persistent kinetic effects, lower inferred temperatures from subaqueous drip cup samples suggest closer to equilibrium precipitation compared with subaerial samples. We propose that drip cup carbonates have the potential to yield reliable palaeotemperatures and describe a widely applicable test for clumped isotope kinetic effects in speleothem drip cups by sampling across isochronous layers.
{"title":"Clumped Isotope Temperature Reconstruction Using Stalagmite Drip Cups","authors":"Stuart Umbo, Maria Box, Aviva Intveld, Jack Longman, Sevasti Modestou, Stacy A. Carolin, Daniel H. James, Alfredo Martínez-García, Carlos Peraza Lope, Mark Brenner, David Hodell, Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcm.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Application of clumped isotope palaeothermometry to speleothems (carbonate cave deposits, e.g., stalagmites and flowstones) has been restricted largely to subaqueous samples because of kinetic fractionation processes that occur during subaerial speleothem formation, which lead to erroneously high inferred temperatures. Speleothems are spatially near-ubiquitous terrestrial archives that can be dated accurately over million-year timescales. Thus, wider application of the clumped isotope technique in speleothems could dramatically increase our understanding of terrestrial thermal history. In this study, we assessed the potential of speleothem drip cups (concave depressions at a stalagmite apex in which dripwater accumulates to create a subaqueous environment) to yield reliable palaeotemperature inferences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sampled along two isochronous layers that extend across both sides of a pronounced drip cup in stalagmite MAYA 22-7 from Cenote Ch'en Mul, Yucatán, Mexico, which was dated to 1650 <span>ce</span> ± 23 years. We measured bulk stable (δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>13</sup>C) and clumped (Δ<sub>47</sub>) isotope values at increasing distances from the drip cup centre to test for kinetic fractionation effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lower δ<sup>18</sup>O, δ<sup>13</sup>C, and higher Δ<sub>47</sub> values were obtained from the drip cup's central subaqueous zone compared with the subaerial flanks, demonstrating reduced isotope fractionation in the subaqueous zone. Average clumped isotope temperatures (<i>T</i><sub>Δ47</sub>) inferred from subaqueous drip cup samples are 1°C–2°C higher than modern cave temperatures and 3°C–7°C warmer than estimated formation paleotemperatures derived from nearby regional reconstructions and TEX<sub>86</sub> analysis of our sample. This suggests a persistent degree of clumped isotope kinetic effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite persistent kinetic effects, lower inferred temperatures from subaqueous drip cup samples suggest closer to equilibrium precipitation compared with subaerial samples. We propose that drip cup carbonates have the potential to yield reliable palaeotemperatures and describe a widely applicable test for clumped isotope kinetic effects in speleothem drip cups by sampling across isochronous layers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146008028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Distribution patterns of foraminifera are controlled by environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, and nutrient concentrations in each water mass. Since trace elements to Ca ratios of marine microfossil calcite test of foraminifera record environmental and ecological habitat information, we used femtosecond (fs) LA-ICP-MS to obtain accurate chamber-by-chamber Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Na/Ca of four foraminifera species to clarify the impact of foraminiferal depth migration on paleoceanographic reconstruction. The Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios were measured with precision better than 5%, fulfilling the accuracy typically required for paleoceanographic reconstructions. We also examined the differences in element ratios due to the pretreatment cleaning methods for extracting accurate paleoceanographic information.
Methods
The fsLA-ICP-MS has the advantage of less matrix and instrumental element fractionation effects on elements with high condensation temperatures. We also applied the use of multiple carbonate standard materials for concentration standardization.
Results
The fsLA-ICP-MS analysis was optimized using a spot size of 30 μm or larger with a laser repetition frequency of 5 to 15 Hz in a circular analytical trajectory. A comparison between ultrasonic and oxidative cleaning protocols revealed that oxidative test cleaning with perchloric acid and hydrogen peroxide achieved higher reproducibility and more efficient impurity removal compared to ultrasonic cleaning with ultrapure water and methanol. Repeated analysis on the same chambers of two species, O. universa and P. obliquiloculata, yielded mean relative standard deviations for Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca of < 5%.
Conclusions
A quantitative method was rapidly developed for determination of Mg, Sr, and Na to ratios of biogenic carbonates of foraminifera. T. sacculifer showed no chamber-by-chamber Mg/Ca variation in calcifying temperature, but average test Mg/Ca temperature decreased by 1.4°C with the addition of the final sac-like chamber and final calcite layer. G. menardii showed a ~7°C difference among chambers suggesting upward migration in the shallow part of the thermocline.
{"title":"Chamber-by-Chamber Measurements of Planktonic Foraminiferal Mg, Sr, and Na to Ca Ratios With Femtosecond LA-ICP-MS","authors":"Toshihiro Yoshimura, Qing Chang, Naohiko Ohkouchi, Yoshiyuki Ishitani, Dana Ulanova, Hirotoshi Endo, Junichiro Kuroda, Yurika Ujiié","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcm.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Distribution patterns of foraminifera are controlled by environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, and nutrient concentrations in each water mass. Since trace elements to Ca ratios of marine microfossil calcite test of foraminifera record environmental and ecological habitat information, we used femtosecond (fs) LA-ICP-MS to obtain accurate chamber-by-chamber Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Na/Ca of four foraminifera species to clarify the impact of foraminiferal depth migration on paleoceanographic reconstruction. The Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios were measured with precision better than 5%, fulfilling the accuracy typically required for paleoceanographic reconstructions. We also examined the differences in element ratios due to the pretreatment cleaning methods for extracting accurate paleoceanographic information.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The fsLA-ICP-MS has the advantage of less matrix and instrumental element fractionation effects on elements with high condensation temperatures. We also applied the use of multiple carbonate standard materials for concentration standardization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The fsLA-ICP-MS analysis was optimized using a spot size of 30 μm or larger with a laser repetition frequency of 5 to 15 Hz in a circular analytical trajectory. A comparison between ultrasonic and oxidative cleaning protocols revealed that oxidative test cleaning with perchloric acid and hydrogen peroxide achieved higher reproducibility and more efficient impurity removal compared to ultrasonic cleaning with ultrapure water and methanol. Repeated analysis on the same chambers of two species, <i>O. universa</i> and <i>P. obliquiloculata</i>, yielded mean relative standard deviations for Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca of < 5%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A quantitative method was rapidly developed for determination of Mg, Sr, and Na to ratios of biogenic carbonates of foraminifera. <i>T. sacculifer</i> showed no chamber-by-chamber Mg/Ca variation in calcifying temperature, but average test Mg/Ca temperature decreased by 1.4°C with the addition of the final sac-like chamber and final calcite layer. <i>G. menardii</i> showed a ~7°C difference among chambers suggesting upward migration in the shallow part of the thermocline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12816436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146002785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Ten. ex Breitenb. is a perennial herb that has a long history of use in traditional Chinese therapy due to its diverse pharmacological activities including antiemetic, antitussive, and anti-tumor activities. Characterization and quality control of P. ternata will be challenging due to its highly complex and diverse chemical composition.
Methods
In this study, we utilized microwave plasma torch desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MPT-MS) for the first time to investigate P. ternata for the purpose of direct in situ analysis of individual samples. Chemical analysis of P. ternata was performed without pretreatment, while accurately identifying classes of chemical constituents, including alkaloids, organic acids, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids. Meanwhile, tandem MPT-MS was used to verification Compounds got in MPT-MS.
Results
Results yielded reproducible and unique chemical fingerprints that reflected the overall chemical composition of P. ternata. Forty-one compounds were detected, including alkaloids, organic acids, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids.
Conclusion
MPT-MS facilitates rapid and direct characterization and quality assessment of this medicinal herb promoting better safety and reliability for clinical uses.
{"title":"Microwave Plasma Torch Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Chemical Constituents of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Ten. ex Breitenb.","authors":"Jiarui Gao","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Pinellia ternata</i> (Thunb.) Ten. ex Breitenb. is a perennial herb that has a long history of use in traditional Chinese therapy due to its diverse pharmacological activities including antiemetic, antitussive, and anti-tumor activities. Characterization and quality control of <i>P. ternata</i> will be challenging due to its highly complex and diverse chemical composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we utilized microwave plasma torch desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MPT-MS) for the first time to investigate <i>P. ternata</i> for the purpose of direct in situ analysis of individual samples. Chemical analysis of <i>P. ternata</i> was performed without pretreatment, while accurately identifying classes of chemical constituents, including alkaloids, organic acids, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids. Meanwhile, tandem MPT-MS was used to verification Compounds got in MPT-MS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results yielded reproducible and unique chemical fingerprints that reflected the overall chemical composition of <i>P. ternata</i>. Forty-one compounds were detected, including alkaloids, organic acids, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MPT-MS facilitates rapid and direct characterization and quality assessment of this medicinal herb promoting better safety and reliability for clinical uses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145970017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingqin Liu, Xiaobao Lv, Chaojun Li, Ping Xing, Lin Ling, Hao-Yang Wang
Rationale
Many perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl sulfonic/sulfinic acids and their derivatives are classified as perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). The use of mass spectrometry techniques to analyze these compounds has attracted considerable research attention.
Methods
In this article, we employed high-resolution electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS/MS) and all-ion fragmentation (AIF) in negative ion mode to investigate gas-phase F-atom migration reactions of various perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl sulfonic/sulfinic anions, particularly those yielding FSO3− or FSO2−.
Results
HR-ESI-MS/MS of CF3SO3− yielded an unexpected product ion FSO3−, representing a distinct pathway of gas-phase F-atom migration from C-atom to S-atom accompanied by the loss of CF2. Similarly, HR-ESI-MS/MS of CF3SO2− produced a dominant product ion FSO2− also via CF2 elimination. Complementary ESI-MS/MS and AIF experiments on these anions confirmed that FSO2− and/or FSO3− are their characteristic fragmentation ions.
Conclusion
Theoretical calculations of gas-phase reactions CF3SO3− → FSO3− + CF2 and CF3SO2− → FSO2− + CF2 were performed to investigate the possible F-atom migration mechanisms. These results show that FSO3− at m/z 99 and/or FSO2− at m/z 83 could serve as diagnostic ions for structural elucidation of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl sulfonic/sulfinic acids and their derivatives in non-target PFASs analyses by using mass spectrometry.
许多全氟烷基和多氟烷基磺酸/亚磺酸及其衍生物被归类为全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）。使用质谱技术分析这些化合物已经引起了相当大的研究关注。方法采用高分辨率电喷雾电离串联质谱法（HR-ESI-MS/MS）和负离子模式下的全离子碎片化（AIF）研究了各种全氟烷基和多氟烷基磺酸/亚磺酸阴离子的气相f原子迁移反应，特别是产生FSO3 -或FSO2 -的阴离子。结果CF3SO3−的HR-ESI-MS/MS得到了一个意想不到的产物离子FSO3−，代表了气相f原子从c原子迁移到s原子的独特途径，同时伴有CF2的损失。同样，HR-ESI-MS/MS的CF3SO2−也通过CF2消除产生优势产物离子FSO2−。对这些阴离子进行ESI-MS/MS和AIF互补实验，证实FSO2 -和/或FSO3 -是它们的特征破碎离子。结论对CF3SO3−→FSO3−+ CF2和CF3SO2−→FSO2−+ CF2的气相反应进行了理论计算，探讨了可能的f原子迁移机制。这些结果表明，FSO3 - at m/ z99和/或FSO2 - at m/ z83可以作为诊断离子，用于非靶PFASs分析中的全氟烷基和多氟烷基磺酸/亚磺酸及其衍生物的结构解析。
{"title":"Gas-Phase F-Atom Migration Reactions of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Sulfonic/Sulfinic Anions","authors":"Qingqin Liu, Xiaobao Lv, Chaojun Li, Ping Xing, Lin Ling, Hao-Yang Wang","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl sulfonic/sulfinic acids and their derivatives are classified as perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). The use of mass spectrometry techniques to analyze these compounds has attracted considerable research attention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this article, we employed high-resolution electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS/MS) and all-ion fragmentation (AIF) in negative ion mode to investigate gas-phase F-atom migration reactions of various perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl sulfonic/sulfinic anions, particularly those yielding FSO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> or FSO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HR-ESI-MS/MS of CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> yielded an unexpected product ion FSO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, representing a distinct pathway of gas-phase F-atom migration from C-atom to S-atom accompanied by the loss of CF<sub>2</sub>. Similarly, HR-ESI-MS/MS of CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> produced a dominant product ion FSO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> also via CF<sub>2</sub> elimination. Complementary ESI-MS/MS and AIF experiments on these anions confirmed that FSO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> and/or FSO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> are their characteristic fragmentation ions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Theoretical calculations of gas-phase reactions CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> → FSO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + CF<sub>2</sub> and CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> → FSO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> + CF<sub>2</sub> were performed to investigate the possible F-atom migration mechanisms. These results show that FSO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> at <i>m/z</i> 99 and/or FSO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> at <i>m/z</i> 83 could serve as diagnostic ions for structural elucidation of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl sulfonic/sulfinic acids and their derivatives in non-target PFASs analyses by using mass spectrometry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145987047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Compounds-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) is an advanced tool for assessing the sources and fates of organic amines in environments. The use of gas chromatography–combustion–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) remains constrained by the thermal stability, high polarity, and the typically low environmental concentrations of organic amines.
Methods
The development of suitable derivatization strategies for polar organic amines can broaden the applicability of GC-C-IRMS. To establish a nitrogen stable isotope analytical method for polar organic amines in the atmosphere, derivatization with isobutyl chloroformate (IBCF) reagent was adopted. Method performance was evaluated using six aliphatic amines and three aromatic amines.
Results
The derivatization method demonstrated good reproducibility, high linearity, and no detectable isotopic fractionation. Accurate and precise nitrogen stable isotope measurements were achieved using the IBCF derivatization reagent. Deviations of δ15N values from reference measurements obtained by elemental analyzer–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) were small (< 0.3‰) and within the typical uncertainty of GC-C-IRMS (< 0.6‰). Method detection limits (MDLs) for the nine organic amines ranged from 2.06 to 4.12 nmol N injected on column.
Conclusions
The applicability of the developed method was demonstrated through analysis of atmospheric methylamine (MA). The measured δ15N values of MA varied significantly across sources, ranging from −11.6‰ to −9.1‰ for vehicular exhaust, −20.2‰ to −15.7‰ for coastal samples, and −26.7‰ to −22.2‰ for municipal solid waste sanitary sources, indicating that δ15N values effectively distinguish MA sources.
{"title":"Nitrogen Isotope Analysis of Aliphatic and Aromatic Amines by GC-C-IRMS and the Application for Tracing Atmospheric Organic Amine Sources","authors":"Heizeng Chen, Zicong Wang, Meicheng Wen, Jukun Xiong, Qinhao Lin, Guiying Li, Taicheng An","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compounds-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) is an advanced tool for assessing the sources and fates of organic amines in environments. The use of gas chromatography–combustion–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) remains constrained by the thermal stability, high polarity, and the typically low environmental concentrations of organic amines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The development of suitable derivatization strategies for polar organic amines can broaden the applicability of GC-C-IRMS. To establish a nitrogen stable isotope analytical method for polar organic amines in the atmosphere, derivatization with isobutyl chloroformate (IBCF) reagent was adopted. Method performance was evaluated using six aliphatic amines and three aromatic amines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The derivatization method demonstrated good reproducibility, high linearity, and no detectable isotopic fractionation. Accurate and precise nitrogen stable isotope measurements were achieved using the IBCF derivatization reagent. Deviations of <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N values from reference measurements obtained by elemental analyzer–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) were small (< 0.3‰) and within the typical uncertainty of GC-C-IRMS (< 0.6‰). Method detection limits (MDLs) for the nine organic amines ranged from 2.06 to 4.12 nmol N injected on column.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The applicability of the developed method was demonstrated through analysis of atmospheric methylamine (MA). The measured <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N values of MA varied significantly across sources, ranging from −11.6‰ to −9.1‰ for vehicular exhaust, −20.2‰ to −15.7‰ for coastal samples, and −26.7‰ to −22.2‰ for municipal solid waste sanitary sources, indicating that <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N values effectively distinguish MA sources.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145983838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linaclotide is an important peptide drug used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). However, structurally related impurities in peptide drugs can be generated during synthesis, storage, or transport, which compromise the quality and safety. Therefore, developing a highly sensitive analytical method for impurity detection is of great significance.
Methods
A liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was developed. Linaclotide samples were directly analyzed using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operated in positive ion mode. Tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation was utilized. The method leveraged high mass accuracy to identify and quantify structurally related peptide impurities in linaclotide samples from different manufacturers.
Results
The method was applied to characterize the peptide impurities in linaclotide study materials. In manufacturer A's material, [Des-Tyr14]-linaclotide was found at 0.453 mg/g. The same impurity was found in manufacturer B's material at 0.768 mg/g, as well as another impurity [endo-Ala9]-linaclotide at 0.555 mg/g.
Conclusions
The developed LC-HRMS method successfully addresses the challenge of determining structurally related peptide impurities in linaclotide. Its ability to characterize specific impurities provides a valuable complement to existing quality control strategies for peptide therapeutics.
{"title":"Identification and Quantification of Structurally Related Peptide Impurity in Linaclotide by Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Jinlan Cheng, Tianji Zhang, Xinling Cui, Peize Wu, Ming Li, Wenrui Hu, Xueting Dai, Xuesong Feng","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Linaclotide is an important peptide drug used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). However, structurally related impurities in peptide drugs can be generated during synthesis, storage, or transport, which compromise the quality and safety. Therefore, developing a highly sensitive analytical method for impurity detection is of great significance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was developed. Linaclotide samples were directly analyzed using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operated in positive ion mode. Tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation was utilized. The method leveraged high mass accuracy to identify and quantify structurally related peptide impurities in linaclotide samples from different manufacturers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The method was applied to characterize the peptide impurities in linaclotide study materials. In manufacturer A's material, [Des-Tyr<sup>14</sup>]-linaclotide was found at 0.453 mg/g. The same impurity was found in manufacturer B's material at 0.768 mg/g, as well as another impurity [endo-Ala<sup>9</sup>]-linaclotide at 0.555 mg/g.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The developed LC-HRMS method successfully addresses the challenge of determining structurally related peptide impurities in linaclotide. Its ability to characterize specific impurities provides a valuable complement to existing quality control strategies for peptide therapeutics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145987104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Strahil Berkov, Rumen Denev, David Kok, Jean Paulo de Andrade, Boriana Sidjimova, Luciana R. Tallini, Laura Torras-Claveria, Ahmed Hussein, Jaume Bastida
Rationale
The search for novel natural compounds and the identification of known ones is a challenge for the scientists working in different fields of plant science. Due to its accessibility, GC–MS is the most frequently applied method for analysis of extracts and fractions from plants of the subfamily Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae s.s.), known as a source of molecules with potent anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-tumour, and antiprotozoal activities.
Methods
Thirty-four standard alkaloids with haemanthamine- and crinine-type scaffolds were subjected to electron impact gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to determine their fragmentation patterns. Additionally, underivatised and silylated alkaloid fractions from several Amaryllidoideae plants were also analysed by GC–MS.
Results
Most of the compounds showed excellent separation and specific MS fragmentation allowing rapid structural determination. The degree of saturation of ring C and the substituents at C3, C6, and C11 impact the fragmentation of these molecules. GC–MS allowed differentiation of the epimers at C3. Silylation of compounds with hydroxyl groups at C6 and C11 improved the resolution, especially of C6-OH epimers. Analyses of alkaloid fractions from different Amaryllidaceae plants resulted in the tentative identification of five new alkaloids on the basis of their fragmentation pattern and comparison of their mass spectra with those of standard compounds.
Conclusions
GC–MS can be effectively employed for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds and the identification of known ones, as well as for chemotaxonomic and chemoecological studies, among other applications, within the Amaryllidoideae subfamily.
{"title":"GC–MS of Some Haemanthamine- and Crinine-Type Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids","authors":"Strahil Berkov, Rumen Denev, David Kok, Jean Paulo de Andrade, Boriana Sidjimova, Luciana R. Tallini, Laura Torras-Claveria, Ahmed Hussein, Jaume Bastida","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The search for novel natural compounds and the identification of known ones is a challenge for the scientists working in different fields of plant science. Due to its accessibility, GC–MS is the most frequently applied method for analysis of extracts and fractions from plants of the subfamily Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae <i>s.s</i>.), known as a source of molecules with potent anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-tumour, and antiprotozoal activities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-four standard alkaloids with haemanthamine- and crinine-type scaffolds were subjected to electron impact gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to determine their fragmentation patterns. Additionally, underivatised and silylated alkaloid fractions from several Amaryllidoideae plants were also analysed by GC–MS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most of the compounds showed excellent separation and specific MS fragmentation allowing rapid structural determination. The degree of saturation of ring C and the substituents at C3, C6, and C11 impact the fragmentation of these molecules. GC–MS allowed differentiation of the epimers at C3. Silylation of compounds with hydroxyl groups at C6 and C11 improved the resolution, especially of C6-OH epimers. Analyses of alkaloid fractions from different Amaryllidaceae plants resulted in the tentative identification of five new alkaloids on the basis of their fragmentation pattern and comparison of their mass spectra with those of standard compounds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>GC–MS can be effectively employed for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds and the identification of known ones, as well as for chemotaxonomic and chemoecological studies, among other applications, within the Amaryllidoideae subfamily.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145983837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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