Zircon Zr isotopic variations hold great potential for tracing magmatic crystallization and differentiation processes, although the mechanisms of Zr isotopic fractionation remain highly debated. High spatial resolution, nearly non-destructive Zr isotopic analysis of zircon, allows for a more detailed investigation of Zr isotopic variations in structurally complex or tiny zircons.
Methods
This study systematically optimized key parameters (e.g., primary beam current, beam diameter, raster size,and signal acquisition time) and further evaluated the topography effect using dynamic transfer parameters, ultimately establishing a high spatial resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) method for zircon Zr isotope microanalysis.
Results
The internal precision (twice the standard error [2SE]) for δ94Zr measurements in zircon reference materials (i.e., Mudtank, Penglai, Plešovice, Tanz) ranged from 0.07‰ to 0.16‰, with external reproducibility better than 0.15‰ (twice the standard deviation [2SD]). The Zr isotopic compositions of reference materials measured by SIMS agree remarkably well with the recommended values by double-spike solution methods. Our method consumes ~0.05 ng of mineral material in a single spot analysis with a high spatial resolution of ~10 × 9 μm2 and a pit depth of ~0.5 μm.
Conclusions
This nearly nondestructive technique is suitable for analyzing structurally complex or precious samples, such as zircon from lunar soil, advancing the study of magmatic processes.
{"title":"High Spatial Resolution (< 10 μm) Zircon SIMS Zr Isotope Analysis","authors":"Sheng He, Yang Li, Liguang Wu, Xianhua Li","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcm.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Zircon Zr isotopic variations hold great potential for tracing magmatic crystallization and differentiation processes, although the mechanisms of Zr isotopic fractionation remain highly debated. High spatial resolution, nearly non-destructive Zr isotopic analysis of zircon, allows for a more detailed investigation of Zr isotopic variations in structurally complex or tiny zircons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study systematically optimized key parameters (e.g., primary beam current, beam diameter, raster size,and signal acquisition time) and further evaluated the topography effect using dynamic transfer parameters, ultimately establishing a high spatial resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) method for zircon Zr isotope microanalysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The internal precision (twice the standard error [2SE]) for δ<sup>94</sup>Zr measurements in zircon reference materials (i.e., Mudtank, Penglai, Plešovice, Tanz) ranged from 0.07‰ to 0.16‰, with external reproducibility better than 0.15‰ (twice the standard deviation [2SD]). The Zr isotopic compositions of reference materials measured by SIMS agree remarkably well with the recommended values by double-spike solution methods. Our method consumes ~0.05 ng of mineral material in a single spot analysis with a high spatial resolution of ~10 × 9 μm<sup>2</sup> and a pit depth of ~0.5 μm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This nearly nondestructive technique is suitable for analyzing structurally complex or precious samples, such as zircon from lunar soil, advancing the study of magmatic processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145809113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Rolando Aronés Jara, Rosy Yesela Mancilla Santa Cruz, Kirianova Godoy Bautista, Edgar Cárdenas Landeo, Edith Eveling Conislla Cáceres, Hugo Roberto Luna Molero, Juan Clímaco Paniagua Segovia, Anas Rashid, María Segunda Aurora Prado
Rationale
Niphidium crassifolium (Linnaeus) Lellinger is a fern from the Polypodiaceae family, native to Central and South America, with traditional uses in herbal medicine. Despite its recognized ethnomedical value, its phytochemical composition has not been extensively studied. This pioneering work aimed to determine the metabolite profile from rhizomes of N. crassifolium, to quantify the contents of phenols and flavonoids, and to evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
Methods
Metabolite characterization was performed using LC-MS/MS, while radical scavenging activity (DPPH• and ABTS•+ assays) was used to estimate in vitro antioxidant potential. Trolox was used as reference standard in both assays. Phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity were evaluated in four anatomical parts: complete rhizome, proximal rhizome, distal rhizome, and adventitious root.
Results
This study identified the presence of saponins, phytoecdysteroids, flavones, phenolic acids, and phenolic glycosides. Proximal rhizome exhibited the highest phenolic content (264.6 ± 0.15 mg GAE/g), whereas adventitious root showed the highest flavonoid content (54.0 ± 0.47 mg RUE/g). Median effective concentration of proximal rhizome was 50.4 ± 0.03 μg/mL (DPPH•) and 310.7 ± 1.9 μg/mL (ABTS•+), compared to Trolox values of 37.4 ± 0.01 μg/mL and 155.0 ± 0.3 μg/mL, respectively (p < 0.05). Despite slightly higher EC50 values than Trolox, proximal rhizome's antioxidant capacity was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Plant exhibited selective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (inhibition halo, 16.5 ± 0.09 mm; minimum inhibitory concentration, 13 370 μg/mL) and Bacillus spizizenii ATCC 6633 (inhibition halo, 12.6 ± 0.40 mm; minimum inhibitory concentration, 3 230 μg/mL).
Conclusions
These findings underscore the value of N. crassifolium as a promising source of antioxidant and antibacterial compounds. Data support its ethnomedical applications and underscore the potential for development into natural therapeutic agents targeting oxidative stress and Gram-positive infections that pave the way for future pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development.
{"title":"UHPLC-MS/MS Comprehensive Phytochemical Investigation of Niphidium crassifolium Rhizome: Bioactivity Assessment With Insights Into In Vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potentials","authors":"Marco Rolando Aronés Jara, Rosy Yesela Mancilla Santa Cruz, Kirianova Godoy Bautista, Edgar Cárdenas Landeo, Edith Eveling Conislla Cáceres, Hugo Roberto Luna Molero, Juan Clímaco Paniagua Segovia, Anas Rashid, María Segunda Aurora Prado","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcm.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Niphidium crassifolium</i> (Linnaeus) Lellinger is a fern from the <i>Polypodiaceae</i> family, native to Central and South America, with traditional uses in herbal medicine. Despite its recognized ethnomedical value, its phytochemical composition has not been extensively studied. This pioneering work aimed to determine the metabolite profile from rhizomes of <i>N. crassifolium</i>, to quantify the contents of phenols and flavonoids, and to evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metabolite characterization was performed using LC-MS/MS, while radical scavenging activity (DPPH<sup>•</sup> and ABTS<sup>•+</sup> assays) was used to estimate in vitro antioxidant potential. Trolox was used as reference standard in both assays. Phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity were evaluated in four anatomical parts: complete rhizome, proximal rhizome, distal rhizome, and adventitious root.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study identified the presence of saponins, phytoecdysteroids, flavones, phenolic acids, and phenolic glycosides. Proximal rhizome exhibited the highest phenolic content (264.6 ± 0.15 mg GAE/g), whereas adventitious root showed the highest flavonoid content (54.0 ± 0.47 mg RUE/g). Median effective concentration of proximal rhizome was 50.4 ± 0.03 μg/mL (DPPH<sup>•</sup>) and 310.7 ± 1.9 μg/mL (ABTS<sup>•+</sup>), compared to Trolox values of 37.4 ± 0.01 μg/mL and 155.0 ± 0.3 μg/mL, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Despite slightly higher EC<sub>50</sub> values than Trolox, proximal rhizome's antioxidant capacity was statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Plant exhibited selective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 6538 (inhibition halo, 16.5 ± 0.09 mm; minimum inhibitory concentration, 13 370 μg/mL) and <i>Bacillus spizizenii</i> ATCC 6633 (inhibition halo, 12.6 ± 0.40 mm; minimum inhibitory concentration, 3 230 μg/mL).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings underscore the value of <i>N. crassifolium</i> as a promising source of antioxidant and antibacterial compounds. Data support its ethnomedical applications and underscore the potential for development into natural therapeutic agents targeting oxidative stress and Gram-positive infections that pave the way for future pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145809266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For global safety, an effective control and usage of chemical toxins related to chemical warfare agents (CWAs) is of critical importance. Rapid identification of these toxins, their degradation products, and synthetic precursors across various sample matrices is essential. This study focuses on the swift and trace-level identification of N,N-dialkylacetimidamides (amidines), which serve as both precursors and degradation products of Novichoks. These chemicals are listed as nonscheduled reportable chemicals (Schedule 1.A.13 and 1.A.14) under the Chemical Weapon Convention (CWC) by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).
Method
A high-resolution positive ion mode electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS and MS/MS) is employed for the identification and structural characterization of a series of amidines (1–10).
Results
The product ion spectra of all the amidines showed common fragment ions corresponding to [C2H4N]+, [MH-C2H3N]+, and [MH-R2NH2]+. Characterization of isomeric compounds was accomplished by unique fragment ions and differences in the relative intensity of common fragment ions at a collision energy (20 eV). These data have been successfully utilized for the identification of N,N-diisopropylacetimidamide and N-methyl-N-propylacetimidamide in the 56th and 57th OPCW official proficiency test samples, respectively.
Conclusion
A series of amidines (1–10) including three isomeric sets (3–5, 6–7, and 8–10) were synthesized and characterized by ESI-HRMS and MS/MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic methods. All the isomeric compounds were differentiated based on their tandem mass spectral data. This method was successfully demonstrated to identify spiked amidines in the 56th and 57th OPCW official proficiency test samples.
{"title":"Mass Spectral Studies of N,N-Dialkylacetimidamides Using ESI-HRMS and MS/MS","authors":"S. Babu Dadinaboyina, Pranay Renukuntla, Ramunaidu Addipilli, Nikita Singh M, Manasa Masna, Sandhya Bobbali, Swarajya Lakshmi Vattem Venkata, Srinivas Kantevari, Jagadeshwar Reddy Thota","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70015","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcm.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For global safety, an effective control and usage of chemical toxins related to chemical warfare agents (CWAs) is of critical importance. Rapid identification of these toxins, their degradation products, and synthetic precursors across various sample matrices is essential. This study focuses on the swift and trace-level identification of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dialkylacetimidamides (amidines), which serve as both precursors and degradation products of Novichoks. These chemicals are listed as nonscheduled reportable chemicals (Schedule 1.A.13 and 1.A.14) under the Chemical Weapon Convention (CWC) by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A high-resolution positive ion mode electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS and MS/MS) is employed for the identification and structural characterization of a series of amidines (<b>1</b>–<b>10</b>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The product ion spectra of all the amidines showed common fragment ions corresponding to [C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>N]<sup>+</sup>, [MH-C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>N]<sup>+</sup>, and [MH-R<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>. Characterization of isomeric compounds was accomplished by unique fragment ions and differences in the relative intensity of common fragment ions at a collision energy (20 eV). These data have been successfully utilized for the identification of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diisopropylacetimidamide and <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-propylacetimidamide in the 56th and 57th OPCW official proficiency test samples, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A series of amidines (<b>1</b>–<b>10</b>) including three isomeric sets (<b>3–5</b>, <b>6–7</b>, and <b>8–10)</b> were synthesized and characterized by ESI-HRMS and MS/MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H NMR) spectroscopic methods. All the isomeric compounds were differentiated based on their tandem mass spectral data. This method was successfully demonstrated to identify spiked amidines in the 56th and 57th OPCW official proficiency test samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145814874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Darian H. Yee, Rustam Mukhtarov, Aashi D. Sharma, Chen Lin, Bingyun Sun
Rationale
Human hair shafts have received increased research interest owing to their easy accessibility and potential as a window for human health. Because the most abundant component in hair is protein, proteomics is a promising tool for studying the molecular composition of hair shafts. As one of the most sophisticated biomaterials, hair shafts also possess unique structures, particularly keratin intermediate filaments, posing challenges for proteomic sample processing. Previously, we discovered that incomplete trypsin proteolysis increased keratin sequence coverage but resulted in an abnormal stoichiometry between types I and II cuticular keratins (PMCID: 12130615).
Methods
In the present study, we explored the potential to re-examine the human hair proteome through pepsin proteolysis and evaluate whether the previously observed type II to type I keratin ratio was due to enzyme biases introduced particularly by trypsin digestion.
Results
After optimizing the pepsin digestion conditions, we not only confirmed that previous bias was indeed contributed by trypsin but also discovered that pepsin was more effective at identifying keratin-associated proteins, another main protein component than keratins in human hair shafts.
Conclusions
Spectral counting on trypsin-based proteomics has been widely used to study the stoichiometry of protein complexes. For the first time, we confirmed a large bias caused by the trypsin enzyme in spectral counting. We further demonstrated that the use of pepsin can effectively correct such bias. In addition, we discovered that pepsin digestion can better identify keratin-associated proteins than trypsin proteolysis, which offers another effective tool for studying the hair proteome.
{"title":"Pepsin Digestion for Proteomic Studies of the Human Hair Shaft","authors":"Darian H. Yee, Rustam Mukhtarov, Aashi D. Sharma, Chen Lin, Bingyun Sun","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcm.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human hair shafts have received increased research interest owing to their easy accessibility and potential as a window for human health. Because the most abundant component in hair is protein, proteomics is a promising tool for studying the molecular composition of hair shafts. As one of the most sophisticated biomaterials, hair shafts also possess unique structures, particularly keratin intermediate filaments, posing challenges for proteomic sample processing. Previously, we discovered that incomplete trypsin proteolysis increased keratin sequence coverage but resulted in an abnormal stoichiometry between types I and II cuticular keratins (PMCID: 12130615).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the present study, we explored the potential to re-examine the human hair proteome through pepsin proteolysis and evaluate whether the previously observed type II to type I keratin ratio was due to enzyme biases introduced particularly by trypsin digestion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After optimizing the pepsin digestion conditions, we not only confirmed that previous bias was indeed contributed by trypsin but also discovered that pepsin was more effective at identifying keratin-associated proteins, another main protein component than keratins in human hair shafts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spectral counting on trypsin-based proteomics has been widely used to study the stoichiometry of protein complexes. For the first time, we confirmed a large bias caused by the trypsin enzyme in spectral counting. We further demonstrated that the use of pepsin can effectively correct such bias. In addition, we discovered that pepsin digestion can better identify keratin-associated proteins than trypsin proteolysis, which offers another effective tool for studying the hair proteome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12723731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145809176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light sources for lithography, tin droplets are used as target material and evaporate during plasma generation, leading to tin deposition on surrounding surfaces. A widely used method to remove surface-bound tin involves exposure to hydrogen plasma, resulting in the formation of stannane (SnH4). As a volatile compound, stannane is efficiently pumped out of the system; however, it may also decompose upon contact with surfaces, potentially leading to secondary tin contamination. Despite its relevance in this field, the pathways of stannane formation and decomposition remain only partially understood. Owing to the near absence of mass spectrometric data, comprehensive reference measurements had to be established as part of this study. Mass spectrometry proves to be a suitable technique for the analysis and characterization of tin hydrides, as previously outlined. In order to better understand the etching mechanism of elemental tin exposed to a hydrogen plasma, a laboratory-scale experiment was performed to identify and characterize both neutral and ionic tin hydride compounds. All ten natural isotopes of tin, along with tin hydride fragments, are exhibited by the experimental mass spectra. These species are observed as both native ions, which are formed directly in the plasma, and secondary products, which are generated through electron ionization within the ion source. The relative distribution of the fragments is calculated from the isotopically superimposed mass signals using the custom analysis program RASP. The results of the experimental analysis demonstrate the notable presence of oxygen-containing species in the plasma-generated stannanes. It is of particular significance that our findings underscore the importance of surface reactions in the formation of these oxygenated species, offering valuable insights into the complexities of plasma-surface interactions.
{"title":"Detection and Characterization of Plasma-Generated Stannane: Influence of Surface Composition on Species Formation","authors":"Joshua Rieger, Thorsten Benter, Hendrik Kersten","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcm.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light sources for lithography, tin droplets are used as target material and evaporate during plasma generation, leading to tin deposition on surrounding surfaces. A widely used method to remove surface-bound tin involves exposure to hydrogen plasma, resulting in the formation of stannane (SnH<sub>4</sub>). As a volatile compound, stannane is efficiently pumped out of the system; however, it may also decompose upon contact with surfaces, potentially leading to secondary tin contamination. Despite its relevance in this field, the pathways of stannane formation and decomposition remain only partially understood. Owing to the near absence of mass spectrometric data, comprehensive reference measurements had to be established as part of this study. Mass spectrometry proves to be a suitable technique for the analysis and characterization of tin hydrides, as previously outlined. In order to better understand the etching mechanism of elemental tin exposed to a hydrogen plasma, a laboratory-scale experiment was performed to identify and characterize both neutral and ionic tin hydride compounds. All ten natural isotopes of tin, along with tin hydride fragments, are exhibited by the experimental mass spectra. These species are observed as both native ions, which are formed directly in the plasma, and secondary products, which are generated through electron ionization within the ion source. The relative distribution of the fragments is calculated from the isotopically superimposed mass signals using the custom analysis program RASP. The results of the experimental analysis demonstrate the notable presence of oxygen-containing species in the plasma-generated stannanes. It is of particular significance that our findings underscore the importance of surface reactions in the formation of these oxygenated species, offering valuable insights into the complexities of plasma-surface interactions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145809149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camin, F., Besic, D., Brewer, P., Allison, C., Coplen, T., Dunn, P., Gehre, M., Gröning, M., Meijer, H.-A.-J, Hélie, J.-F., Iacumin, P., Kraft, R., Krajnc, B., Kümmel, S., Lee, S., Meija, J., Mester, Z., Mohn, J., Moossen, H., Qi, H., Skrzypek, G., Sperlich, P., Viallon, J., Wassenaar, L. and Wielgosz, R. (2025). Stable Isotope Reference Materials and Scale Definitions—Outcomes of the 2024 IAEA Experts Meeting. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom, 39: e10018, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.10018.
We apologize for this error.
The CIAAW-IUPAC endorsed all isotope delta scale definitions appearing in Camin et al. (2025) and agreed to publish the current and all future updates and corrections to these definitions on its website (www.ciaaw.org).
Camin， F., Besic， D., Brewer， P., Allison， C., Coplen， T., Dunn， P., Gehre， M., Gröning， M., Meijer， H.-A。-J, hsamlie, j - f。， Iacumin， P., Kraft， R., Krajnc， B., k mmel， S., Lee， S., Meija， J., Mester， Z., Mohn， J., Moossen， H., Qi， H., Skrzypek， G., Sperlich， P., Viallon， J., Wassenaar， L.和Wielgosz， R.（2025）。稳定同位素标准物质和标度定义——2024年国际原子能机构专家会议成果。快速共质谱，39:e10018, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.10018。我们为这个错误道歉。CIAAW-IUPAC认可Camin et al.（2025）中出现的所有同位素三角洲尺度定义，并同意在其网站（www.ciaaw.org）上发布这些定义的当前和未来所有更新和更正。
{"title":"Correction to “Stable Isotope Reference Materials and Scale Definitions—Outcomes of the 2024 IAEA Experts Meeting”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70017","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcm.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Camin, F.</span>, <span>Besic, D.</span>, <span>Brewer, P.</span>, <span>Allison, C.</span>, <span>Coplen, T.</span>, <span>Dunn, P.</span>, <span>Gehre, M.</span>, <span>Gröning, M.</span>, <span>Meijer, H.-A.-J</span>, <span>Hélie, J.-F.</span>, <span>Iacumin, P.</span>, <span>Kraft, R.</span>, <span>Krajnc, B.</span>, <span>Kümmel, S.</span>, <span>Lee, S.</span>, <span>Meija, J.</span>, <span>Mester, Z.</span>, <span>Mohn, J.</span>, <span>Moossen, H.</span>, <span>Qi, H.</span>, <span>Skrzypek, G.</span>, <span>Sperlich, P.</span>, <span>Viallon, J.</span>, <span>Wassenaar, L.</span> and <span>Wielgosz, R.</span> (<span>2025</span>). <span>Stable Isotope Reference Materials and Scale Definitions—Outcomes of the 2024 IAEA Experts Meeting</span>. <i>Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom</i>, <span>39</span>: e10018, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.10018.\u0000 </p><p>We apologize for this error.</p><p>The CIAAW-IUPAC endorsed all isotope delta scale definitions appearing in Camin et al. (2025) and agreed to publish the current and all future updates and corrections to these definitions on its website (www.ciaaw.org).</p>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/rcm.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valentine Grimaudo, Andreas Riedo, Marek Tulej, Peter Wurz
Rationale
Laser ablation mass spectrometry provides fast and direct chemical information of solids with high spatial resolution without the need for complex sample preparation. It has been shown that reducing the laser pulse length below picoseconds improves the quantification of chemical composition measurements of solids. This study compares the impact on chemical quantification of applying femtosecond laser ablation from IR to UV wavelengths to a steel alloy sample from NIST.
Methods
A compact laser ablation ionisation mass spectrometer (LIMS), coupled to a fs laser ablation ion source with a fundamental laser wavelength of 775 nm, is used for the presented mass spectrometric results. The fundamental wavelength is frequency doubled or tripled to 387 and 258 nm, respectively. An extensive mass spectrometric campaign, comprising various laser pulse energies, was conducted using the NIST iron alloy standard reference material 664. The recorded element composition was compared with the NIST certified values.
Results
Chemical composition analysis demonstrated the presence of significant chemical inhomogeneity of the NIST reference samples at spatial scales of about 10 μm, particularly in Ti and S. Large deviations identified were avoided for the presented study. A score was calculated for each of the accumulated spectra, indicating how close the measured composition reflected the certified values. The results show only minor differences between the wavelengths applied for sufficiently high irradiances.
Conclusions
These studies conducted on steel alloy NIST SRM 664 demonstrate that the impact of laser wavelength on the quantification becomes only noticeable for low irradiances. At sufficiently high laser irradiances at around 3.1 TW/cm2 and beyond, comparable calibration coefficients can be observed.
{"title":"Wavelength Dependence of fs Laser Ablation Ionisation Mass Spectrometry: a Dedicated Study on NIST SRM 664","authors":"Valentine Grimaudo, Andreas Riedo, Marek Tulej, Peter Wurz","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/rcm.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Laser ablation mass spectrometry provides fast and direct chemical information of solids with high spatial resolution without the need for complex sample preparation. It has been shown that reducing the laser pulse length below picoseconds improves the quantification of chemical composition measurements of solids. This study compares the impact on chemical quantification of applying femtosecond laser ablation from IR to UV wavelengths to a steel alloy sample from NIST.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A compact laser ablation ionisation mass spectrometer (LIMS), coupled to a fs laser ablation ion source with a fundamental laser wavelength of 775 nm, is used for the presented mass spectrometric results. The fundamental wavelength is frequency doubled or tripled to 387 and 258 nm, respectively. An extensive mass spectrometric campaign, comprising various laser pulse energies, was conducted using the NIST iron alloy standard reference material 664. The recorded element composition was compared with the NIST certified values.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chemical composition analysis demonstrated the presence of significant chemical inhomogeneity of the NIST reference samples at spatial scales of about 10 μm, particularly in Ti and S. Large deviations identified were avoided for the presented study. A score was calculated for each of the accumulated spectra, indicating how close the measured composition reflected the certified values. The results show only minor differences between the wavelengths applied for sufficiently high irradiances.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These studies conducted on steel alloy NIST SRM 664 demonstrate that the impact of laser wavelength on the quantification becomes only noticeable for low irradiances. At sufficiently high laser irradiances at around 3.1 TW/cm<sup>2</sup> and beyond, comparable calibration coefficients can be observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12707028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145761765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ansar Babu Palathinkal, S. Farook Basha, Saraswathy Laya, Jahfar Nalakath, O. K. Praseen, Rasheed Naduvilakkandy, Marina Joseph, Shantymol V. Jose
Rationale
The growing emergence of synthetic opioids in the nitazene subclass such as butonitazene poses a significant challenge for doping control and toxicological monitoring. Butonitazene is a highly potent synthetic opioid, structurally distinct from classical opioids; its potential misuse in competitive events such as horse and camel racing cannot be overlooked. The in vitro metabolism of butonitazene was studied using camel liver, and findings were compared with metabolic profiles obtained from Cunninghamella elegans.
Methods
In vitro metabolic studies of butonitazene were conducted using homogenized camel liver and the fungus Cunninghamella elegans. A liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry method was used to identify and characterize the metabolites of butonitazene. Extracted metabolites were analyzed on a Thermo Fisher Orbitrap Exploris LC–MS system, renowned for its high resolution and accurate mass detection.
Results
A total of 17 Phase I and one Phase II metabolites were identified. The Phase I metabolism primarily involved N-dealkylation, O-dealkylation, and hydroxylation, whereas the Phase II metabolite was formed through the sulfonation of a hydroxylated Phase I metabolite. These metabolites demonstrate substantial potential as biomarkers for the long-term detection of butonitazene in doping control analysis.
Conclusion
The study utilized advanced high-resolution LC–MS techniques in identifying and characterizing the in vitro metabolites of butonitazene in camels. Given its high potency and its potential for misuse in competitive events, the identified metabolites provide a foundation for effective doping control measures, further enhancing regulatory frameworks designed to protect animal welfare and uphold the integrity of the sport.
{"title":"A Comparative In Vitro Metabolic Study of Butonitazene Using Camel Liver and Fungus Cunninghamella elegans for Doping Control Applications","authors":"Ansar Babu Palathinkal, S. Farook Basha, Saraswathy Laya, Jahfar Nalakath, O. K. Praseen, Rasheed Naduvilakkandy, Marina Joseph, Shantymol V. Jose","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The growing emergence of synthetic opioids in the nitazene subclass such as butonitazene poses a significant challenge for doping control and toxicological monitoring. Butonitazene is a highly potent synthetic opioid, structurally distinct from classical opioids; its potential misuse in competitive events such as horse and camel racing cannot be overlooked. The in vitro metabolism of butonitazene was studied using camel liver, and findings were compared with metabolic profiles obtained from <i>Cunninghamella elegans</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In vitro metabolic studies of butonitazene were conducted using homogenized camel liver and the fungus <i>Cunninghamella elegans</i>. A liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry method was used to identify and characterize the metabolites of butonitazene. Extracted metabolites were analyzed on a Thermo Fisher Orbitrap Exploris LC–MS system, renowned for its high resolution and accurate mass detection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 17 Phase I and one Phase II metabolites were identified. The Phase I metabolism primarily involved <i>N</i>-dealkylation, <i>O</i>-dealkylation, and hydroxylation, whereas the Phase II metabolite was formed through the sulfonation of a hydroxylated Phase I metabolite. These metabolites demonstrate substantial potential as biomarkers for the long-term detection of butonitazene in doping control analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study utilized advanced high-resolution LC–MS techniques in identifying and characterizing the in vitro metabolites of butonitazene in camels. Given its high potency and its potential for misuse in competitive events, the identified metabolites provide a foundation for effective doping control measures, further enhancing regulatory frameworks designed to protect animal welfare and uphold the integrity of the sport.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atmospheric PM2.5 affects climate by altering radiative forcing and harms human health. Organosulfates (OSs) intensify these impacts, as cloud condensation nuclei modify the radiation balance and increase toxicological risks. We synthesized OSs reference standards and optimized a sensitive UPLC–MS/MS method, enabling precise quantification to mitigate PM2.5 pollution on climate and health.
Methods
We synthesized five organosulfates (ethyl-, 3-methylbenzyl-, cyclohexyl-, benzyl-, and phenethyl sulfate) as reference standards. These, combined with four commercial standards (methyl-, phenyl-, octyl-, and 4-nitrophenyl sulfate), were quantified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Separation used a Waters HSS T3 column with a gradient mobile phase (0.1% formic acid in H2O/CH3OH). ESI in negative mode enabled sensitive MS/MS detection.
Results
A nine-point calibration curve ranging from 0.08 to 20 ng mL−1 of standards in solvent was used to establish instrument response. The method was validated by analysis of three replicate environmental samples fortified with 5 ng mL−1 of mixed standard. The recoveries of various OSs were 44%–126%, and their method detection limits were 0.10 ng mL−1 and the method limits of quantification were 0.50 ng mL−1.
Conclusions
The optimized UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was successfully applied for the determination of various OSs in PM2.5 collected from Tianjin, China. It enables the precise measurement of OSs in aerosols that provide a critical tool to improve air quality monitoring and develop strategies to reduce pollution-related health impacts.
大气PM2.5通过改变辐射强迫影响气候，危害人类健康。有机硫酸盐（OSs）加剧了这些影响，因为云凝结核改变了辐射平衡并增加了毒理学风险。我们综合了5种参考标准，并优化了一种灵敏的UPLC-MS /MS方法，实现了PM2.5的精确定量，从而减轻了PM2.5对气候和健康的影响。方法合成五种有机硫酸盐（乙基-、3-甲基苄基-、环己基-、苄基-和硫酸苯乙酯）作为参比标准。结合四种商业标准（甲基、苯基、辛基和4-硝基苯硫酸盐），采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离（ESI）串联质谱（UPLC-ESI-MS/MS）进行定量。分离采用Waters HSS T3色谱柱，梯度流动相（0.1%甲酸水溶液/CH3OH）。ESI在阴性模式下使敏感的MS/MS检测。结果在0.08 ~ 20 ng mL−1的标准溶剂中建立9点校准曲线，建立仪器响应。通过分析添加5 ng mL−1混合标准物的三个重复环境样品，验证了该方法。各os的加样回收率为44% ~ 126%，方法检出限为0.10 ng mL−1，定量限为0.50 ng mL−1。结论优化后的UPLC-ESI-MS/MS方法可用于天津地区PM2.5中各种os的测定。它能够精确测量气溶胶中的生态系统，为改善空气质量监测和制定减少与污染有关的健康影响的战略提供重要工具。
{"title":"Synthesis of Reference Standards and Optimization of UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Method for Quantification of Organosulfates in PM2.5","authors":"Zhichao Dong, Subba Rao Devineni, Xiaoli Fu, Zhanjie Xu, Mingyu Li, Pingqing Fu, Cong-Qiang Liu, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atmospheric PM<sub>2.5</sub> affects climate by altering radiative forcing and harms human health. Organosulfates (OSs) intensify these impacts, as cloud condensation nuclei modify the radiation balance and increase toxicological risks. We synthesized OSs reference standards and optimized a sensitive UPLC–MS/MS method, enabling precise quantification to mitigate PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution on climate and health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We synthesized five organosulfates (ethyl-, 3-methylbenzyl-, cyclohexyl-, benzyl-, and phenethyl sulfate) as reference standards. These, combined with four commercial standards (methyl-, phenyl-, octyl-, and 4-nitrophenyl sulfate), were quantified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Separation used a Waters HSS T3 column with a gradient mobile phase (0.1% formic acid in H<sub>2</sub>O/CH<sub>3</sub>OH). ESI in negative mode enabled sensitive MS/MS detection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A nine-point calibration curve ranging from 0.08 to 20 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> of standards in solvent was used to establish instrument response. The method was validated by analysis of three replicate environmental samples fortified with 5 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> of mixed standard. The recoveries of various OSs were 44%–126%, and their method detection limits were 0.10 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> and the method limits of quantification were 0.50 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The optimized UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was successfully applied for the determination of various OSs in PM<sub>2.5</sub> collected from Tianjin, China. It enables the precise measurement of OSs in aerosols that provide a critical tool to improve air quality monitoring and develop strategies to reduce pollution-related health impacts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isomerism is common in new psychoactive substances (NPSs). Due to insignificant differences in their structure and properties, NPS isomers are hard to separate and identify, posing challenges for forensic laboratories to accurately identify them. Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), a double-bond isomer of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), is synthesized from cannabidiol (CBD).
Methods
To explore the MS fragmentation pattern of Δ8-THC and Δ9-THC, we systematically investigated them by gas chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-Q-TOF/MS) and liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-Q-Orbitrap/MS).
Results
For GC-Q-TOF/MS analysis, significant differences in the ion abundance of the two characteristic ions at m/z 314 and 299 between these two isomers (Δ8-THC and Δ9-THC) stem from the varied stability of the free radicals they generate after losing an electron. Moreover, the ratio of the ion abundance of the fragment ions at m/z 314 and 299 can be utilized to recognize these two isomers. For LC-Q-Orbitrap/MS analysis, the fragmentation patterns of Δ8-THC were similar to those of Δ9-THC. Additional investigations by computational study revealed that Δ8-THC cationic radical can undergo a stepwise process like a retro Diels–Alder reaction to release an isoprene molecule directly but Δ9-THC via a double-hydrogen atoms transfer, shifting the location of carbon–carbon double bond, which indicates the different peaks at m/z 246 of Δ8-THC and 231 of Δ9-THC in EI-MS fragmentation processes.
Conclusions
Distinguishing accurately between Δ8-THC and Δ9-THC assists drug laboratories with in-depth analysis of drug sources, providing exact intelligence and scientific support to law enforcement.
{"title":"Differentiating Δ8-THC and Δ9-THC Isomers: Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Computational Explanation","authors":"Xing Ke, Xi Chen, Xianxin Chen, Hao Wu, Yilei Fan, Yu Xu, Jiawei Xu","doi":"10.1002/rcm.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Isomerism is common in new psychoactive substances (NPSs). Due to insignificant differences in their structure and properties, NPS isomers are hard to separate and identify, posing challenges for forensic laboratories to accurately identify them. Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ<sup>8</sup>-THC), a double-bond isomer of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC), is synthesized from cannabidiol (CBD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore the MS fragmentation pattern of Δ<sup>8</sup>-THC and Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC, we systematically investigated them by gas chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-Q-TOF/MS) and liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-Q-Orbitrap/MS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For GC-Q-TOF/MS analysis, significant differences in the ion abundance of the two characteristic ions at <i>m/z</i> 314 and 299 between these two isomers (Δ<sup>8</sup>-THC and Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC) stem from the varied stability of the free radicals they generate after losing an electron. Moreover, the ratio of the ion abundance of the fragment ions at <i>m/z</i> 314 and 299 can be utilized to recognize these two isomers. For LC-Q-Orbitrap/MS analysis, the fragmentation patterns of Δ<sup>8</sup>-THC were similar to those of Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC. Additional investigations by computational study revealed that Δ<sup>8</sup>-THC cationic radical can undergo a stepwise process like a retro Diels–Alder reaction to release an isoprene molecule directly but Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC via a double-hydrogen atoms transfer, shifting the location of carbon–carbon double bond, which indicates the different peaks at <i>m/z</i> 246 of Δ<sup>8</sup>-THC and 231 of Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC in EI-MS fragmentation processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Distinguishing accurately between Δ<sup>8</sup>-THC and Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC assists drug laboratories with in-depth analysis of drug sources, providing exact intelligence and scientific support to law enforcement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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