Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1155/S146392469600020X
C K Chandrawanshi, S K Chandrawanshi, K S Patel
This paper describes a new method for flow injection analysis (FIA) determination of iodide at nanogram levels in water based on the catalytic destruction of the colour of Fe(III)-SCN--CP (cetylpyridinium chloride) complex. The apparent molar absorptivity of the complex in terms of iodide is (6"90) x 105l mole-’ cm-’ at a maximum absorption of 470 nm. The detection limit of the method is 0"1 ng I-,/ml. The FIA variables for the determination of iodide in the water were optimized. Sample throughput was 50 samples/h. The method is particularly useful for characterization of iodide at lower nanogram levels in rain, surface and ground water samples.
{"title":"Flow analysis determination of iodide at nanogram levels in water.","authors":"C K Chandrawanshi, S K Chandrawanshi, K S Patel","doi":"10.1155/S146392469600020X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S146392469600020X","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new method for flow injection analysis (FIA) determination of iodide at nanogram levels in water based on the catalytic destruction of the colour of Fe(III)-SCN--CP (cetylpyridinium chloride) complex. The apparent molar absorptivity of the complex in terms of iodide is (6\"90) x 105l mole-’ cm-’ at a maximum absorption of 470 nm. The detection limit of the method is 0\"1 ng I-,/ml. The FIA variables for the determination of iodide in the water were optimized. Sample throughput was 50 samples/h. The method is particularly useful for characterization of iodide at lower nanogram levels in rain, surface and ground water samples.","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":"18 5","pages":"181-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S146392469600020X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1155/S1463924696000247
J Carlos de Andrade, R J Poppi, A R Coscione
A time-based injection modulefor monosegmented continuousflow systems and related techniques, which uses three independently controlled solenoid valves, is described. A timer c’cuit employing three LC. 555s and three TIP-121 transistors was constructed to control the injection module valves. The injection device was tested with non-reacting chemical systems (for example with a spectrophotometric standard and calcium flame emission) and with reacting conditions (for example the determination of Cr(VI), using diphenylcarbazide as colour reagent, and acid-base titration). The performance of this injection module demonstrates its suitabilityfor everyday use.
{"title":"Time-based injection approach for monosegmented continuous flow systems and related techniques.","authors":"J Carlos de Andrade, R J Poppi, A R Coscione","doi":"10.1155/S1463924696000247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924696000247","url":null,"abstract":"A time-based injection modulefor monosegmented continuousflow systems and related techniques, which uses three independently controlled solenoid valves, is described. A timer c’cuit employing three LC. 555s and three TIP-121 transistors was constructed to control the injection module valves. The injection device was tested with non-reacting chemical systems (for example with a spectrophotometric standard and calcium flame emission) and with reacting conditions (for example the determination of Cr(VI), using diphenylcarbazide as colour reagent, and acid-base titration). The performance of this injection module demonstrates its suitabilityfor everyday use.","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":"18 6","pages":"199-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924696000247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1155/S146392469600003X
J M Garrido, R A Lapa, J L Lima, C Delerue-Matos, J L Santos
A fully automated flow injection analysis (FIA) dilution system based on the zone sampling technique is described. The system relies on the use ofa PC-compatible microcomputerfor instrumental control and data acquisition and processing. The computer controls two rotatory valves which select different portions of the injected sample plug and then are re-sampled toward the detector. The system automatically chooses a suitable dilution factor for each sample. The dilution system was coupled to an atomic absorption spectrometer and to aflame photometer for the determination ofCa, Mg, Na, K, Cu, Zn and Fe in highly concentrated water samples. The methodology affords up to 10 O00-fold dilution factors with good precision (RSD < 3Uo) and high sampling rates (never lower than 90 determinations per hour).
{"title":"FIA automatic dilution system for the determination of metallic cations in waters by atomic absorption and flame emission spectrometry.","authors":"J M Garrido, R A Lapa, J L Lima, C Delerue-Matos, J L Santos","doi":"10.1155/S146392469600003X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S146392469600003X","url":null,"abstract":"A fully automated flow injection analysis (FIA) dilution system based on the zone sampling technique is described. The system relies on the use ofa PC-compatible microcomputerfor instrumental control and data acquisition and processing. The computer controls two rotatory valves which select different portions of the injected sample plug and then are re-sampled toward the detector. The system automatically chooses a suitable dilution factor for each sample. The dilution system was coupled to an atomic absorption spectrometer and to aflame photometer for the determination ofCa, Mg, Na, K, Cu, Zn and Fe in highly concentrated water samples. The methodology affords up to 10 O00-fold dilution factors with good precision (RSD < 3Uo) and high sampling rates (never lower than 90 determinations per hour).","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":"17-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S146392469600003X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27794762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1155/S1463924696000120
F Zenie
This paper explains why, in today’s rapidly changing environment, it is essential for organizations to re-engineer. The main drivers behind business re-engineering are informed customers and information technology. The author explains the changes needed in management behaviour and performance and then describes, step by step, how to re-engineer laboratories. Finally, the importance ofpartnerships is stressed and explained by examples.
{"title":"Re-engineering the laboratory.","authors":"F Zenie","doi":"10.1155/S1463924696000120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924696000120","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explains why, in today’s rapidly changing environment, it is essential for organizations to re-engineer. The main drivers behind business re-engineering are informed customers and information technology. The author explains the changes needed in management behaviour and performance and then describes, step by step, how to re-engineer laboratories. Finally, the importance ofpartnerships is stressed and explained by examples.","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":"18 4","pages":"135-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924696000120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1155/S1463924696000156
M Levenberg
Chemists at Abbott Laboratories are totally dependent on a rapid return of spectroscopic data on their intermediates and synthetic products to ensure that their chemical reactions are on track. Eight years ago, chemists at Abbott often had to wait three days to a week to receive this data, and had to start new reactions without it. That this was an unacceptable situation was clearly recognized by the Abbott chemists, and the management of the spectroscopy area. This paper discusses the approach used to provide totally automated sample preparation and running of both NMR and mass spectrometric samples. In both cases, systems have been developed by which the chemists log their own samples into a database, and a Zymark robotics system does the entire sample preparation and insertion into the spectrometer. Spectra are plotted directly in the client's lab, and the spectroscopy staff need only provide samples to the robot, fresh supplies (solvents, tubes, etc.) and routine maintenance, but no actual sample handling or spectrometer operation. The effects of this automation on throughput, sample turnaround time, and cost per spectrum are presented.
{"title":"Digging out with a robot.","authors":"M Levenberg","doi":"10.1155/S1463924696000156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924696000156","url":null,"abstract":"Chemists at Abbott Laboratories are totally dependent on a rapid return of spectroscopic data on their intermediates and synthetic products to ensure that their chemical reactions are on track. Eight years ago, chemists at Abbott often had to wait three days to a week to receive this data, and had to start new reactions without it. That this was an unacceptable situation was clearly recognized by the Abbott chemists, and the management of the spectroscopy area. This paper discusses the approach used to provide totally automated sample preparation and running of both NMR and mass spectrometric samples. In both cases, systems have been developed by which the chemists log their own samples into a database, and a Zymark robotics system does the entire sample preparation and insertion into the spectrometer. Spectra are plotted directly in the client's lab, and the spectroscopy staff need only provide samples to the robot, fresh supplies (solvents, tubes, etc.) and routine maintenance, but no actual sample handling or spectrometer operation. The effects of this automation on throughput, sample turnaround time, and cost per spectrum are presented.","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":"18 4","pages":"149-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924696000156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1155/S1463924696000193
L Gao, S Ren
Target transformationfactor analysis was studiedfor simultaneous determination of four simulated stripping voltammograms. A Gaussian function was used to generate synthetic stripping voltammograms. Two programs, SPGRELEP and ELECTTFA, were designed to perform voltammogram simulation and target transformation factor analysis. The method made use of full information of voltammogram and matrix data processing. The ELECTTFA program was used to determine the number of components, to identify the components and to yield a quantitative analysis of unknowns. Experimental results showed the method to be successful.
{"title":"Multicomponent analysis of stripping voltammograms by target transformation factor analysis.","authors":"L Gao, S Ren","doi":"10.1155/S1463924696000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924696000193","url":null,"abstract":"Target transformationfactor analysis was studiedfor simultaneous determination of four simulated stripping voltammograms. A Gaussian function was used to generate synthetic stripping voltammograms. Two programs, SPGRELEP and ELECTTFA, were designed to perform voltammogram simulation and target transformation factor analysis. The method made use of full information of voltammogram and matrix data processing. The ELECTTFA program was used to determine the number of components, to identify the components and to yield a quantitative analysis of unknowns. Experimental results showed the method to be successful.","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":"18 5","pages":"175-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924696000193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1155/S1463924696000016
R Jakob, D J Vonderschmitt
A fully-automated open in vitro diagnostics analyser is described.
{"title":"Development of a user-oriented completely open in vitro diagnostics system.","authors":"R Jakob, D J Vonderschmitt","doi":"10.1155/S1463924696000016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924696000016","url":null,"abstract":"A fully-automated open in vitro diagnostics analyser is described.","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924696000016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27794760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1155/S1463924696000119
D J Hook
This paper shows why high throughput screening programmes have become a fast growing area in which laboratory automation is playing a critical role. The unique philosophical and technical problems associated with high throughput screening are examined, and the paper explains how a team-based approach to solving these automation problems has become crucial in the successful implementation of these tasks.
{"title":"Team building and leadership in the successful implementation of automation for high throughput screening.","authors":"D J Hook","doi":"10.1155/S1463924696000119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924696000119","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows why high throughput screening programmes have become a fast growing area in which laboratory automation is playing a critical role. The unique philosophical and technical problems associated with high throughput screening are examined, and the paper explains how a team-based approach to solving these automation problems has become crucial in the successful implementation of these tasks.","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":"18 4","pages":"131-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924696000119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1155/S1463924696000132
J R Tricome, N Muhammad, S W Swieck, J J Rice
{"title":"A team approach to the transfer of robotics from technical services to a QC environment.","authors":"J R Tricome, N Muhammad, S W Swieck, J J Rice","doi":"10.1155/S1463924696000132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924696000132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":"18 4","pages":"143-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924696000132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1155/S1463924696000144
S Scypinski, T Sadlowski, J Baiano
Thispaper describes the effects of re-engineering, or businessprocess engineering, on the pharmaeutical industry. It then extrapolates the re-engineering fever to the field of analytical chemistry and shows that the use of automation will concomitantly increase over the next several years. This will require a fresh look at projects and situations that can be automated, as well as those thoughtpreviously non-automatable. The ability of laboratory personnel to ’think out of the box’ will dictate their rise or fall as successful analysts.
{"title":"Regrouping, reforming and re-engineering: applying robotics to new challenges.","authors":"S Scypinski, T Sadlowski, J Baiano","doi":"10.1155/S1463924696000144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924696000144","url":null,"abstract":"Thispaper describes the effects of re-engineering, or businessprocess engineering, on the pharmaeutical industry. It then extrapolates the re-engineering fever to the field of analytical chemistry and shows that the use of automation will concomitantly increase over the next several years. This will require a fresh look at projects and situations that can be automated, as well as those thoughtpreviously non-automatable. The ability of laboratory personnel to ’think out of the box’ will dictate their rise or fall as successful analysts.","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":"18 4","pages":"147-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924696000144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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