Pub Date : 1996-02-01DOI: 10.1017/S0376892997000258
F. Mitchell, John G. Williams
Hosted by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), New York, NY, USA and the Sustainable Forestry Management Project (BOLFOR), this workshop was organized to evaluate current understanding of the interactions between wildlife and timber production in the tropics, and the implications for sustainable forest management. In a mixed forum, foresters, wildlife biologists, resource managers, and policy makers, reviewed the importance of wildlife as a component of production forests, and the ways in which conventional logging practices impact their populations. Discussions focused on clarifying: the reasons for conserving wildlife in production forests; the methods needed to evaluate timber harvesting-wildlife interactions; current techniques to reduce silvicultural impacts on biodiversity; the role of natural forest management and certification programs in biodiversity conservation; and where research and management efforts should be focused in the future. Protected areas in the tropics are currently inadequate to protect the biological diversity characterizing this region, owing to their limited size, number, distribution, and composition. Within forested landscapes, production forests may contain significant biodiversity not found within totally protected areas. In many countries, the large size and varied habitats of these forests can complement the existing system of reserves, and taken as part of the landscape, can make significant contributions to biodiversity conservation. Current exploitation trends and practices within production forests, however, have direct and indirect positive and negative impacts on many plant and animal species. Steps must be taken to improve our understanding of the effects of management practices on biological diversity, ways to mitigate negative aspects associated with them, and where our efforts should focus in the future to achieve ecological and economic sustainability of our natural resources.
{"title":"Meeting reports","authors":"F. Mitchell, John G. Williams","doi":"10.1017/S0376892997000258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892997000258","url":null,"abstract":"Hosted by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), New York, NY, USA and the Sustainable Forestry Management Project (BOLFOR), this workshop was organized to evaluate current understanding of the interactions between wildlife and timber production in the tropics, and the implications for sustainable forest management. In a mixed forum, foresters, wildlife biologists, resource managers, and policy makers, reviewed the importance of wildlife as a component of production forests, and the ways in which conventional logging practices impact their populations. Discussions focused on clarifying: the reasons for conserving wildlife in production forests; the methods needed to evaluate timber harvesting-wildlife interactions; current techniques to reduce silvicultural impacts on biodiversity; the role of natural forest management and certification programs in biodiversity conservation; and where research and management efforts should be focused in the future. Protected areas in the tropics are currently inadequate to protect the biological diversity characterizing this region, owing to their limited size, number, distribution, and composition. Within forested landscapes, production forests may contain significant biodiversity not found within totally protected areas. In many countries, the large size and varied habitats of these forests can complement the existing system of reserves, and taken as part of the landscape, can make significant contributions to biodiversity conservation. Current exploitation trends and practices within production forests, however, have direct and indirect positive and negative impacts on many plant and animal species. Steps must be taken to improve our understanding of the effects of management practices on biological diversity, ways to mitigate negative aspects associated with them, and where our efforts should focus in the future to achieve ecological and economic sustainability of our natural resources.","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":"67 1","pages":"191 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81469028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1155/S1463924696000259
J Kötting, G Heinemann, I Salb, H Maier-Lenz
{"title":"Evaluation of the COBAS Core II immunochemistry analyser.","authors":"J Kötting, G Heinemann, I Salb, H Maier-Lenz","doi":"10.1155/S1463924696000259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924696000259","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":"18 6","pages":"205-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924696000259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1155/S1463924696000181
M D Hinton, P R Hinton
Chromatographic analyses often make up the bulk of the tests performed in manufacturing laboratories. To fully automate a laboratory, the LIMS must work closely with the chromatographic data acquisition system. There are probably as many solutions to interfacing a data acquisition system to a LIMS as there are LIMS vendors. One solution that works well in a manufacturing environment is described in this paper. The authors explain what functions are needed in the front-end (the data acquisition end) and the back-end (the LIMS), and how the two systems can work together to manage the chromatographic laboratory data.
{"title":"LIMS and chromatographic data acquisition in the manufacturing environment.","authors":"M D Hinton, P R Hinton","doi":"10.1155/S1463924696000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924696000181","url":null,"abstract":"Chromatographic analyses often make up the bulk of the tests performed in manufacturing laboratories. To fully automate a laboratory, the LIMS must work closely with the chromatographic data acquisition system. There are probably as many solutions to interfacing a data acquisition system to a LIMS as there are LIMS vendors. One solution that works well in a manufacturing environment is described in this paper. The authors explain what functions are needed in the front-end (the data acquisition end) and the back-end (the LIMS), and how the two systems can work together to manage the chromatographic laboratory data.","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":"18 5","pages":"169-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924696000181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1155/S1463924696000235
M C Canela, W F Jardim, J J Rohwedder
An automaticflow injection (FI) system for the determination of mercury was developed using a commercial cold vapour atomic absorption spectrophotometer (CVAAS). Control and data acquisition in the FI system was done with an IBM-PC 286 XT compatible microcomputer and a home-made interface, using software written in Q,uickBasic 4"5. Mercury content was determined by: sampling using a combination offour electromechanical three-way poly(tetrafluoroethylene) valves; separation of the dissolved reduced mercury in a gas]liquid separation cell using nitrogen as carrier, followed by amalgamation of the stripped metal on a gold wire column; after stripping the metal, cleaning the separation cell using vacuum, which was controlled by a three-way electromechanical valve; heating the gold wire column automatically to release the amalgamated mercury using an external nichrome wire coil; storing the output signals automatically to calculate the final mercury concentration, using commerdally available software. The optimized system presents a detection limit of 5"3 ng of mercury (30 pg absolute) using 5"7 ml (three injections of 1900 Izl of the sample) with an analytical frequency of six samples per hour and reproducibility of5%. The procedure was used to determine mercury infish, ha# and natural water samples. [7, 8]. Since then, numerous modifications and adaptations have been reported in the literature [7, 9-21]. These modifications include adaptation of the cold vapour to a flow injection (FI) system [11, 16-18], the use of chromatography columns for speciation [19], utilization of gold filled columns for one or two stage mercury amalgamation [10, 13, 14, 20] and, finally, by automation of the analyser itself [9, 21 ].
{"title":"Automatic determination of mercury in samples of environmental interest.","authors":"M C Canela, W F Jardim, J J Rohwedder","doi":"10.1155/S1463924696000235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924696000235","url":null,"abstract":"An automaticflow injection (FI) system for the determination of mercury was developed using a commercial cold vapour atomic absorption spectrophotometer (CVAAS). Control and data acquisition in the FI system was done with an IBM-PC 286 XT compatible microcomputer and a home-made interface, using software written in Q,uickBasic 4\"5. Mercury content was determined by: sampling using a combination offour electromechanical three-way poly(tetrafluoroethylene) valves; separation of the dissolved reduced mercury in a gas]liquid separation cell using nitrogen as carrier, followed by amalgamation of the stripped metal on a gold wire column; after stripping the metal, cleaning the separation cell using vacuum, which was controlled by a three-way electromechanical valve; heating the gold wire column automatically to release the amalgamated mercury using an external nichrome wire coil; storing the output signals automatically to calculate the final mercury concentration, using commerdally available software. The optimized system presents a detection limit of 5\"3 ng of mercury (30 pg absolute) using 5\"7 ml (three injections of 1900 Izl of the sample) with an analytical frequency of six samples per hour and reproducibility of5%. The procedure was used to determine mercury infish, ha# and natural water samples. [7, 8]. Since then, numerous modifications and adaptations have been reported in the literature [7, 9-21]. These modifications include adaptation of the cold vapour to a flow injection (FI) system [11, 16-18], the use of chromatography columns for speciation [19], utilization of gold filled columns for one or two stage mercury amalgamation [10, 13, 14, 20] and, finally, by automation of the analyser itself [9, 21 ].","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":"18 6","pages":"193-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924696000235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1155/S1463924696000272
T Guo, J Baasner
Stock standard mercury solution #1, 1000 mg/1, was prepared from Merk Tritisol(R). Stock mercury solutions #2 and #3:10 mg/1 and mg/1 respectively, were prepared by further dilution of the stock standard solution #1. Calibration standards at different mercury levels were prepared from stock solutions #2 and #3 by further dilution in 3% v/v HC1. Calibration standard solutions used for the measurement of sewage samples were 0"00, 5"00, 10"00, 15-00, 20"00, and 30"00 lg/1. Calibration standard solutions used for the measurement of soil and sediment samples were 0"00, 3-00, 5"00, 7"00, and 10"00 tg/1. According to DIN 38 405-E 12, the standard solutions should contain 1% v/v of the stabilizing solution.
{"title":"Technical Note: Using FIMS to determine mercury content in sewage sludge, sediment and soil samples.","authors":"T Guo, J Baasner","doi":"10.1155/S1463924696000272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924696000272","url":null,"abstract":"Stock standard mercury solution #1, 1000 mg/1, was prepared from Merk Tritisol(R). Stock mercury solutions #2 and #3:10 mg/1 and mg/1 respectively, were prepared by further dilution of the stock standard solution #1. Calibration standards at different mercury levels were prepared from stock solutions #2 and #3 by further dilution in 3% v/v HC1. Calibration standard solutions used for the measurement of sewage samples were 0\"00, 5\"00, 10\"00, 15-00, 20\"00, and 30\"00 lg/1. Calibration standard solutions used for the measurement of soil and sediment samples were 0\"00, 3-00, 5\"00, 7\"00, and 10\"00 tg/1. According to DIN 38 405-E 12, the standard solutions should contain 1% v/v of the stabilizing solution.","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":"18 6","pages":"221-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924696000272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1155/S1463924696000260
T Guo, J Baasner
A m length of PTFE tubing was placed between the gas-liquid separator and the absorption cell to minimize any water vapour transferred to the cell. A plastic gasliquid separator (B050-7959), equipped with a PTFE membrane filter, placed after the glass type separator was also shown to help reduce water vapour--see figure 3. The use of the second gas ’liquid separator slightly reduced the sensitivity of the mercury measurements.
{"title":"Technical Note: Determination of mercury in blood by on-line digestion with FIMS.","authors":"T Guo, J Baasner","doi":"10.1155/S1463924696000260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924696000260","url":null,"abstract":"A m length of PTFE tubing was placed between the gas-liquid separator and the absorption cell to minimize any water vapour transferred to the cell. A plastic gasliquid separator (B050-7959), equipped with a PTFE membrane filter, placed after the glass type separator was also shown to help reduce water vapour--see figure 3. The use of the second gas ’liquid separator slightly reduced the sensitivity of the mercury measurements.","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":"18 6","pages":"217-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924696000260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1155/S1463924696000168
P B Stockwell, W T Corns, N Brahma
Coupling specific atomic fluorescence spectrometers to vapour generation techniques is a highly sensitive approach to the determination of trace levels of mercury. In many sample types the levels of the mercury content are extremely high and the matrix may have a deleterious e2ffect on the measurement. This paper discusses the application of discrete sample injection techniques to broaden the range of analytes tested and the levels analysed. The limitation of linear dynamic range for fluorescence is the self-absorption e/ffect. Reducing the eective sample size to below 100 # litres allows a linear calibration up to 10 parts per million (ppm). This sample limitation, coupled to the software’s ability to reset the sampling valve should the signal level exceed the maximum setting, ensures that levels of up to lOOppm can be presented to the analyser. An additional advantage of the discrete sample injection applies to complex analytical samples, for example concentrated sulphuric acid. The eective dilution provided by this means overcomes any matrix interferences and quickly provides correct data. With proper care, the analytical range of the system described can extend over seven orders of magnitudefrom less than 1 part per trillion (ppt) through to 10ppm.
{"title":"The role of discrete sample injection in trace mercury analysis by atomic fluorescence spectrometry.","authors":"P B Stockwell, W T Corns, N Brahma","doi":"10.1155/S1463924696000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924696000168","url":null,"abstract":"Coupling specific atomic fluorescence spectrometers to vapour generation techniques is a highly sensitive approach to the determination of trace levels of mercury. In many sample types the levels of the mercury content are extremely high and the matrix may have a deleterious e2ffect on the measurement. This paper discusses the application of discrete sample injection techniques to broaden the range of analytes tested and the levels analysed. The limitation of linear dynamic range for fluorescence is the self-absorption e/ffect. Reducing the eective sample size to below 100 # litres allows a linear calibration up to 10 parts per million (ppm). This sample limitation, coupled to the software’s ability to reset the sampling valve should the signal level exceed the maximum setting, ensures that levels of up to lOOppm can be presented to the analyser. An additional advantage of the discrete sample injection applies to complex analytical samples, for example concentrated sulphuric acid. The eective dilution provided by this means overcomes any matrix interferences and quickly provides correct data. With proper care, the analytical range of the system described can extend over seven orders of magnitudefrom less than 1 part per trillion (ppt) through to 10ppm.","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":"18 4","pages":"153-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924696000168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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