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Clinical significance of P-glycoprotein expression analyzed by immunohistochemical staining in cancer tissues. 免疫组化染色分析肿瘤组织p -糖蛋白表达的临床意义。
Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02471002
R Kim, N Hirabayashi, M Nishiyama, K Aogi, T Toge

P-glycoprotein is a transmembrane protein with increased drug efflux from resistant cells, which is encoded by the MDR1 gene. An overexpression of P-glycoprotein has been reported to correlate with the degree of resistance to anticancer agents, especially to adriamycin. In this study, the expression of P-glycoprotein was analyzed immunohistochemically by using a monoclonal antibody, MRK16 against P-glycoprotein in 18 fresh human tumors. The expression of P-glycoprotein was detected in eight (44 per cent) tumor specimens out of 18 patients. Although six (75.0 per cent) of the 8 P-glycoprotein positive tumors were resistant to adriamycin, the other two tumors showed clinical responses. Furthermore, five (50.0 per cent) of the 10 P-glycoprotein negative tumors exhibited positive clinical responses. These results suggest that P-glycoprotein expression may not be a useful marker to predict intrinsic resistance to adriamycin in fresh human tumors.

p糖蛋白是一种由MDR1基因编码的跨膜蛋白,耐药细胞的药物外排增加。据报道,p糖蛋白的过表达与对抗癌药物,特别是对阿霉素的耐药程度有关。本研究采用抗p -糖蛋白单克隆抗体MRK16免疫组化方法分析了18例新鲜人肿瘤中p -糖蛋白的表达。18例患者中有8例(44%)肿瘤标本检测到p -糖蛋白的表达。虽然8例p -糖蛋白阳性肿瘤中有6例(75.0%)对阿霉素耐药,但其他2例肿瘤表现出临床反应。此外,10例p糖蛋白阴性肿瘤中有5例(50.0%)表现出阳性临床反应。这些结果表明,p糖蛋白表达可能不是预测新鲜人肿瘤对阿霉素内在耐药性的有用标记。
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引用次数: 1
Recurrent valvular pneumoperitoneum caused by a minute gastric ulcer--a case report. 一分钟胃溃疡致复发性瓣膜性气腹1例。
Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02470997
S Imabun, M Miyata, Y Tanaka, T Hashimoto, T Yamaguchi, S Sunada, T Kitagawa, Y Kawashima

A rare case of valvular pneumoperitoneum is reported. A 49-year-old Japanese man underwent an emergency laparotomy under a tentative diagnosis of perforating panperitonitis on the 19th post-open heart surgery day. A large volume of free intraperitoneal gas was revealed, but no identification of gastrointestinal perforation. On the 17th postlaparotomy day, pneumoperitoneum recurred. On the 41st postlaparotomy day, a tiny gastric perforation was detected with an oral contrast medium. The patient died of liver failure due to serum hepatitis. The autopsy revealed a minute gastric ulcer scar 2 mm in diameter in the mucosa of the fornix, which was thought to have caused the valvular pneumoperitoneum. A literature review was made of 8 reports on 11 cases. In two cases of valvular pneumoperitoneum, the perforating site could not be found even during laparotomy. It is suggested that either gastrointestinal series or endoscopy must be carefully repeated in order to identify the perforating site.

本文报告一例罕见的瓣膜性气腹。一名49岁的日本男性在心脏直视手术后第19天接受了紧急剖腹手术,初步诊断为穿孔性腹膜炎。腹腔内有大量游离气体,但未见胃肠道穿孔。术后第17天气腹复发。剖腹后第41天,口服造影剂检测到一微小的胃穿孔。病人死于血清性肝炎引起的肝功能衰竭。尸检发现穹窿粘膜处有直径2mm的微小胃溃疡疤痕,认为是瓣膜性气腹的原因。对11例病例的8篇报道进行文献复习。在两例瓣膜性气腹中,即使剖腹手术也无法找到穿孔部位。建议胃肠道系列或内镜检查必须仔细重复,以确定穿孔部位。
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引用次数: 4
Esophageal reconstruction using microvascular anastomosis to the thoracoacromial artery and cephalic vein. 胸肩峰动脉、头静脉微血管吻合食管重建术。
Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02470987
H Fujita, Y Inoue, T Kakegawa, H Yamana, G Shirozu, T Minami, Y Tai

For reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical esophagus following pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy, free gut transfer revascularized to such cervical vessels as the cervical transverse artery and external jugular vein is commonly performed. However, for reconstruction of the esophagus in the cervicothoracic junction or anterior to the chest wall, using the cervical vessels has more disadvantages than using the vessels in the chest wall. Thus, we developed a method of using the throracoacromial artery and cephalic vein for vascular anastomoses of a free jejunal graft and report herein our results in six cases. Three of these cases underwent reconstruction for an esophageal defect anterior to the chest wall, while the other three underwent reconstruction of the thoracic esophagus using a colonic pedicle graft. Satisfactory results were obtained in five of the six cases. Therefore, we recommend the use of the thoracoacromial artery and cephalic vein in vascular anastomoses during a free gut transfer or colonic pedicle graft for reconstruction of the esophagus anterior to the chest wall.

对于咽咽食管切除术后咽喉及颈部食管的重建,通常采用经颈横动脉、颈外静脉等颈部血管血运的游离肠转移。然而,对于颈胸交界处或胸壁前的食道重建,使用颈血管比使用胸壁血管有更多的缺点。因此,我们开发了一种使用喉肩峰动脉和头静脉进行游离空肠移植物血管吻合的方法,并在此报告我们6例的结果。其中3例因胸壁前的食管缺损进行了重建,而另外3例则通过结肠蒂移植进行了胸食管重建。6例中有5例获得满意的结果。因此,我们建议在游离肠移植或结肠蒂移植中使用胸肩峰动脉和头静脉进行血管吻合,以重建食管前胸壁。
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引用次数: 6
Mechanical properties and immunogenicity of vascular xenografts. 异种血管移植物的力学特性和免疫原性。
Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02470991
Y Murayama, S Sato, T Oka

Polyepoxy compounds (PC) have been introduced as new cross-linking agents to overcome some of the disadvantages of glutaraldehyde (GA). In this study, we investigated the relationship of the reaction time to the immunogenicity and mechanical properties of canine and bovine common carotid arteries cross-linked with one of PC, namely, glycerol polyglycidyl ether (GPE). To evaluate mechanical properties, we made use of the finite deformation theory. Arteries cross-linked with GPE for 48 hours proved to be about 3 times as flexible as those cross-linked with GA for 48 hours. In the immunogenicity experiments, GPE was observed to reduce the immunogenicity of the arteries according to the reaction time, and the arteries, which were cross-linked with GPE for 48 hours, showed little immunogenicity. It was concluded that GPE is a more suitable cross-linking agent than GA, and its optimum reaction time seems to be 48 hours.

聚环氧化合物(PC)是一种新型交联剂,克服了戊二醛(GA)的一些缺点。在这项研究中,我们研究了反应时间与交联的一种PC,即甘油聚缩水甘油酯醚(GPE)的犬和牛颈总动脉的免疫原性和力学性能的关系。为了评价其力学性能,我们采用了有限变形理论。经证实,与GPE交联48小时的动脉柔韧性是与GA交联48小时动脉柔韧性的3倍左右。在免疫原性实验中,根据反应时间观察到GPE降低了动脉的免疫原性,与GPE交联48小时的动脉免疫原性不明显。结果表明,GPE是比GA更合适的交联剂,其最佳反应时间为48 h。
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引用次数: 3
The possible involvement of platelet activation in endotoxin-induced renal insufficiency in a rabbit model. 兔内毒素致肾功能不全模型中血小板活化的可能参与。
Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02470992
M Yokota, J Kambayashi, M Sakon, H Tahara, E Shiba, T Kawasaki, T Mori

The effects of the anticoagulants, heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and the antiplatelet agents, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and aspirin, on endotoxin-induced renal insufficiency not induced by prerenal factors, were investigated using rabbits to evaluate the clinical usefulness of these drugs and their possible involvement in the activation of hemostasis in renal insufficiency. The intravenous administration of PEG1, at 0.4 microgram/kg/min, or aspirin, at 5 mg/kg, significantly restored all the parameters of renal function measured in the present study, namely, effective renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate and urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, as well as histological renal ischemic changes. On the other hand, neither heparin nor LMWH, even at a high dose, improved any parameter. As the antiplatelet effect is the common property of PGE1 and aspirin, it is suggested that the activation of platelets may be prerequisite to the occurrence of renal insufficiency induced by endotoxin. The results of this study thus show that PGE1 or aspirin may be applied in clinical use for renal insufficiency complicated by sepsis or endotoxemia.

采用家兔研究抗凝剂肝素、低分子肝素(LMWH)及抗血小板药物前列腺素E1 (PGE1)、阿司匹林对非肾源性内毒素性肾功能不全的影响,探讨其临床应用价值及可能参与肾功能不全的止血作用。静脉给药PEG1(0.4微克/千克/分钟)或阿司匹林(5毫克/千克)可显著恢复本研究测量的所有肾功能参数,即有效肾血浆流量、肾小球滤过率和尿n -乙酰- β - d -氨基葡萄糖苷酶,以及肾缺血组织学改变。另一方面,肝素和低分子肝素,即使在高剂量下,也没有改善任何参数。抗血小板作用是PGE1和阿司匹林的共同特性,提示血小板活化可能是内毒素引起肾功能不全发生的前提。因此,本研究结果表明PGE1或阿司匹林可用于临床治疗肾功能不全合并脓毒症或内毒素血症。
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引用次数: 1
The prognostic value of tumor-associated carbohydrate structures correlated with gene amplifications in human breast carcinomas. 肿瘤相关碳水化合物结构与人类乳腺癌基因扩增相关的预后价值
Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02470985
T Fukutomi, S Hirohashi, H Tsuda, T Nanasawa, H Yamamoto, M Itabashi, Y Shimosato

The effects of cell surface sugar chains combined with certain gene amplifications of breast cancers on the prognosis of patients were studied and the relationships between the sugar chains of cancer cells and amplifications of the proto-oncogenes c-myc, int-2 and c-erb B-2, evaluated. One hundred and fifty three human breast carcinoma tissues were investigated by an immunohistochemical technique using the avidinbiotin-peroxidase method with 1 lectin (HPA; Helix Pomatia) and 4 monoclonal antibodies (B-72-3, St-439, anti-Tn and anti-T). The positive rates of HPA, St-439, B-72-3, anti-Tn and anti-T were 43 per cent (63/153), 52 per cent (80/153), 53 per cent (81/153), 64 per cent (98/153) and 89 per cent (136/153), respectively. Patients whose cancers had positive HPA staining were found to have a lower survival rate than those with negative HPA staining (p less than 0.05), whereas those whose cancers had positive St-439 staining showed a better prognosis than those with negative St-439 staining (p less than 0.01). The positive rate of HPA was related to the gene amplification of c-myc proto-oncogene (p less than 0.01), whereas the negative rate of St-439 was correlated with the gene amplification of c-erb B-2 (p less than 0.01). These data indicate the prognostic value of HPA and St-439 and also the relationships between the gene amplifications and carbohydrate structures in breast cancer cells.

研究了细胞表面糖链结合乳腺癌某些基因扩增对患者预后的影响,并评价了癌细胞糖链与原癌基因c-myc、int-2和c- erbb -2扩增之间的关系。采用免疫组化技术,用1凝集素(HPA)结合亲和生物素-过氧化物酶法对153例人乳腺癌组织进行了研究;Helix Pomatia)和4个单克隆抗体(B-72-3, St-439, anti-Tn和anti-T)。HPA、St-439、B-72-3、anti-Tn和anti-T的阳性率分别为43%(63/153)、52%(80/153)、53%(81/153)、64%(98/153)和89%(136/153)。HPA染色阳性患者的生存率低于HPA染色阴性患者(p < 0.05), St-439染色阳性患者的预后优于St-439染色阴性患者(p < 0.01)。HPA阳性率与c-myc原癌基因扩增相关(p < 0.01), St-439阳性率与c- erbb -2基因扩增相关(p < 0.01)。这些数据表明HPA和St-439的预后价值,以及基因扩增与乳腺癌细胞碳水化合物结构之间的关系。
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引用次数: 6
Surgical experience with nonparasitic cysts of the liver--the characteristics and constituents of cyst fluid. 肝脏非寄生囊肿的手术经验——囊肿液的特征和成分。
Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02470989
T Nagao, S Inoue, M Izu, Y Wada, N Kawano, Y Morioka

Fifteen patients with nonparasitic hepatic cysts underwent surgery to relieve abdominal complaints, at the First Surgical Department, Tokyo University Hospital between 1966 and 1989. Total removal of the cyst was carried out in 14 of the patients, while puncture and aspiration only were performed in the other patient in whom a cyst had ruptured spontaneously, after which hemoperitoneum was observed at emergency laparotomy. The size of the cysts varied from 7-19 cm with a mean of 12.4 cm. Histological study revealed a congenital cyst in 14 patients and a cystadenoma in one. The epithelium lining of the internal surface of the congenital cysts was highly atrophic and desolated and often disappeared. Examination of the cyst fluid revealed the same concentration of electrolytes as in the serum. Hepatic enzyme levels were usually lower than in the serum, but lactic dehydrogenase and aminotransferase levels were elevated in a few cases. Tumor marker levels of the cyst fluid were higher than those in the serum in four of five patients examined.

1966年至1989年间,在东京大学医院第一外科,15例非寄生性肝囊肿患者接受了手术以缓解腹部不适。14例患者全部切除囊肿,另1例囊肿自发破裂患者仅穿刺抽吸,术后急诊开腹观察腹腔积血。囊肿大小7- 19cm不等,平均12.4 cm。组织学研究显示先天性囊肿14例,囊腺瘤1例。先天性囊肿内表面上皮内层高度萎缩、脱落,常消失。囊肿液检查显示电解质浓度与血清相同。肝酶水平通常低于血清水平,但少数病例乳酸脱氢酶和转氨酶水平升高。5例患者中有4例囊肿液肿瘤标志物水平高于血清。
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引用次数: 6
A detailed histological study on occult metastasis of the lymph nodes. 淋巴结隐匿性转移的详细组织学研究。
Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02470990
S Natsugoe, T Aiko, H Shimazu

One representative microsection from each lymph node was carefully surveyed for metastasis in a routine examination. To scrutinize the existence of occult metastasis, three additional sections were then made from half of the remaining lymph node. A total of 1,698 lymph nodes taken from 55 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus, stomach, colon, thyroid or breast were thus reexamined histologically. The initial examination was not able to prove any metastasis in these lymph nodes. Upon reexamination, however, involvement by cancer cells was detected in 10 nodes of 7 patients. The maximum diameter of the metastatic foci varied from 0.2 mm to 1.3 mm and was less than 0.5 mm in more than half of the nodes. The metastatic patterns in the nodes were classified into three types, i.e., marginal sinus type, medullary sinus type and mixed type. The marginal sinus type was the most frequent, with the mixed type being next and the medullary sinus type being found in only one node. Accordingly, surgeons should keep the possibility of occult metastasis in mind and the marginal sinus of the lymph node should be carefully examined in order to detect any small foci of metastasis.

在常规检查中仔细检查每个淋巴结的代表性显微切片是否有转移。为了仔细检查是否存在隐匿转移,然后从剩余的一半淋巴结中再做了三个切片。本文对55例食管癌、胃癌、结肠癌、甲状腺癌、乳腺癌患者的1698个淋巴结进行了组织学检查。最初的检查不能证明这些淋巴结有任何转移。然而复查后,7例患者的10个淋巴结发现癌细胞浸润。转移灶的最大直径从0.2 mm到1.3 mm不等,超过一半的淋巴结小于0.5 mm。淋巴结转移类型分为边缘窦型、髓样窦型和混合型三种。最常见的是边缘窦型,其次是混合型,髓样窦型仅见于一个淋巴结。因此,外科医生应注意潜在转移的可能性,并应仔细检查淋巴结的边缘窦,以发现任何小的转移灶。
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引用次数: 8
Cryopreservation of hamster pancreatic islets using a rapid cooling rate. 仓鼠胰岛快速冷冻保存的研究。
Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02470993
W Fukushima, M Note, Y Kojima, G Nakagawara

To clarify the possibility of developing a rapid cooling rate for islet cryopreservation, we used a cooling rate of 25 degrees C/min for hamster pancreatic islet cryopreservation using 15 per cent dimethylsulfoxide as a cryoprotectant. After preservation, these islets were examined for their morphology and function by assaying the insulin release after glucose stimulation and the contents of the insulin and DNA in 10 islets. In addition, islet cell replicatory activity was investigated by an autoradiographic technique. The effects of transplantation of the islets upon isogeneic and xenogeneic transplantation were also examined. Freezing using a rapid cooling rate of 25 degrees C/min was found to be as effective as a slow cooling rate of 1 degree C/min for hamster islet cryopreservation. Morphologically, the cryopreserved islets appeared to be similar to the non-frozen cultured islets. The glucose-stimulated insulin release and cell replicatory activities in vitro also remained unchanged, whereas the number of cells per islet decreased slightly after cryopreservation. The grafting of cryopreserved islets normalized streptozotocin induced hyperglycemia following isogeneic transplantation. On the other hand, no prolongation of graft survivals in the case of the xenogeneic transplantation of hamster islets to rats was observed. The isogeneically transplanted islets exhibited the same cell replicatory activities in vivo, which was even higher compared that of normal hamster pancreatic islets in situ. In conclusion, the present findings indicate that hamster pancreatic islets can be successfully cryopreserved using a rapid cooling rate, however, it does not appear that this treatment reduces islet vulnerability to xenogeneic graft rejection.

为了明确开发胰岛冷冻快速冷却速率的可能性,我们使用25摄氏度/分钟的冷却速率进行仓鼠胰岛冷冻保存,使用15%二甲亚砜作为冷冻保护剂。保存后,通过测定葡萄糖刺激后的胰岛素释放量以及10个胰岛的胰岛素和DNA含量来检测胰岛的形态和功能。此外,用放射自显影技术研究了胰岛细胞的复制活性。研究了胰岛移植对同种异种移植的影响。使用25℃/min的快速冷却速度冷冻与1℃/min的缓慢冷却速度冷冻对仓鼠胰岛的冷冻保存同样有效。形态学上,冷冻保存的胰岛与非冷冻培养的胰岛相似。葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素释放和细胞体外复制活性也保持不变,而每个胰岛的细胞数量在冷冻保存后略有下降。异基因移植后胰岛移植归一化链脲佐菌素诱导高血糖。另一方面,异种仓鼠胰岛移植给大鼠时,没有观察到移植物存活的延长。等基因移植胰岛在体内具有相同的细胞复制活性,甚至高于正常的原位胰岛。总之,目前的研究结果表明,仓鼠胰岛可以使用快速冷却速率成功冷冻保存,然而,这种处理似乎并没有降低胰岛对异种移植排斥反应的易感性。
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引用次数: 0
mRNA expression of topoisomerase II in human tumors and normal tissues. 拓扑异构酶II在人肿瘤和正常组织中的mRNA表达。
Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02471001
R Kim, N Hirabayashi, M Nishiyama, T Yorishima, T Toge, K Okada

The cellular levels of topoisomerase II expression were compared between 10 fresh human tumors and normal tissues to predict the selective anticancer effect of its inhibitors such as adriamycin and VP-16. Topoisomerase II expression was observed in 9 of the 10 tumor tissues (90.0 per cent), 3 of which showed extremely high levels, whereas only 5 of the normal tissues (50.0 per cent) expressed any cellular topoisomerase II and the levels were not higher than those seen in the cancer cells. Six of the 9 positive tumors showed a higher level of topoisomerase II expression than the normal tissues, while the other 3 showed the same level. It can be interpreted from these results that topoisomerase II inhibitors could be effective in cancer patients due to the greater level of this enzyme in tumor cells than in normal tissues. Thus, it is suggested that a comparative analysis of topoisomerase II expression between tumors and normal tissues may be useful for predicting the selective cytotoxicity of topoisomerase II inhibitors in clinical practice.

比较了10例新鲜人肿瘤和正常组织中拓扑异构酶II的细胞表达水平,以预测其抑制剂如阿霉素和VP-16的选择性抗癌作用。在10个肿瘤组织中有9个(90%)表达拓扑异构酶II,其中3个表现出极高的水平,而只有5个正常组织(50.0%)表达任何细胞拓扑异构酶II,其水平不高于癌细胞。9例阳性肿瘤中有6例拓扑异构酶II表达水平高于正常组织,其余3例表达水平相同。从这些结果可以解释,拓扑异构酶II抑制剂可能对癌症患者有效,因为肿瘤细胞中这种酶的水平高于正常组织。因此,我们建议在肿瘤和正常组织之间比较分析拓扑异构酶II的表达可能有助于预测拓扑异构酶II抑制剂在临床实践中的选择性细胞毒性。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
The Japanese journal of surgery
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