A. Azhar, M. Nashriyah, H. R. M. Hudzairi, K. M. Moneruzzaman, H. Amir, M. R. M. Rohaizad, Amjad Ali
Effects of irrigation were studied in Dioscorea hispida Dennst. (Ubi gadong) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, by quantifying selected agro-morphological parameters under various irrigation frequencies. The automatic timer attached to the power supply was used as a controller, while the pump was controlled by this timer in accordance to the frequencies which had been setup as: 1) watering at everyday in a week (T2); 2) watering at two day interval in a week (T3); 3) watering at five day interval in a week (T4); and 4) watering at six day interval in a week (T5). The control treatment for the frequency of water supplied was 5) watering at one day interval (T1). The ANOVA statistical test between collection time data on effect of irrigation to treatment showed significant differences at D4 (final growth period) for plant height, petiole formation, number of leaf and number of branch; where the P-values were recorded at 0.001, 0.004, 0.005 and 0.010, respectively. All parameters showed an increasing pattern from D0 until D4. The results also indicated that T2 had the highest of all agro-morphological growth parameters, except the number of branch, at mean ± standard error of 389.80 ± 22.47 cm, 46.40 ± 7.80, 139.20 ± 23.40,0.76 ± 0.07 cm and 3.80 ± 1.32 for plant height, petiole formation, number of leaf, stem thickness and number of stem, respectively. T2 showed no significant difference between T1 and T3 for all parameters. Therefore, it was revealed that D. hispida can grow well when grown using irrigation frequency of not more than three day watering interval. This technology will enable water and labor cost saving in commercialized propagation of this plant.
研究了灌溉对薯蓣生长的影响。(Ubi gadong)在马来西亚半岛Terengganu，通过量化不同灌溉频率下选定的农业形态参数。使用电源自带的自动定时器作为控制器，水泵由该定时器按照设定的频率进行控制:1)每周每天浇水(T2);2)一周间隔两天浇水(T3);3)一周间隔5天浇水(T4);4)每周间隔六天浇水(T5)。供水频率的对照处理为每隔1天(T1)浇水。灌溉对处理效果的收集时间数据的方差分析表明，在D4(终生期)，植株高度、叶柄形成、叶片数和分枝数存在显著差异;其中p值分别为0.001、0.004、0.005和0.010。从D0到D4，各参数均呈增加趋势。除分枝数外，T2植株高度、叶柄形成、叶片数、茎粗和茎数的平均±标准误差分别为389.80±22.47 cm、46.40±7.80 cm、139.20±23.40 cm、0.76±0.07 cm和3.80±1.32 cm, T2植株形态生长参数最高。T2与T3各项参数均无显著差异。结果表明，在灌溉频率不超过3 d的条件下，黄皮田葵生长良好。该技术将为该植物的商业化繁殖节省水和人工成本。
{"title":"Effects of irrigation frequencies on aerial agro-morphological parameters of Dioscorea hispida Dennst. (Dioscoreaceae).","authors":"A. Azhar, M. Nashriyah, H. R. M. Hudzairi, K. M. Moneruzzaman, H. Amir, M. R. M. Rohaizad, Amjad Ali","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2812557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2812557","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of irrigation were studied in Dioscorea hispida Dennst. (Ubi gadong) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, by quantifying selected agro-morphological parameters under various irrigation frequencies. The automatic timer attached to the power supply was used as a controller, while the pump was controlled by this timer in accordance to the frequencies which had been setup as: 1) watering at everyday in a week (T2); 2) watering at two day interval in a week (T3); 3) watering at five day interval in a week (T4); and 4) watering at six day interval in a week (T5). The control treatment for the frequency of water supplied was 5) watering at one day interval (T1). The ANOVA statistical test between collection time data on effect of irrigation to treatment showed significant differences at D4 (final growth period) for plant height, petiole formation, number of leaf and number of branch; where the P-values were recorded at 0.001, 0.004, 0.005 and 0.010, respectively. All parameters showed an increasing pattern from D0 until D4. The results also indicated that T2 had the highest of all agro-morphological growth parameters, except the number of branch, at mean ± standard error of 389.80 ± 22.47 cm, 46.40 ± 7.80, 139.20 ± 23.40,0.76 ± 0.07 cm and 3.80 ± 1.32 for plant height, petiole formation, number of leaf, stem thickness and number of stem, respectively. T2 showed no significant difference between T1 and T3 for all parameters. Therefore, it was revealed that D. hispida can grow well when grown using irrigation frequency of not more than three day watering interval. This technology will enable water and labor cost saving in commercialized propagation of this plant.","PeriodicalId":22622,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Applied Sciences Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79853017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, the entrepreneurship area comprehends a broad range of theories and approaches and has been studied in many ways and with different purposes. Authors from all fields of social sciences – economics, sociology, anthropology, psychology , history, politics and several other areas of business sciences – have given contributions to this area. Thus, the entrepreneurship field of research that is still in notorious development, is considered interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary (Davidsson, 1989).Despite the popularity and relevance that the subject has demonstrated, there is no acceptable universal theory that defines with precision the field of intervention on entrepr eneurship, establishing its origin on the crosswise of a set of approaches proceeding from other areas of knowledge (Virtanen, 1997).This study uses the data from tourism to explain how the process generates entrepreneurship in Iran. The process contains data taken from external and internal factors related to globalization, government, market structure, an d market resources. This study will describe in detail the influence and relationship of each factor. Furthermore, tourism has become a very common topic of discussion in Iran promoting it is a core policy practiced in recent years by the government. The process of entrepreneurship has encouragingly promoted the development of tourism, as well created an entrepreneurial society in Iran.
{"title":"The Investigation of the Relation between Entrepreneurship and Globalization, Government, Market Structure, and Market Resources (Case Study in the Tourism Industry of Iran)","authors":"Kamran Nazari, M. Emami","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2298912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2298912","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the entrepreneurship area comprehends a broad range of theories and approaches and has been studied in many ways and with different purposes. Authors from all fields of social sciences – economics, sociology, anthropology, psychology , history, politics and several other areas of business sciences – have given contributions to this area. Thus, the entrepreneurship field of research that is still in notorious development, is considered interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary (Davidsson, 1989).Despite the popularity and relevance that the subject has demonstrated, there is no acceptable universal theory that defines with precision the field of intervention on entrepr eneurship, establishing its origin on the crosswise of a set of approaches proceeding from other areas of knowledge (Virtanen, 1997).This study uses the data from tourism to explain how the process generates entrepreneurship in Iran. The process contains data taken from external and internal factors related to globalization, government, market structure, an d market resources. This study will describe in detail the influence and relationship of each factor. Furthermore, tourism has become a very common topic of discussion in Iran promoting it is a core policy practiced in recent years by the government. The process of entrepreneurship has encouragingly promoted the development of tourism, as well created an entrepreneurial society in Iran.","PeriodicalId":22622,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Applied Sciences Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89528969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.5829/IDOSI.WASJ.2012.20.06.2854
Mohd Syuhaimi Ab-Rahman, L. S. Supian, H. Safnal, M. Harun, K. Jumari
Polymer optical fiber has advantages compared to other alternatives communication media such as copper, coax cable and glass fiber. POF has bigger bandwidth compared to wireless communication network and POF also free from electromagnetic disruption. POF is suitable for communication system up to distance of 100 meters with data speed of 400 Mbps using polymer step-index type. Thus, POF is effective for short haul data transmission. Applications of POF has widen nowadays including the Ethernet network at home or usually known as fiber to the home (FTTH) and in also used in automotive system. To increase the bandwidth of the transmission system, wavelength division multiplexing technique or WDM is applied in this study using optical splitter. Several signals with different wavelengths are multiplexed and carried over a single fiber and demultiplexed at the end of the communication system to obtain the original signal to be directed to the receiver. The advantage of the device developed in this study is that it is easy to construct and inexpensive. Thin-film is used as filter and two main color wavelength used are red and green thin-films. The red thin-film will absorb any other wavelength other than = 650 nm and the green thin-film will absorb any other wavelength that is not around = 510 nm. Characterization is done to test the signal strength with the existence of noise. Optical to noise ratio (OSNR) is measured to determine the optimum distance of the demultiplexer can work effectively. In this study, the maximum distance is taken up to five meters and the signal degradation is small. Although the signal strength decreases linearly with the length of the fiber as the noise increases, the demultiplexer works efficiently for short haul communication system.
{"title":"Osnr performance on hand-made demultiplexer using thin-film filter and splitter in wdm-pof network design for short-haul communication system applications","authors":"Mohd Syuhaimi Ab-Rahman, L. S. Supian, H. Safnal, M. Harun, K. Jumari","doi":"10.5829/IDOSI.WASJ.2012.20.06.2854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.WASJ.2012.20.06.2854","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer optical fiber has advantages compared to other alternatives communication media such as copper, coax cable and glass fiber. POF has bigger bandwidth compared to wireless communication network and POF also free from electromagnetic disruption. POF is suitable for communication system up to distance of 100 meters with data speed of 400 Mbps using polymer step-index type. Thus, POF is effective for short haul data transmission. Applications of POF has widen nowadays including the Ethernet network at home or usually known as fiber to the home (FTTH) and in also used in automotive system. To increase the bandwidth of the transmission system, wavelength division multiplexing technique or WDM is applied in this study using optical splitter. Several signals with different wavelengths are multiplexed and carried over a single fiber and demultiplexed at the end of the communication system to obtain the original signal to be directed to the receiver. The advantage of the device developed in this study is that it is easy to construct and inexpensive. Thin-film is used as filter and two main color wavelength used are red and green thin-films. The red thin-film will absorb any other wavelength other than = 650 nm and the green thin-film will absorb any other wavelength that is not around = 510 nm. Characterization is done to test the signal strength with the existence of noise. Optical to noise ratio (OSNR) is measured to determine the optimum distance of the demultiplexer can work effectively. In this study, the maximum distance is taken up to five meters and the signal degradation is small. Although the signal strength decreases linearly with the length of the fiber as the noise increases, the demultiplexer works efficiently for short haul communication system.","PeriodicalId":22622,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Applied Sciences Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73632398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Residue addition into the soil environment and the changes associated with their additions are important in planning cultural operations and developing appropriate soil management systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different residue management techniques (surface mulch, burning and incorporation, slash and incorporation and control ) on soil properties and grain yield of maize. In all treatments soil ph,OM(g/kg),CEC(cmolkg- ,Avail.P(mgkg- and exchangeable bases( 1 ) 1 ) cmolkg- ) improved significantly (P<0.05) relative to the control. Maize grain yield was higher in residue 1 treated plots relative to the control, in both cropping seasons irrespective of the treatment. The correlation co-efficient between yield and soil properties showed high values indicating that observed improvements in soil properties in amended plots contributed to higher maize grain yield.
{"title":"Effect of different crop residue management techniques on selected soil properties and grain production of maize","authors":"C. Mbah, R. K. Nneji","doi":"10.5897/AJAR09.746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR09.746","url":null,"abstract":"Residue addition into the soil environment and the changes associated with their additions are important in planning cultural operations and developing appropriate soil management systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different residue management techniques (surface mulch, burning and incorporation, slash and incorporation and control ) on soil properties and grain yield of maize. In all treatments soil ph,OM(g/kg),CEC(cmolkg- ,Avail.P(mgkg- and exchangeable bases( 1 ) 1 ) cmolkg- ) improved significantly (P<0.05) relative to the control. Maize grain yield was higher in residue 1 treated plots relative to the control, in both cropping seasons irrespective of the treatment. The correlation co-efficient between yield and soil properties showed high values indicating that observed improvements in soil properties in amended plots contributed to higher maize grain yield.","PeriodicalId":22622,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Applied Sciences Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75787340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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