Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991568
Zs. Tóth, D. Kis
Xenon oscillation is an important phenomena at nuclear power plants with great built-in power capacity. In this mechanism the concentration of the xenon nuclei is changing significantly and not evenly depending on time and space during the chain reaction. As the xenon-135 isotope has a remarkable absorption cross section in the thermal zone, it is crucial to take into account its change throughout the whole lifetime of the reactor. Nowadays most of the planned and constructed nuclear power plants have a high built in capacity and an extended reactor zone which means that xenon oscillation is a real I&C problem of the nuclear energy sector. A great example of these kind of investments is the Hungarian Paks II project in which 2 blocks with 1200 MW capacity each are going to be constructed. As a conclusion for granting nuclear safety it is crucial to be able to simulate the processes concerning the xenon isotopes during the reactor lifetime. The main goal of the research is to simulate precisely the change of the xenon concentration and the phenomenon of xenon oscillation in time and place and to create an algorithm which is able to compensate the change of the output power due to xenon oscillation. The applied model is the one- dimensional diffusion equation coupled with the equations regarding the concentration of xenon and iodine isotopes. In the work finite differences method is used to solve this nonlinear differential equation system in Matlab.
{"title":"Analysis of the effects of xenon oscillation on reactor power","authors":"Zs. Tóth, D. Kis","doi":"10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991568","url":null,"abstract":"Xenon oscillation is an important phenomena at nuclear power plants with great built-in power capacity. In this mechanism the concentration of the xenon nuclei is changing significantly and not evenly depending on time and space during the chain reaction. As the xenon-135 isotope has a remarkable absorption cross section in the thermal zone, it is crucial to take into account its change throughout the whole lifetime of the reactor. Nowadays most of the planned and constructed nuclear power plants have a high built in capacity and an extended reactor zone which means that xenon oscillation is a real I&C problem of the nuclear energy sector. A great example of these kind of investments is the Hungarian Paks II project in which 2 blocks with 1200 MW capacity each are going to be constructed. As a conclusion for granting nuclear safety it is crucial to be able to simulate the processes concerning the xenon isotopes during the reactor lifetime. The main goal of the research is to simulate precisely the change of the xenon concentration and the phenomenon of xenon oscillation in time and place and to create an algorithm which is able to compensate the change of the output power due to xenon oscillation. The applied model is the one- dimensional diffusion equation coupled with the equations regarding the concentration of xenon and iodine isotopes. In the work finite differences method is used to solve this nonlinear differential equation system in Matlab.","PeriodicalId":226881,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127625583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991576
Máté Szirtes, R. Cselkó
The goal of this paper is to present the time domain behavior of the emitted electromagnetic signals of corona discharges, and to show the design process of the measured partial discharge (PD) source. After the introduction of the used physical model, finite element simulations were used to determine the optimal needle-plane electrode distance of the sample. Using the chosen distances, an air insulated needle- plane corona discharge source was created. After this, the emitted electromagnetic signals of the chosen arrangements were measured and recorded in a noise-free environment. To test the proper operation of the discharge source, the time domain behavior of the measured signals were examined by visualizing the activity of the emitted corona discharge signals as the function of the phase angle of the AC testing voltage. These created characteristic patterns successfully showed the effect of electrode distance on the physical processes of corona discharges. The results of the emitted measurements were also consistent with theoretical expectations and properly showed the complex physical processes of the AC corona discharge.
{"title":"Simulation of Corona Discharges and Time Domain Examination of their Emitted Electromagnetic Signals","authors":"Máté Szirtes, R. Cselkó","doi":"10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991576","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper is to present the time domain behavior of the emitted electromagnetic signals of corona discharges, and to show the design process of the measured partial discharge (PD) source. After the introduction of the used physical model, finite element simulations were used to determine the optimal needle-plane electrode distance of the sample. Using the chosen distances, an air insulated needle- plane corona discharge source was created. After this, the emitted electromagnetic signals of the chosen arrangements were measured and recorded in a noise-free environment. To test the proper operation of the discharge source, the time domain behavior of the measured signals were examined by visualizing the activity of the emitted corona discharge signals as the function of the phase angle of the AC testing voltage. These created characteristic patterns successfully showed the effect of electrode distance on the physical processes of corona discharges. The results of the emitted measurements were also consistent with theoretical expectations and properly showed the complex physical processes of the AC corona discharge.","PeriodicalId":226881,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130334912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991574
G. Szabó, Fároly Veszprémi
In the recent years the numbers of electric drives in the automotive and other industries have drastically increased, which leads to the obvious recognition that appropriate control method must be chosen based on the application. The vector control theory itself was described by Hasse and Blaschke in the early ’70s, but the implementation of these methods are still a challenging task for the developer engineers. In most cases, the shaft angle encoder cannot be omitted, since the safety level of the application. But in these cases a sensorless vector control method can be used as backup algorithm, with which the drive systems can be stopped without damaging the drive or the users. This paper summarizes some of the available sensorless vector control methods, which have been successfully implemented in the industry. Comprehensive analysis of the main sensorless techniques, such as Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS), Natural Field Orientation (NFO) and High Frequency Signal injection methods will be presented with their control structure, possible field of application and simulation results.
{"title":"Sensorless Vector Control of AC Drives","authors":"G. Szabó, Fároly Veszprémi","doi":"10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991574","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent years the numbers of electric drives in the automotive and other industries have drastically increased, which leads to the obvious recognition that appropriate control method must be chosen based on the application. The vector control theory itself was described by Hasse and Blaschke in the early ’70s, but the implementation of these methods are still a challenging task for the developer engineers. In most cases, the shaft angle encoder cannot be omitted, since the safety level of the application. But in these cases a sensorless vector control method can be used as backup algorithm, with which the drive systems can be stopped without damaging the drive or the users. This paper summarizes some of the available sensorless vector control methods, which have been successfully implemented in the industry. Comprehensive analysis of the main sensorless techniques, such as Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS), Natural Field Orientation (NFO) and High Frequency Signal injection methods will be presented with their control structure, possible field of application and simulation results.","PeriodicalId":226881,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115627002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991580
P. Belány, Marek Novák, Marek Siranec, M. Roch
This article deals with the possibilities and technical implementation of a lighting retrofit in the common spaces of administrative buildings. These spaces are suitable for retrofit because they contain the same luminaires that can be upgraded. Also the measurements of electricity consumption before and after a retrofit were made to verify the retrofit results. According to the measured values, two kinds of retrofits with different degrees of intelligence were realized. The first is based on motion sensors. The second is based on the motion sensors and measurement the illuminance level to maximize the sunlight usage. The last part comprises the technical and economical conclusion of the implemented systems.
{"title":"Retrofit of the Lighting System in Common Spaces of Buildings","authors":"P. Belány, Marek Novák, Marek Siranec, M. Roch","doi":"10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991580","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the possibilities and technical implementation of a lighting retrofit in the common spaces of administrative buildings. These spaces are suitable for retrofit because they contain the same luminaires that can be upgraded. Also the measurements of electricity consumption before and after a retrofit were made to verify the retrofit results. According to the measured values, two kinds of retrofits with different degrees of intelligence were realized. The first is based on motion sensors. The second is based on the motion sensors and measurement the illuminance level to maximize the sunlight usage. The last part comprises the technical and economical conclusion of the implemented systems.","PeriodicalId":226881,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122791876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991565
A. Lovrenčič, L. Rácz, G. Göcsei, B. Németh
The transmission and distribution network play a central role in the electricity system. According to this, their operational safety and reliability are highly important due to the continuous availability of electrical energy. Live Working (hereinafter referred to as LW) is a group of activities where line workers work on energized network elements, reducing the number of blackouts and interrupts on the network. However, in the last few years the electricity system has changed, so that new challenges have been appeared for system operators. One of the main goals is to increase the flexibility of the transmission and distribution network while maintaining the reliability level. As a result, new methods such as Dynamic Line Rating (hereinafter referred to as DLR) are being introduced to increase the capacity of transmission lines. In addition to the emergence of new methods, existing technologies also need to be reviewed. The main aim of this article is to present how live line maintenance (LLM) equipment test and technology education were revised, and how DLR method could improve the reliability of the distribution network.
{"title":"Improving the Reliability of the Transmission and Distribution Network","authors":"A. Lovrenčič, L. Rácz, G. Göcsei, B. Németh","doi":"10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991565","url":null,"abstract":"The transmission and distribution network play a central role in the electricity system. According to this, their operational safety and reliability are highly important due to the continuous availability of electrical energy. Live Working (hereinafter referred to as LW) is a group of activities where line workers work on energized network elements, reducing the number of blackouts and interrupts on the network. However, in the last few years the electricity system has changed, so that new challenges have been appeared for system operators. One of the main goals is to increase the flexibility of the transmission and distribution network while maintaining the reliability level. As a result, new methods such as Dynamic Line Rating (hereinafter referred to as DLR) are being introduced to increase the capacity of transmission lines. In addition to the emergence of new methods, existing technologies also need to be reviewed. The main aim of this article is to present how live line maintenance (LLM) equipment test and technology education were revised, and how DLR method could improve the reliability of the distribution network.","PeriodicalId":226881,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126163635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991590
D. Szabó, M. Kovács, B. Németh, M. Bizjak
Due to the increasing energy demand, new questions raise for engineers such as how to achieve high utilization of the existing transmission system. For this purpose, the investigation of network equipment and elements is indispensable. Dynamic line rating (DLR) is a cost-efficient way to raise the transmission power capacity of the existing high voltage overhead lines. DLR technology is based on the real-time thermal equilibrium of the conductors, which is the basis of the ampacity calculation of the given line. Therefore, the investigation of the thermal behavior of wires is essential to fine tune the existing calculation methodologies. The aim of this paper is to present the research regarding to the thermal behavior of high voltage conductors performed in the High Voltage Laboratory of Budapest University of Technology and Economics. In this research the time constant of a wire was determined both in case of different static and dynamic thermal processes, thus the heating and cooling mechanism of the conductor can be described in a more precise way in case of thermal monitoring of the wires.
{"title":"Examination of thermal behavior of high voltage conductors","authors":"D. Szabó, M. Kovács, B. Németh, M. Bizjak","doi":"10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991590","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increasing energy demand, new questions raise for engineers such as how to achieve high utilization of the existing transmission system. For this purpose, the investigation of network equipment and elements is indispensable. Dynamic line rating (DLR) is a cost-efficient way to raise the transmission power capacity of the existing high voltage overhead lines. DLR technology is based on the real-time thermal equilibrium of the conductors, which is the basis of the ampacity calculation of the given line. Therefore, the investigation of the thermal behavior of wires is essential to fine tune the existing calculation methodologies. The aim of this paper is to present the research regarding to the thermal behavior of high voltage conductors performed in the High Voltage Laboratory of Budapest University of Technology and Economics. In this research the time constant of a wire was determined both in case of different static and dynamic thermal processes, thus the heating and cooling mechanism of the conductor can be described in a more precise way in case of thermal monitoring of the wires.","PeriodicalId":226881,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128523744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991604
Mitja Antoncic, Maja Mikec, B. Blazic
Distribution networks are gaining attention in the field of the network simulation and analysis. Differences between the distribution networks are tremendous and some network upgrades require prior testing in a simulation environment using a particular network model. An automated algorithm should be used for the network building and the database error mitigation. This paper presents a Matlab algorithm, used to build simulation network model in the OpenDSS software, based on the real network database. Definition of both MV network and underlying LV networks, with all crucial network elements is done simultaneously. Validation results show, that the simulation model is similar to the real network.
{"title":"Development of distribution network model in OpenDSS using Matlab and GIS data","authors":"Mitja Antoncic, Maja Mikec, B. Blazic","doi":"10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991604","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution networks are gaining attention in the field of the network simulation and analysis. Differences between the distribution networks are tremendous and some network upgrades require prior testing in a simulation environment using a particular network model. An automated algorithm should be used for the network building and the database error mitigation. This paper presents a Matlab algorithm, used to build simulation network model in the OpenDSS software, based on the real network database. Definition of both MV network and underlying LV networks, with all crucial network elements is done simultaneously. Validation results show, that the simulation model is similar to the real network.","PeriodicalId":226881,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132232219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991603
Imrich Sánka, D. Petráš
This article shows a real ongoing project called RenoActive, which is financed by company Velux. In cooperation with the company mentioned above an old single-family house was chosen to renovate. Three energy alternatives had been calculated: Standard, Comfort and Deluxe. The thermal insulation system of the building is almost the same in all three alternatives. The alternatives mostly appear in the building services systems. This article evaluates the energy consumption and investment differences between the alternatives.
{"title":"Complex energy renovation of a single-family house in Slovakia","authors":"Imrich Sánka, D. Petráš","doi":"10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991603","url":null,"abstract":"This article shows a real ongoing project called RenoActive, which is financed by company Velux. In cooperation with the company mentioned above an old single-family house was chosen to renovate. Three energy alternatives had been calculated: Standard, Comfort and Deluxe. The thermal insulation system of the building is almost the same in all three alternatives. The alternatives mostly appear in the building services systems. This article evaluates the energy consumption and investment differences between the alternatives.","PeriodicalId":226881,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116186974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991594
Bence Bereczki, B. Hartmann, S. Kertész
The quality problems of power purchased from the public electricity grid may affect the performance of industrial equipment that are sensitive to voltage fluctuations. With the cost of energy storage systems decreasing year by year the addition of new features (e.g. voltage and reactive power control) becomes feasible in addition to industrial applications (such as UPS) that have been used before. By installing the appropriate energy storage system, peak loads can be reduced and spread throughout the day (peak shaving). With the peak shaving ESS application significant cost savings are available to both retail consumers and grid operators but the ones that could profit the most are industrial consumers as they not only pay for fixed power but for predetermined peak loads as well. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate battery energy storage system applications used in industrial environment, highlighting the peak shaving function which has significant economic and technical potential. The design of the peak shaving function is described and explained using the consumption data of an industrial consumer.
{"title":"Industrial Application of Battery Energy Storage Systems: Peak shaving","authors":"Bence Bereczki, B. Hartmann, S. Kertész","doi":"10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991594","url":null,"abstract":"The quality problems of power purchased from the public electricity grid may affect the performance of industrial equipment that are sensitive to voltage fluctuations. With the cost of energy storage systems decreasing year by year the addition of new features (e.g. voltage and reactive power control) becomes feasible in addition to industrial applications (such as UPS) that have been used before. By installing the appropriate energy storage system, peak loads can be reduced and spread throughout the day (peak shaving). With the peak shaving ESS application significant cost savings are available to both retail consumers and grid operators but the ones that could profit the most are industrial consumers as they not only pay for fixed power but for predetermined peak loads as well. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate battery energy storage system applications used in industrial environment, highlighting the peak shaving function which has significant economic and technical potential. The design of the peak shaving function is described and explained using the consumption data of an industrial consumer.","PeriodicalId":226881,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114568107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991589
R. Stropnik, M. Sekavčnik, Andrej Lorrič, M. Mori
Fuel cell and hydrogen (FCH) technologies are expected to add to decarbonisation of energy and transport sector. One thing that prevents FCH commercialization is lack of recycling and dismantling strategies, due to not available lists of critical materials. One of the considered FCH technologies within the EU funded HyTechCycling project is polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which is the focus of this paper. One of the goals of EU project HyTechCycling is to carry out a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of PEMFC technology. Main focus of this paper is to gather and properly set all the data needed for LCA study of the PEMFC system. First the PEMFC was broken down to core components to identify all materials constituting the PEMFC components. For PEMFC the LCA numerical model was done in GaBi Thinkstep software. In first part of the paper the list of common PEMFC materials were identified. Furthermore with this list of materials a LCA study for 1kW PEMFC system was done. The scope of the study was “cradle to gate” with four different scenarios of hydrogen production and 20,000 h of operation. For environmental impact assessment the CML2001 life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methodology was used. LCA results of 1kW PEMFC system shows that in manufacturing phase the stack contributes 60-90% in total environmental impacts and the BoP components are in range of 10-20%. In operation phase the hydrogen production with electrolysis using hydroelectricity and natural gas reforming are scenarios with lowest environmental impacts. The platinum group metals (PGM's), among which Pt is standing out the most, are the biggest contributors in the total environmental impact in the manufacturing phase of 1 kW PEMFC system. Therefore, on average 61% reduction in environmental impacts can be achieved with an assumption of 95% recycling of Pt.
{"title":"Life Cycle Assessment of 1kW PEMFC system with the focus on critical materials","authors":"R. Stropnik, M. Sekavčnik, Andrej Lorrič, M. Mori","doi":"10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IYCE45807.2019.8991589","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel cell and hydrogen (FCH) technologies are expected to add to decarbonisation of energy and transport sector. One thing that prevents FCH commercialization is lack of recycling and dismantling strategies, due to not available lists of critical materials. One of the considered FCH technologies within the EU funded HyTechCycling project is polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which is the focus of this paper. One of the goals of EU project HyTechCycling is to carry out a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of PEMFC technology. Main focus of this paper is to gather and properly set all the data needed for LCA study of the PEMFC system. First the PEMFC was broken down to core components to identify all materials constituting the PEMFC components. For PEMFC the LCA numerical model was done in GaBi Thinkstep software. In first part of the paper the list of common PEMFC materials were identified. Furthermore with this list of materials a LCA study for 1kW PEMFC system was done. The scope of the study was “cradle to gate” with four different scenarios of hydrogen production and 20,000 h of operation. For environmental impact assessment the CML2001 life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methodology was used. LCA results of 1kW PEMFC system shows that in manufacturing phase the stack contributes 60-90% in total environmental impacts and the BoP components are in range of 10-20%. In operation phase the hydrogen production with electrolysis using hydroelectricity and natural gas reforming are scenarios with lowest environmental impacts. The platinum group metals (PGM's), among which Pt is standing out the most, are the biggest contributors in the total environmental impact in the manufacturing phase of 1 kW PEMFC system. Therefore, on average 61% reduction in environmental impacts can be achieved with an assumption of 95% recycling of Pt.","PeriodicalId":226881,"journal":{"name":"2019 7th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE)","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127311158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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