Pub Date : 2011-03-28DOI: 10.2174/1876524601104010037
A. Kakehashi
The purpose of the current article was to describe the diabetic ocular complications in a new animal model of diabetes, the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rat. Three major diabetic ocular complications, cataract, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and neovascular glaucoma develop in the SDT rat. The cataract develops to maturity, and DR develops to the advanced stage. Large retinal folds mimicking a tractional retinal detachment with extensive fluorescein leakage around the optic disc are the most characteristic finding of DR in this rat. In some rats, neovascular glaucoma develops with a massive hemorrhage in the anterior chamber associated with neovascular fibrous membranes around the iris. Although there are some differences in the diabetic ocular complications between SDT rats and human patients with diabetes, the SDT rat model is useful for studying diabetic ocular complications.
{"title":"Diabetic Ocular Complications in the SDT Rat","authors":"A. Kakehashi","doi":"10.2174/1876524601104010037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876524601104010037","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the current article was to describe the diabetic ocular complications in a new animal model of diabetes, the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rat. Three major diabetic ocular complications, cataract, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and neovascular glaucoma develop in the SDT rat. The cataract develops to maturity, and DR develops to the advanced stage. Large retinal folds mimicking a tractional retinal detachment with extensive fluorescein leakage around the optic disc are the most characteristic finding of DR in this rat. In some rats, neovascular glaucoma develops with a massive hemorrhage in the anterior chamber associated with neovascular fibrous membranes around the iris. Although there are some differences in the diabetic ocular complications between SDT rats and human patients with diabetes, the SDT rat model is useful for studying diabetic ocular complications.","PeriodicalId":22762,"journal":{"name":"The Open Diabetes Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"37-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91255443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-05DOI: 10.2174/1876524601104010001
H. Yanai, H. Adachi
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors prevent the inactivation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). This protein, released from the gut following ingestion of a meal, stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon secretion. Compared with other anti-diabetic drugs, the pharmacological characteristics of DDP-4 inhibitor include improvement in postprandial hyperglycemia, low frequency of hypoglycemia, prevention of development of obesity, few adverse events. Taking account of pharmacological characteristic and our therapeutic experiences with DPP-4 inhibitor, we believe that DPP-4 inhibitor may be a useful and safe oral anti-diabetic drug for diabetes in the elderly people, diabetes complicated with obesity, chronic hepatitis/liver cirrhosis, and steroid-induced diabetes.
{"title":"Types of Diabetes that the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor May Act Effectively and Safely","authors":"H. Yanai, H. Adachi","doi":"10.2174/1876524601104010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876524601104010001","url":null,"abstract":"Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors prevent the inactivation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). This protein, released from the gut following ingestion of a meal, stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon secretion. Compared with other anti-diabetic drugs, the pharmacological characteristics of DDP-4 inhibitor include improvement in postprandial hyperglycemia, low frequency of hypoglycemia, prevention of development of obesity, few adverse events. Taking account of pharmacological characteristic and our therapeutic experiences with DPP-4 inhibitor, we believe that DPP-4 inhibitor may be a useful and safe oral anti-diabetic drug for diabetes in the elderly people, diabetes complicated with obesity, chronic hepatitis/liver cirrhosis, and steroid-induced diabetes.","PeriodicalId":22762,"journal":{"name":"The Open Diabetes Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80834788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-18DOI: 10.2174/1876524601003010014
J. Kawahara, I. Usui, T. Haruta, Yukiko Kanatani, K. Hiratani, A. Takano, T. Uno, M. Iwata, Masashi Kobayashi, K. Tobe
IRS-1 is a major substrate for insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. It is reported that intracellular translocation of serine-phosphorylated IRS-1 from low density microsome (LDM) fraction to cytosol attenuates its ability to transmit insulin signaling to the downstream molecules. In this study, we examined which insulin signal and action were affected by translocation of IRS-1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of constitutively active PI3-kinase (p110CAAX) induces translocation of IRS-1 to cytosol without increasing IRS-1tyrosine phosphorylation. IRS-1 protein localized in cytosol fraction in p110CAAX-expressing cells maintained the ability to be tyrosine-phosphorylated by short term insulin treatment. Long term treatment with insulin for 4 to 8 h decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, PI3kinase activity, Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake by second stimulation with insulin. Pretreatment with rapamycin, a specific mTOR inhibitor, increased the protein level of IRS-1 in LDM fraction and restored the attenuated insulin signaling and glucose uptake after long term insulin treatment. On the other hand, pretreatment with lactacystin, a specific proteasomal inhibitor, increased the protein level of serine-phosphorylated IRS-1 in cytosol fraction. In this condition, insulin signaling from IRS-1 to Akt was restored, but glucose uptake was not. Taken together, we conclude that localization of IRS-1 in LDM fraction is necessary for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, while IRS-1, once serinephosphorylated and translocated to cytosol, fails to stimulate glucose uptake despite its intact ability to be tyrosine phosphorylated and to transmit insulin signaling to Akt level.
{"title":"Translocation of IRS-1 to Cytosol Attenuates Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Transport without Affecting PI3-Kinase Activity","authors":"J. Kawahara, I. Usui, T. Haruta, Yukiko Kanatani, K. Hiratani, A. Takano, T. Uno, M. Iwata, Masashi Kobayashi, K. Tobe","doi":"10.2174/1876524601003010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876524601003010014","url":null,"abstract":"IRS-1 is a major substrate for insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. It is reported that intracellular translocation of serine-phosphorylated IRS-1 from low density microsome (LDM) fraction to cytosol attenuates its ability to transmit insulin signaling to the downstream molecules. In this study, we examined which insulin signal and action were affected by translocation of IRS-1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of constitutively active PI3-kinase (p110CAAX) induces translocation of IRS-1 to cytosol without increasing IRS-1tyrosine phosphorylation. IRS-1 protein localized in cytosol fraction in p110CAAX-expressing cells maintained the ability to be tyrosine-phosphorylated by short term insulin treatment. Long term treatment with insulin for 4 to 8 h decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, PI3kinase activity, Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake by second stimulation with insulin. Pretreatment with rapamycin, a specific mTOR inhibitor, increased the protein level of IRS-1 in LDM fraction and restored the attenuated insulin signaling and glucose uptake after long term insulin treatment. On the other hand, pretreatment with lactacystin, a specific proteasomal inhibitor, increased the protein level of serine-phosphorylated IRS-1 in cytosol fraction. In this condition, insulin signaling from IRS-1 to Akt was restored, but glucose uptake was not. Taken together, we conclude that localization of IRS-1 in LDM fraction is necessary for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, while IRS-1, once serinephosphorylated and translocated to cytosol, fails to stimulate glucose uptake despite its intact ability to be tyrosine phosphorylated and to transmit insulin signaling to Akt level.","PeriodicalId":22762,"journal":{"name":"The Open Diabetes Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91056481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-20DOI: 10.2174/1876524601003010011
H. Gu
AC3 is one of adenylyl cyclase isoforms involved in cAMP and insulin signaling pathway. A previous study using Goto-Kakizaki rat, a non-obese type 2 diabetes model, indicates that AC3 is over-expressed in pancreatic islets. A recent genetic study has demonstrated that AC3 DNA polymorphisms are associated with body mass index (BMI) in the subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, AC3 knock out mice exhibit obese when they age mainly due to low locomoter activity, hyperphagia and leptin insensitivity. These findings suggest that AC3 plays an important role in the regulation of body weight. This review summarizes genetic and biological relevancies of AC3 in the regulation of body weight and also discusses about the potential development of anti-obesity drug using AC3 as a target.
{"title":"AC3: A Novel Gene Plays a Role in the Regulation of Body Weight","authors":"H. Gu","doi":"10.2174/1876524601003010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876524601003010011","url":null,"abstract":"AC3 is one of adenylyl cyclase isoforms involved in cAMP and insulin signaling pathway. A previous study using Goto-Kakizaki rat, a non-obese type 2 diabetes model, indicates that AC3 is over-expressed in pancreatic islets. A recent genetic study has demonstrated that AC3 DNA polymorphisms are associated with body mass index (BMI) in the subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, AC3 knock out mice exhibit obese when they age mainly due to low locomoter activity, hyperphagia and leptin insensitivity. These findings suggest that AC3 plays an important role in the regulation of body weight. This review summarizes genetic and biological relevancies of AC3 in the regulation of body weight and also discusses about the potential development of anti-obesity drug using AC3 as a target.","PeriodicalId":22762,"journal":{"name":"The Open Diabetes Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"11-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75377261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-28DOI: 10.2174/1876524601003010006
P. Wändell, A. Carlsson, K. Andersson, C. Gåfvels, L. Tornkvist
A 0.8% reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c) by tactile massage (TM) in patients with diabetes has been shown in a pilot study. The present study was carried out in patients with type 2 diabetes at primary healthcare centers as a parallel-arm clinical study with intention-to-treat analysis, of 10 weeks of TM once/week (n=26) or relaxation using a compact disc once/week (n=27). Anthropometrics were measured, i.e. weight, height, waist and calculation of BMI, blood samples were drawn, i.e. fP-glucose, B-HbA1c, fS-insulin, high-sensitive P-CRP, S-TNF-alpha, S-Interleukin-6, S-Adiponectin, S-Leptin and fP-Ghrelin, urine was collected for 24 hours for catecholamines and cortisol, and questionnaires including lifestyle variables were completed at baseline, after the 10-week intervention and at a follow- up 3 months after the intervention. There was no significant change in HbA1c in either the TM or the relaxation group. Waist circumference was reduced in both groups (p=0.01) but mostly in the TM group, with an adjusted difference between the groups of 4.0 cm (95% confidence interval 1.6-6.4 cm). The S-Adiponectin level increased significantly in the TM group (p=0.0095). TM therapy could not be recommended as a general treatment in subjects with type 2 diabetes. However, further studies in patients with high perceived level of stress and in other patient groups could be of value. The significance of the reduced waist is unclear, but could be of some importance in the long run.
{"title":"Tactile Massage or Relaxation Exercises Do Not Improve the Metabolic Control of Type 2 Diabetics~!2009-12-22~!2010-03-25~!2010-04-28~!","authors":"P. Wändell, A. Carlsson, K. Andersson, C. Gåfvels, L. Tornkvist","doi":"10.2174/1876524601003010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876524601003010006","url":null,"abstract":"A 0.8% reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c) by tactile massage (TM) in patients with diabetes has been shown in a pilot study. The present study was carried out in patients with type 2 diabetes at primary healthcare centers as a parallel-arm clinical study with intention-to-treat analysis, of 10 weeks of TM once/week (n=26) or relaxation using a compact disc once/week (n=27). Anthropometrics were measured, i.e. weight, height, waist and calculation of BMI, blood samples were drawn, i.e. fP-glucose, B-HbA1c, fS-insulin, high-sensitive P-CRP, S-TNF-alpha, S-Interleukin-6, S-Adiponectin, S-Leptin and fP-Ghrelin, urine was collected for 24 hours for catecholamines and cortisol, and questionnaires including lifestyle variables were completed at baseline, after the 10-week intervention and at a follow- up 3 months after the intervention. There was no significant change in HbA1c in either the TM or the relaxation group. Waist circumference was reduced in both groups (p=0.01) but mostly in the TM group, with an adjusted difference between the groups of 4.0 cm (95% confidence interval 1.6-6.4 cm). The S-Adiponectin level increased significantly in the TM group (p=0.0095). TM therapy could not be recommended as a general treatment in subjects with type 2 diabetes. However, further studies in patients with high perceived level of stress and in other patient groups could be of value. The significance of the reduced waist is unclear, but could be of some importance in the long run.","PeriodicalId":22762,"journal":{"name":"The Open Diabetes Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87033322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-22DOI: 10.2174/1876524601003010001
F. Faisal, Shaheen Asghar, M. Hydrie, Prof. Dr. Asher. Fawwad, A. Basit, A. Shera, A. Hussain
Objective: To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among subjects with high-risk of diabetes as assessed by a pre-defined questionnaire in an urban city of Pakistan. Depressive symptoms were also assessed in people with newly diagnosed diabetes along with its determinants. Materials and Methods: High risk subjects were identified by a pre-defined questionnaire which included positive family history of DM, age > 30 yrs, obese or over weight, decreased intake of fruit and vegetables in diet etc. Amongst them 1,825 subjects agreed for OGTT. 1,246 subjects gave consent for the assessment of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were assessed by using the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results: Depressive symptoms were present in 7.4% of the subjects at a rating of > 13 on the MADRS. Mean age of all the subjects was 42 ± 9.4 years while mean BMI was 26.3 ± 5.1 kg/m� . The prevalence of depression was significantly higher in subjects with newly diagnosed diabetes compared to subjects without diabetes (13% vs 6%; p< 0.01). Females were found to be more depressed than males (15.5% vs 3.6%; p< 0.001). Female gender, being financially dependent, and having diabetes were found to be independent risk factors for depression controlling for potential confounding factors. Conclusion: A significantly high percentage of depression, assessed by MADRS was found in subjects with newly diagnosed diabetes as compared to subjects without diabetes. It is of the essence that psychiatric attention may be necessary to be incorporated in diabetes care both for prevention and treatment.
{"title":"Depression and Diabetes in High-Risk Urban Population of Pakistan","authors":"F. Faisal, Shaheen Asghar, M. Hydrie, Prof. Dr. Asher. Fawwad, A. Basit, A. Shera, A. Hussain","doi":"10.2174/1876524601003010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876524601003010001","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among subjects with high-risk of diabetes as assessed by a pre-defined questionnaire in an urban city of Pakistan. Depressive symptoms were also assessed in people with newly diagnosed diabetes along with its determinants. Materials and Methods: High risk subjects were identified by a pre-defined questionnaire which included positive family history of DM, age > 30 yrs, obese or over weight, decreased intake of fruit and vegetables in diet etc. Amongst them 1,825 subjects agreed for OGTT. 1,246 subjects gave consent for the assessment of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were assessed by using the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results: Depressive symptoms were present in 7.4% of the subjects at a rating of > 13 on the MADRS. Mean age of all the subjects was 42 ± 9.4 years while mean BMI was 26.3 ± 5.1 kg/m� . The prevalence of depression was significantly higher in subjects with newly diagnosed diabetes compared to subjects without diabetes (13% vs 6%; p< 0.01). Females were found to be more depressed than males (15.5% vs 3.6%; p< 0.001). Female gender, being financially dependent, and having diabetes were found to be independent risk factors for depression controlling for potential confounding factors. Conclusion: A significantly high percentage of depression, assessed by MADRS was found in subjects with newly diagnosed diabetes as compared to subjects without diabetes. It is of the essence that psychiatric attention may be necessary to be incorporated in diabetes care both for prevention and treatment.","PeriodicalId":22762,"journal":{"name":"The Open Diabetes Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87734910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-07DOI: 10.2174/1876524600902010062
I. Aursnes, M. Klemp, T. Stürmer
Objective: Pioglitazone lowers triglycerides and is indifferent towards low-density lipoproteins (LDL), while rosiglitazone has no effect on triglycerides and increases LDL. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in thiazolidinediones differs. Methods: We followed a cohort from the Norwegian Prescription Database consisting of 4,009 and 740 first time users of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone respectively for three years. We estimated the propensity score for rosiglitazone vs pioglitazone based on age, gender, and the use of 13 drug classes. We used the initiation of platelet aggregation inhibitors, lipid lowering drugs, beta-adrenergic blockers, and renin-angiotensin inhibitors as a proxy for AMI after testing the validity of these endpoints in a separate cohort of patients suffering their first AMI. We estimated hazard ratios (HR, rosiglitazone vs pioglitazone) and their 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) for AMI using Cox proportional hazards models stratified by propensity score deciles. Results: During the first six months after initiation the incidences of the initiation of platelet aggregation inhibitors were the same with both glitazones (HR=1.0; 95 % CI: 0.65-1.52). More than six months after initiation, rosiglitazone was associated with an increased risk of initiating platelet aggregation inhibitors compared with pioglitazone (HR=1.68; 95 % CI: 1.09-2.61). We observed no difference between the glitazones and the initiation of any of the other drug classes assessed. Conclusions: Albeit indirectly, our cohort study supports the hypothesis that the two thiazolidinediones differ in their risk of AMI, based on monitoring over a period of three years the initiation of drug classes indicated after AMI.
{"title":"Do Various Glitazones Have the Same Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction? Indirect Evidence from a Population-Based Norwegian Cohort Study","authors":"I. Aursnes, M. Klemp, T. Stürmer","doi":"10.2174/1876524600902010062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876524600902010062","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Pioglitazone lowers triglycerides and is indifferent towards low-density lipoproteins (LDL), while rosiglitazone has no effect on triglycerides and increases LDL. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in thiazolidinediones differs. Methods: We followed a cohort from the Norwegian Prescription Database consisting of 4,009 and 740 first time users of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone respectively for three years. We estimated the propensity score for rosiglitazone vs pioglitazone based on age, gender, and the use of 13 drug classes. We used the initiation of platelet aggregation inhibitors, lipid lowering drugs, beta-adrenergic blockers, and renin-angiotensin inhibitors as a proxy for AMI after testing the validity of these endpoints in a separate cohort of patients suffering their first AMI. We estimated hazard ratios (HR, rosiglitazone vs pioglitazone) and their 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) for AMI using Cox proportional hazards models stratified by propensity score deciles. Results: During the first six months after initiation the incidences of the initiation of platelet aggregation inhibitors were the same with both glitazones (HR=1.0; 95 % CI: 0.65-1.52). More than six months after initiation, rosiglitazone was associated with an increased risk of initiating platelet aggregation inhibitors compared with pioglitazone (HR=1.68; 95 % CI: 1.09-2.61). We observed no difference between the glitazones and the initiation of any of the other drug classes assessed. Conclusions: Albeit indirectly, our cohort study supports the hypothesis that the two thiazolidinediones differ in their risk of AMI, based on monitoring over a period of three years the initiation of drug classes indicated after AMI.","PeriodicalId":22762,"journal":{"name":"The Open Diabetes Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"62-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85469888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-31DOI: 10.2174/1876524600902010060
S. Honjo, H. Ikeda, Y. Kawasaki, Y. Wada, Y. Hamamoto, Tomohisa Aoyama, T. Kimura, K. Nomura, H. Koshiyama
We investigated the efficacy and safety of miglitol, a new alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, by switching from voglibose in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Subjects included those who had previously been administered with voglibose (n=90, 0.6mg/day). After voglibose was changed into miglitol (150mg/day), HbA1C level, body weight and abdominal symptoms were evaluated six months later. HbA1C level was significantly decreased from 7.8±1.2 to 7.3±1.0% (P<0.01). Body weight showed a small but significant decrease after 6 months (62.5±11.0 to 62.1±12.3kg, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between frequencies of side effects before and after switching from voglibose to miglitol. This study suggests the efficacy and safety of miglitol to improve glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, who had previously been treated with voglibose. Several recent studies have suggested that the clinical significance of postprandial hyperglycemia in relation to the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications (1). In 2007, International Diabetes Federation has announced the guideline which claimed that postprandial glucose should be less than 140mg/dl (2). Miglitol is a new alpha-glucosidase inhibitor ( -GI), which has recently been approved for clinical use in Japan. A distinctive feature of miglitol is that it is partially absorbed from the upper portion of the small intestine, thereby making it possible to administer in large doses. Although there have been several preliminary reports about the effects of miglitol on glycemic control (3), there has been no study which compares the clinical effects of miglitol and other -GIs. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of miglitol by switching from voglibose, another - GI, which has broadly been used in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Subjects included a total of 90 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (54 men and 36 women, mean age 66.5±SD10.9 years), who had previously been administered with voglibose (0.6mg/day). In all subjects, voglibose was changed into miglitol (150mg/day). Serum HbA1C level, plasma postprandial C-peptide level (2 h after the meal), body weight and abdominal symptoms were evaluated before and 6 months after switching from voglibose to miglitol. The data was expressed as mean±SD. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t test between the two groups. Differences were defined as significant at P < 0.05.
{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Miglitol: Switching Study from Voglibose in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"S. Honjo, H. Ikeda, Y. Kawasaki, Y. Wada, Y. Hamamoto, Tomohisa Aoyama, T. Kimura, K. Nomura, H. Koshiyama","doi":"10.2174/1876524600902010060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876524600902010060","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the efficacy and safety of miglitol, a new alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, by switching from voglibose in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Subjects included those who had previously been administered with voglibose (n=90, 0.6mg/day). After voglibose was changed into miglitol (150mg/day), HbA1C level, body weight and abdominal symptoms were evaluated six months later. HbA1C level was significantly decreased from 7.8±1.2 to 7.3±1.0% (P<0.01). Body weight showed a small but significant decrease after 6 months (62.5±11.0 to 62.1±12.3kg, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between frequencies of side effects before and after switching from voglibose to miglitol. This study suggests the efficacy and safety of miglitol to improve glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, who had previously been treated with voglibose. Several recent studies have suggested that the clinical significance of postprandial hyperglycemia in relation to the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications (1). In 2007, International Diabetes Federation has announced the guideline which claimed that postprandial glucose should be less than 140mg/dl (2). Miglitol is a new alpha-glucosidase inhibitor ( -GI), which has recently been approved for clinical use in Japan. A distinctive feature of miglitol is that it is partially absorbed from the upper portion of the small intestine, thereby making it possible to administer in large doses. Although there have been several preliminary reports about the effects of miglitol on glycemic control (3), there has been no study which compares the clinical effects of miglitol and other -GIs. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of miglitol by switching from voglibose, another - GI, which has broadly been used in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Subjects included a total of 90 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (54 men and 36 women, mean age 66.5±SD10.9 years), who had previously been administered with voglibose (0.6mg/day). In all subjects, voglibose was changed into miglitol (150mg/day). Serum HbA1C level, plasma postprandial C-peptide level (2 h after the meal), body weight and abdominal symptoms were evaluated before and 6 months after switching from voglibose to miglitol. The data was expressed as mean±SD. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t test between the two groups. Differences were defined as significant at P < 0.05.","PeriodicalId":22762,"journal":{"name":"The Open Diabetes Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"60-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80775181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-20DOI: 10.2174/1876524600902010053
C. Nakao, M. Ángel, Sala Di Mateo, M. Komesu
A common complication of diabetes is impaired wound healing. Systemic tetracycline improves healing in diabetics, but causes adverse side affects. There are no informations regarding topical tetracyclin use. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of topical tetracycline on wound healing. METHODS: Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by alloxan use. The control group comprised age-matched animals not submitted to alloxan injection. Diabetic state was confirmed by glycosuria and hyperglycemia. Under tribromoethanol anesthesia, four skin wounds (4mm diameter), were performed on shaved dorsal area (2 each side of median line). Topical tetracycline was applied daily only on both wounds on right side of median line. Animals were sacrificed on day 3 or 7 after surgery and tissue samples were prepared and observed under light microscopy. Histological, histometric and stereological methods were used for analysis. RESULTS: Topical tetracycline accelerated wound closure in diabetic compared to nondiabetic rats. No expressive effects were observed in controls. CONCLUSION: Topical tetracycline could be helpful in diabetics, in order to improve the wound healing process avoiding possible adverse effects from systemic medication. Furthermore, there was no indication that tetracycline improoves wound healing on controls.
{"title":"Effects of Topical Tetracycline in Wound Healing on Experimental Diabetes in Rats","authors":"C. Nakao, M. Ángel, Sala Di Mateo, M. Komesu","doi":"10.2174/1876524600902010053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876524600902010053","url":null,"abstract":"A common complication of diabetes is impaired wound healing. Systemic tetracycline improves healing in diabetics, but causes adverse side affects. There are no informations regarding topical tetracyclin use. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of topical tetracycline on wound healing. METHODS: Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by alloxan use. The control group comprised age-matched animals not submitted to alloxan injection. Diabetic state was confirmed by glycosuria and hyperglycemia. Under tribromoethanol anesthesia, four skin wounds (4mm diameter), were performed on shaved dorsal area (2 each side of median line). Topical tetracycline was applied daily only on both wounds on right side of median line. Animals were sacrificed on day 3 or 7 after surgery and tissue samples were prepared and observed under light microscopy. Histological, histometric and stereological methods were used for analysis. RESULTS: Topical tetracycline accelerated wound closure in diabetic compared to nondiabetic rats. No expressive effects were observed in controls. CONCLUSION: Topical tetracycline could be helpful in diabetics, in order to improve the wound healing process avoiding possible adverse effects from systemic medication. Furthermore, there was no indication that tetracycline improoves wound healing on controls.","PeriodicalId":22762,"journal":{"name":"The Open Diabetes Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"53-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79698618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-14DOI: 10.2174/1876524600902010048
S. Vasi, A. Austin
Antioxidative potential of four commonly used Indian medicinal plants Gymnema sylvestre, Salacia reticulata, Cassia auriculata and Eugenia jambolanum was screened for its antidiabetic activity by streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Lipid peroxide levels were also measured in normal, diabetic and treated animals. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher and antioxidant activity was found low in diabetic groups as compared to the control groups, and significant alteration in both the MDA levels and antioxidant activity was also observed when the above herbal hypoglycemic agents were given to diabetic rats. The results confirm that the herbs were not only useful in controlling the lipid peroxide levels but are also helpful in further strengthening the antioxidant potential.
{"title":"Effect of Herbal Hypoglycemics on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Diabetic Rats","authors":"S. Vasi, A. Austin","doi":"10.2174/1876524600902010048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876524600902010048","url":null,"abstract":"Antioxidative potential of four commonly used Indian medicinal plants Gymnema sylvestre, Salacia reticulata, Cassia auriculata and Eugenia jambolanum was screened for its antidiabetic activity by streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Lipid peroxide levels were also measured in normal, diabetic and treated animals. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher and antioxidant activity was found low in diabetic groups as compared to the control groups, and significant alteration in both the MDA levels and antioxidant activity was also observed when the above herbal hypoglycemic agents were given to diabetic rats. The results confirm that the herbs were not only useful in controlling the lipid peroxide levels but are also helpful in further strengthening the antioxidant potential.","PeriodicalId":22762,"journal":{"name":"The Open Diabetes Journal","volume":"2015 1","pages":"48-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73911720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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