Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fdigh.2017.00005
Felix Bensmann, Benjamin Zapilko, Philipp Mayr
In the area of Linked Open Data (LOD) meaningful and high-performance interlinking of different datasets has become an ongoing challenge. Necessary tasks are supported by established standards and software, e.g. for the transformation, storage, interlinking and publication of data. Our use case Swissbib is a well-known provider for bibliographic data in Switzerland representing various libraries and library networks. In this article, a case study is presented from the project linked.swissbib.ch which focuses on the preparation and publication of the Swissbib data by means of LOD. Data available in Marc21 XML is extracted from the Swissbib system and transformed into an RDF/XML representation. From the approx. 21 million monolithic records the author information is extracted and interlinked with authority files from the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) and DBpedia. The links are used to extract additional data from the counterpart corpora. Afterwards, data is pushed into an Elasticsearch index to make the data accessible for other components. As a demonstrator, a search portal is developed which presents the additional data and the generated links to users. In addition to that, a REST interface is developed in order to enable also access by other applications. A main obstacle in this project is the amount of data and the necessity of day-to-day (partial) updates. In the current situation the data in Swissbib and in the external corpora are too large to be processed by established linking tools. The arising memory footprint prevents the correct functioning of these tools. Also triple stores are unhandy by revealing a massive overhead for import and update operations. Hence, we have developed procedures for extracting and shaping the data into a more suitable form, e.g. data is reduced to the necessary properties and blocked. For this purpose, we used sorted N-Triples as an intermediate data format. This method proved to be very promising as our preliminary results show. Our approach could establish 30,773 links to DBpedia and 20,714 links to VIAF and both link sets show high precision values and could be generated in reasonable expenditures of time.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fdigh.2015.00004
L. Pugin
Most of our work in the humanities is increasingly driven by digital technology. Musicology is no exception and the field is undergoing the same revolution as all disciplines in the humanities. There are at least two key areas in which digital technology is transforming research: access and scale. Technology, and the internet in particular, has radically changed how we can access data, but also how we can make research results accessible to others. Correlatively, the scope of projects can be broadened to a completely new extent. What does this mean for musicology? Scholars in musicology base their work on a wide range of materials. Since most of the music that forms our heritage in Western culture has been preserved in a text-based form, this is by far, the most widely used type of material for musicological studies. Handwritten and printed sources constitute the core data, but historical studies also rely on various types of textual and archival material, be they letter writings, libretti, or inventories of diverse kind. These are essential for understanding the socio-economic context in which the music sources were written or produced and for better understanding of specific aspects, such as performance practice of the time. Performance practice study itself may also be based on sound recordings when focusing on relatively recent history, as it is often the case for studies in ethno-musicology or in folk-songs (Cook, 2010). Obtaining access to the sources has always been a struggle for musicologists. Only a few years ago, studying a particular source meant first locating the relevant sources using printed bibliographies, writing to the holding library, and then waiting for a microfilm to be prepared and sent out. The process could take months and be unpredictably expensive, with no guarantee of success. Such an obstacle seriously reduced the breadth of research musicologists could reasonably envisage, with a consequent inclination toward close-reading approaches on a restricted set of sources. With the coming of the digital world, the situation changed. Many resources are now available online, including the bibliographic finding aids, which makes locating sources significantly easier. Collections are being digitized and made accessible online, which greatly facilitates access to them for musicologists. This is also the case for secondary sources. Some projects are composer-specific, such as the Digital Archive of the Beethoven-Haus, others are repertoire-oriented, such as the digital image archive for medieval manuscripts (DIAMM) or based on a particular library collection, such as the Julliard Manuscript Collection, to cite only three examples. In the archives, digital cameras are often allowed and can be used to capture sources quickly. It is now straightforward for scholars to store thousands of images on their personal computer, in the cloud, or even share them on community websites, although this in its turn raises new copyright concerns.W
我们在人文学科的大部分工作越来越多地受到数字技术的推动。音乐学也不例外，这个领域正经历着与所有人文学科同样的革命。数字技术正在改变研究的至少两个关键领域:获取途径和规模。科技，尤其是互联网，已经从根本上改变了我们获取数据的方式，也改变了我们让他人获得研究成果的方式。相应的，项目的范围可以扩大到一个全新的程度。这对音乐学意味着什么?音乐学学者的工作是建立在广泛的材料基础上的。由于构成我们西方文化遗产的大多数音乐都以文本形式保存下来，这是迄今为止音乐学研究中使用最广泛的材料类型。手写和印刷材料构成了核心数据，但历史研究也依赖于各种类型的文本和档案材料，无论是书信、手稿还是各种各样的清单。这些对于理解音乐来源写作或制作的社会经济背景以及更好地理解特定方面(例如当时的表演实践)至关重要。当关注相对较近的历史时，表演实践研究本身也可能基于录音，就像民族音乐学或民歌研究中经常出现的情况一样(Cook, 2010)。对音乐学家来说，获取资料一直是一个难题。就在几年前，研究一个特定的资料来源意味着首先要用印刷的参考书目找到相关的资料来源，给馆藏图书馆写信，然后等待准备好缩微胶卷并发出去。这个过程可能需要几个月的时间，而且成本高得难以预测，而且无法保证成功。这样的障碍严重减少了音乐学家可以合理设想的研究广度，因此倾向于对一组有限的来源进行仔细阅读。随着数字世界的到来，情况发生了变化。许多资源现在都可以在网上找到，包括书目查找辅助工具，这使得查找资源变得非常容易。收藏正在被数字化，并可以在网上访问，这极大地方便了音乐学家访问它们。二手资料也是如此。一些项目是针对作曲家的，比如贝多芬之家的数字档案，另一些则是面向曲目的，比如中世纪手稿的数字图像档案(DIAMM)，或者基于特定的图书馆收藏，比如茱莉亚手稿收藏，这里只举三个例子。在档案中，数码相机经常被允许使用，可以用来快速捕捉资料来源。现在，学者们可以直接将数千张图片存储在他们的个人电脑、云端，甚至在社区网站上分享，尽管这反过来又引发了新的版权问题。还有什么问题需要解决?音乐学的数字访问仍然压倒性地与图像联系在一起。几个重要的数字音乐学研究项目，如OCVE和Edirom项目，主要关注文献学问题，在广泛依赖数字图像资源方面非常成功(Bradley和Vetch, 2007;Bohl et al.， 2011)。然而，数字音乐学项目，解决范围广泛的其他问题，如音乐分析或音乐搜索，需要访问音乐本身的数字形式，被称为基于内容的资源。音乐学从来没有落后于其他学科在这些领域的计算方法实验，相当
{"title":"The Challenge of Data in Digital Musicology","authors":"L. Pugin","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2015.00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2015.00004","url":null,"abstract":"Most of our work in the humanities is increasingly driven by digital technology. Musicology is no exception and the field is undergoing the same revolution as all disciplines in the humanities. There are at least two key areas in which digital technology is transforming research: access and scale. Technology, and the internet in particular, has radically changed how we can access data, but also how we can make research results accessible to others. Correlatively, the scope of projects can be broadened to a completely new extent. What does this mean for musicology? Scholars in musicology base their work on a wide range of materials. Since most of the music that forms our heritage in Western culture has been preserved in a text-based form, this is by far, the most widely used type of material for musicological studies. Handwritten and printed sources constitute the core data, but historical studies also rely on various types of textual and archival material, be they letter writings, libretti, or inventories of diverse kind. These are essential for understanding the socio-economic context in which the music sources were written or produced and for better understanding of specific aspects, such as performance practice of the time. Performance practice study itself may also be based on sound recordings when focusing on relatively recent history, as it is often the case for studies in ethno-musicology or in folk-songs (Cook, 2010). Obtaining access to the sources has always been a struggle for musicologists. Only a few years ago, studying a particular source meant first locating the relevant sources using printed bibliographies, writing to the holding library, and then waiting for a microfilm to be prepared and sent out. The process could take months and be unpredictably expensive, with no guarantee of success. Such an obstacle seriously reduced the breadth of research musicologists could reasonably envisage, with a consequent inclination toward close-reading approaches on a restricted set of sources. With the coming of the digital world, the situation changed. Many resources are now available online, including the bibliographic finding aids, which makes locating sources significantly easier. Collections are being digitized and made accessible online, which greatly facilitates access to them for musicologists. This is also the case for secondary sources. Some projects are composer-specific, such as the Digital Archive of the Beethoven-Haus, others are repertoire-oriented, such as the digital image archive for medieval manuscripts (DIAMM) or based on a particular library collection, such as the Julliard Manuscript Collection, to cite only three examples. In the archives, digital cameras are often allowed and can be used to capture sources quickly. It is now straightforward for scholars to store thousands of images on their personal computer, in the cloud, or even share them on community websites, although this in its turn raises new copyright concerns.W","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116682118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fdigh.2015.00002
J. V. Erp, A. Toet
Touch is our primary non-verbal communication channel for conveying intimate emotions and as such essential for our physical and emotional wellbeing. In our digital age, human social interaction is often mediated. However, even though there is increasing evidence that mediated touch affords affective communication, current communication systems (such as videoconferencing) still do not support communication through the sense of touch. As a result, mediated communication does not provide the intense affective experience of co-located communication. The need for ICT mediated or generated touch as an intuitive way of social communication is even further emphasized by the growing interest in the use of touch-enabled agents and robots for healthcare, teaching, and telepresence applications. Here, we review the important role of social touch in our daily life and the available evidence that affective touch can be mediated reliably between humans and between humans and digital agents. We base our observations on evidence from psychology, computer science, sociology, and neuroscience with focus on the first two. Our review shows that mediated affective touch can modulate physiological responses, increase trust and affection, help to establish bonds between humans and avatars or robots, and initiate pro-social behavior. We argue that ICT mediated or generated social touch can (a) intensify the perceived social presence of remote communication partners and (b) enable computer systems to more effectively convey affective information. However, this research field on the crossroads of ICT and psychology is still embryonic and we identify several topics that can help to mature the field in the following areas: establishing an overarching theoretical framework, employing better research methodologies, developing basic social touch building blocks, and solving specific ICT challenges.
{"title":"Social Touch in Human–Computer Interaction","authors":"J. V. Erp, A. Toet","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2015.00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2015.00002","url":null,"abstract":"Touch is our primary non-verbal communication channel for conveying intimate emotions and as such essential for our physical and emotional wellbeing. In our digital age, human social interaction is often mediated. However, even though there is increasing evidence that mediated touch affords affective communication, current communication systems (such as videoconferencing) still do not support communication through the sense of touch. As a result, mediated communication does not provide the intense affective experience of co-located communication. The need for ICT mediated or generated touch as an intuitive way of social communication is even further emphasized by the growing interest in the use of touch-enabled agents and robots for healthcare, teaching, and telepresence applications. Here, we review the important role of social touch in our daily life and the available evidence that affective touch can be mediated reliably between humans and between humans and digital agents. We base our observations on evidence from psychology, computer science, sociology, and neuroscience with focus on the first two. Our review shows that mediated affective touch can modulate physiological responses, increase trust and affection, help to establish bonds between humans and avatars or robots, and initiate pro-social behavior. We argue that ICT mediated or generated social touch can (a) intensify the perceived social presence of remote communication partners and (b) enable computer systems to more effectively convey affective information. However, this research field on the crossroads of ICT and psychology is still embryonic and we identify several topics that can help to mature the field in the following areas: establishing an overarching theoretical framework, employing better research methodologies, developing basic social touch building blocks, and solving specific ICT challenges.","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114979281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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