Pub Date : 2018-04-05DOI: 10.3389/fdigh.2018.00005
A. Jacobs
This paper describes a corpus of about 3000 English literary texts with about 250 million words extracted from the Gutenberg project that span a range of genres from both fiction and non-fiction written by more than 130 authors (e.g., Darwin, Dickens, Shakespeare). Quantitative Narrative Analysis (QNA) is used to explore a cleaned subcorpus, the Gutenberg English Poetry Corpus (GEPC) which comprises over 100 poetic texts with around 2 million words from about 50 authors (e.g., Keats, Joyce, Wordsworth). Some exemplary QNA studies show author similarities based on latent semantic analysis, significant topics for each author or various text-analytic metrics for George Eliot’s poem ‘How Lisa Loved the King’ and James Joyce’s ’Chamber Music’, concerning e.g. lexical diversity or sentiment analysis. The GEPC is particularly suited for research in Digital Humanities, Natural Language Processing or Neurocognitive Poetics, e.g. as training and test corpus, or for stimulus development and control.
{"title":"The Gutenberg English Poetry Corpus: Exemplary Quantitative Narrative Analyses","authors":"A. Jacobs","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2018.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2018.00005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a corpus of about 3000 English literary texts with about 250 million words extracted from the Gutenberg project that span a range of genres from both fiction and non-fiction written by more than 130 authors (e.g., Darwin, Dickens, Shakespeare). Quantitative Narrative Analysis (QNA) is used to explore a cleaned subcorpus, the Gutenberg English Poetry Corpus (GEPC) which comprises over 100 poetic texts with around 2 million words from about 50 authors (e.g., Keats, Joyce, Wordsworth). Some exemplary QNA studies show author similarities based on latent semantic analysis, significant topics for each author or various text-analytic metrics for George Eliot’s poem ‘How Lisa Loved the King’ and James Joyce’s ’Chamber Music’, concerning e.g. lexical diversity or sentiment analysis. The GEPC is particularly suited for research in Digital Humanities, Natural Language Processing or Neurocognitive Poetics, e.g. as training and test corpus, or for stimulus development and control.","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125751020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-09DOI: 10.3389/fdigh.2018.00002
Miguel Won, Patricia Murrieta-Flores, Bruno Martins
The field of Spatial Humanities has advanced substantially in the past years. The identification and extraction of toponyms and spatial information mentioned in historical text collections has allowed its use in innovative ways, making possible the application of spatial analysis and the mapping of these places with Geographic Information Systems. For instance, automated place name identification is nowadays possible with Named Entity Recognition (NER) systems. Statistical NER methods based on supervised learning, in particular, are highly successful with modern datasets. However, there are still major challenges to address when dealing with historical corpora. These challenges include language changes over time, spelling variations, transliterations, OCR errors, and sources written in multiple languages among others. In this article, considering a task of place name recognition over two collections of historical correspondence, we report an evaluation of five NER systems and an approach that combines these through a voting system. We found that although individual performance of each NER system was corpus dependent, the ensemble combination was able to achieve consistent measures of precision and recall, outperforming the individual NER systems. Additionally, the results showed that these NER system are not strongly dependent on pre-processing and translation to modern English.
{"title":"Ensemble Named Entity Recognition (NER): Evaluating NER Tools in the Identification of Place Names in Historical Corpora","authors":"Miguel Won, Patricia Murrieta-Flores, Bruno Martins","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2018.00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2018.00002","url":null,"abstract":"The field of Spatial Humanities has advanced substantially in the past years. The identification and extraction of toponyms and spatial information mentioned in historical text collections has allowed its use in innovative ways, making possible the application of spatial analysis and the mapping of these places with Geographic Information Systems. For instance, automated place name identification is nowadays possible with Named Entity Recognition (NER) systems. Statistical NER methods based on supervised learning, in particular, are highly successful with modern datasets. However, there are still major challenges to address when dealing with historical corpora. These challenges include language changes over time, spelling variations, transliterations, OCR errors, and sources written in multiple languages among others. In this article, considering a task of place name recognition over two collections of historical correspondence, we report an evaluation of five NER systems and an approach that combines these through a voting system. We found that although individual performance of each NER system was corpus dependent, the ensemble combination was able to achieve consistent measures of precision and recall, outperforming the individual NER systems. Additionally, the results showed that these NER system are not strongly dependent on pre-processing and translation to modern English.","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131068196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-20DOI: 10.3389/fdigh.2018.00001
S. Balke, C. Dittmar, J. Abeßer, K. Frieler, Martin Pfleiderer, Meinard Müller
Web services allow permanent access to music from all over the world. Especially in the case of web services with user-supplied content, e.g., YouTube(TM), the available metadata is often incomplete or erroneous. On the other hand, a vast amount of high-quality and musically relevant metadata has been annotated in research areas such as Music Information Retrieval (MIR). Although they have great potential, these musical annotations are ofter inaccessible to users outside the academic world. With our contribution, we want to bridge this gap by enriching publicly available multimedia content with musical annotations available in research corpora, while maintaining easy access to the underlying data. Our web-based tools offer researchers and music lovers novel possibilities to interact with and navigate through the content. In this paper, we consider a research corpus called the Weimar Jazz Database (WJD) as an illustrating example scenario. The WJD contains various annotations related to famous jazz solos. First, we establish a link between the WJD annotations and corresponding YouTube videos employing existing retrieval techniques. With these techniques, we were able to identify 988 corresponding YouTube videos for 329 solos out of 456 solos contained in the WJD. We then embed the retrieved videos in a recently developed web-based platform and enrich the videos with solo transcriptions that are part of the WJD. Furthermore, we integrate publicly available data resources from the Semantic Web in order to extend the presented information, for example, with a detailed discography or artists-related information. Our contribution illustrates the potential of modern web-based technologies for the digital humanities, and novel ways for improving access and interaction with digitized multimedia content.
{"title":"Bridging the Gap: Enriching YouTube Videos with Jazz Music Annotations","authors":"S. Balke, C. Dittmar, J. Abeßer, K. Frieler, Martin Pfleiderer, Meinard Müller","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2018.00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2018.00001","url":null,"abstract":"Web services allow permanent access to music from all over the world. Especially in the case of web services with user-supplied content, e.g., YouTube(TM), the available metadata is often incomplete or erroneous. On the other hand, a vast amount of high-quality and musically relevant metadata has been annotated in research areas such as Music Information Retrieval (MIR). Although they have great potential, these musical annotations are ofter inaccessible to users outside the academic world. With our contribution, we want to bridge this gap by enriching publicly available multimedia content with musical annotations available in research corpora, while maintaining easy access to the underlying data. Our web-based tools offer researchers and music lovers novel possibilities to interact with and navigate through the content. In this paper, we consider a research corpus called the Weimar Jazz Database (WJD) as an illustrating example scenario. The WJD contains various annotations related to famous jazz solos. First, we establish a link between the WJD annotations and corresponding YouTube videos employing existing retrieval techniques. With these techniques, we were able to identify 988 corresponding YouTube videos for 329 solos out of 456 solos contained in the WJD. We then embed the retrieved videos in a recently developed web-based platform and enrich the videos with solo transcriptions that are part of the WJD. Furthermore, we integrate publicly available data resources from the Semantic Web in order to extend the presented information, for example, with a detailed discography or artists-related information. Our contribution illustrates the potential of modern web-based technologies for the digital humanities, and novel ways for improving access and interaction with digitized multimedia content.","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115638058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-24DOI: 10.3389/fdigh.2018.00028
Sophie Melville, Kathryn Eccles, T. Yasseri
The Everyday Sexism Project documents everyday examples of sexism reported by volunteer contributors from all around the world. It collected 100,000 entries in 13+ languages within the first 3 years of its existence. The content of reports in various languages submitted to Everyday Sexism is a valuable source of crowdsourced information with great potential for feminist and gender studies. In this paper, we take a computational approach to analyze the content of reports. We use topic-modelling techniques to extract emerging topics and concepts from the reports, and to map the semantic relations between those topics. The resulting picture closely resembles and adds to that arrived at through qualitative analysis, showing that this form of topic modeling could be useful for sifting through datasets that had not previously been subject to any analysis. More precisely, we come up with a map of topics for two different resolutions of our topic model and discuss the connection between the identified topics. In the low-resolution picture, for instance, we found Public space/Street, Online, Work related/Office, Transport, School, Media harassment, and Domestic abuse. Among these, the strongest connection is between Public space/Street harassment and Domestic abuse and sexism in personal relationships. The strength of the relationships between topics illustrates the fluid and ubiquitous nature of sexism, with no single experience being unrelated to another.
{"title":"Topic Modeling of Everyday Sexism Project Entries","authors":"Sophie Melville, Kathryn Eccles, T. Yasseri","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2018.00028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2018.00028","url":null,"abstract":"The Everyday Sexism Project documents everyday examples of sexism reported by volunteer contributors from all around the world. It collected 100,000 entries in 13+ languages within the first 3 years of its existence. The content of reports in various languages submitted to Everyday Sexism is a valuable source of crowdsourced information with great potential for feminist and gender studies. In this paper, we take a computational approach to analyze the content of reports. We use topic-modelling techniques to extract emerging topics and concepts from the reports, and to map the semantic relations between those topics. The resulting picture closely resembles and adds to that arrived at through qualitative analysis, showing that this form of topic modeling could be useful for sifting through datasets that had not previously been subject to any analysis. More precisely, we come up with a map of topics for two different resolutions of our topic model and discuss the connection between the identified topics. In the low-resolution picture, for instance, we found Public space/Street, Online, Work related/Office, Transport, School, Media harassment, and Domestic abuse. Among these, the strongest connection is between Public space/Street harassment and Domestic abuse and sexism in personal relationships. The strength of the relationships between topics illustrates the fluid and ubiquitous nature of sexism, with no single experience being unrelated to another.","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129726156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-16DOI: 10.3389/fdigh.2017.00022
Alessio Palmero Aprosio, Sara Tonelli, S. Menini, Giovanni Moretti
In this work, we describe a methodology to interpret large persons' networks extracted from text by classifying cliques using the DBpedia ontology. The approach relies on a combination of NLP, Semantic web technologies and network analysis. The classification methodology that first starts from single nodes and then generalises to cliques is effective in terms of performance and is able to deal also with nodes that are not linked to Wikipedia. The gold standard manually developed for evaluation shows that groups of co-occurring entities share in most of the cases a category that can be automatically assigned. This holds for both languages considered in this study. The outcome of this work may be of interest to enhance the readability of large networks and to provide an additional semantic layer on top of cliques. This would greatly help humanities scholars when dealing with large amounts of textual data that need to be interpreted or categorised. Furthermore, it represents an unsupervised approach to automatically extend DBpedia starting from a corpus.
{"title":"Using Semantic Linking to Understand Persons’ Networks Extracted from Text","authors":"Alessio Palmero Aprosio, Sara Tonelli, S. Menini, Giovanni Moretti","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2017.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2017.00022","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we describe a methodology to interpret large persons' networks extracted from text by classifying cliques using the DBpedia ontology. The approach relies on a combination of NLP, Semantic web technologies and network analysis. The classification methodology that first starts from single nodes and then generalises to cliques is effective in terms of performance and is able to deal also with nodes that are not linked to Wikipedia. The gold standard manually developed for evaluation shows that groups of co-occurring entities share in most of the cases a category that can be automatically assigned. This holds for both languages considered in this study. The outcome of this work may be of interest to enhance the readability of large networks and to provide an additional semantic layer on top of cliques. This would greatly help humanities scholars when dealing with large amounts of textual data that need to be interpreted or categorised. Furthermore, it represents an unsupervised approach to automatically extend DBpedia starting from a corpus.","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121132732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-02DOI: 10.3389/fdigh.2017.00021
Yelena Mejova, Youcef Benkhedda, Khairani
Halal is a notion that applies to both objects and actions, and means permissible according to Islamic law. It may be most often associated with food and the rules of selecting, slaughtering, and cooking animals. In the globalized world, halal can be found in street corners of New York and beauty shops of Manila. In this study, we explore the cultural diversity of the concept, as revealed through social media, and specifically the way it is expressed by different populations around the world, and how it relates to their perception of (i) religious and (ii) governmental authority, and (iii) personal health. Here, we analyze two Instagram datasets, using Halal in Arabic (325,665 posts) and in English (1,004,445 posts), which provide a global view of major Muslim populations around the world. We find a great variety in the use of halal within Arabic, English, and Indonesian-speaking populations, with animal trade emphasized in first (making up 61% of the language's stream), food in second (80%), and cosmetics and supplements in third (70%). The commercialization of the term halal is a powerful signal of its detraction from its traditional roots. We find a complex social engagement around posts mentioning religious terms, such that when a food-related post is accompanied by a religious term, it on average gets more likes in English and Indonesian, but not in Arabic, indicating a potential shift out of its traditional moral framing.
{"title":"#Halal Culture on Instagram","authors":"Yelena Mejova, Youcef Benkhedda, Khairani","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2017.00021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2017.00021","url":null,"abstract":"Halal is a notion that applies to both objects and actions, and means permissible according to Islamic law. It may be most often associated with food and the rules of selecting, slaughtering, and cooking animals. In the globalized world, halal can be found in street corners of New York and beauty shops of Manila. In this study, we explore the cultural diversity of the concept, as revealed through social media, and specifically the way it is expressed by different populations around the world, and how it relates to their perception of (i) religious and (ii) governmental authority, and (iii) personal health. Here, we analyze two Instagram datasets, using Halal in Arabic (325,665 posts) and in English (1,004,445 posts), which provide a global view of major Muslim populations around the world. We find a great variety in the use of halal within Arabic, English, and Indonesian-speaking populations, with animal trade emphasized in first (making up 61% of the language's stream), food in second (80%), and cosmetics and supplements in third (70%). The commercialization of the term halal is a powerful signal of its detraction from its traditional roots. We find a complex social engagement around posts mentioning religious terms, such that when a food-related post is accompanied by a religious term, it on average gets more likes in English and Indonesian, but not in Arabic, indicating a potential shift out of its traditional moral framing.","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127426723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-31DOI: 10.3389/fdigh.2017.00020
A. Srinivasamurthy, A. Holzapfel, K. Ganguli, Xavier Serra
This paper provides insights into aspects of tempo and rhythmic elaboration in Hindustani music, based on a study of a large corpus of recorded performances. Typical tempo developments and stress patterns within a metrical cycle are computed, which we refer to as tempo and rhythm patterns, respectively. Rhythm patterns are obtained by aggregating spectral features over metrical cycles. They reflect percussion patterns that are frequent in the corpus, and enable a discussion of the relation between such patterns and the underlying metrical framework, the taal. Tempo patterns, on the other hand, are computed using reference beat annotations. They document the dynamic development of tempo throughout a metrical cycle, and reveal insights into the flexibility of time in Hindustani music for the first time using quantitative methods on a large set of performances. Focusing on aspects of tempo and rhythm, we demonstrate the value of a computational methodology for the analysis of large music corpora by revealing the range of tempi used in performances, intra-cycle tempo dynamics and percussion accents at different positions of the taal cycle.
{"title":"Aspects of Tempo and Rhythmic Elaboration in Hindustani Music: A Corpus Study","authors":"A. Srinivasamurthy, A. Holzapfel, K. Ganguli, Xavier Serra","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2017.00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2017.00020","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides insights into aspects of tempo and rhythmic elaboration in Hindustani music, based on a study of a large corpus of recorded performances. Typical tempo developments and stress patterns within a metrical cycle are computed, which we refer to as tempo and rhythm patterns, respectively. Rhythm patterns are obtained by aggregating spectral features over metrical cycles. They reflect percussion patterns that are frequent in the corpus, and enable a discussion of the relation between such patterns and the underlying metrical framework, the taal. Tempo patterns, on the other hand, are computed using reference beat annotations. They document the dynamic development of tempo throughout a metrical cycle, and reveal insights into the flexibility of time in Hindustani music for the first time using quantitative methods on a large set of performances. Focusing on aspects of tempo and rhythm, we demonstrate the value of a computational methodology for the analysis of large music corpora by revealing the range of tempi used in performances, intra-cycle tempo dynamics and percussion accents at different positions of the taal cycle.","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122027888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-04DOI: 10.3389/fdigh.2017.00019
Guillermo Esteban-Oliver, A. José, Jordi Martí-Henneberg
The main objective of this article is to explore the possibility of combining two very different sources in order to study the distribution of industrial activity throughout history. The traditional primary sources to use for this purpose are the official censuses on population and economic activity that have been conducted in the majority of countries since the mid-19th century. However, the majority of these lack detail at the regional level and also with respect to the types of professional occupations that they quantify. In order to complement and profile these census data, we propose the use of another type of information which can also be quantified, but whose characteristics are very different. We refer to the industrial heritage sites identified in digital format in a given territory, which in this case is Catalonia, Spain. This innovative dataset was obtained using digital tools like web scraping and data mining techniques.This type of historical information was used to check whether it is reliable and valid for interpreting the spatial impact of the introduction of industrial activity. The article also shows that the systematic identification of elements of industrial heritage offers a new and very useful source of information for interpreting the history of industrial geography.
{"title":"Heritage As a Source of Studies into Industrial History: Using Digital Tools to Explore the Geography of the Industrialization","authors":"Guillermo Esteban-Oliver, A. José, Jordi Martí-Henneberg","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2017.00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2017.00019","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this article is to explore the possibility of combining two very different sources in order to study the distribution of industrial activity throughout history. The traditional primary sources to use for this purpose are the official censuses on population and economic activity that have been conducted in the majority of countries since the mid-19th century. However, the majority of these lack detail at the regional level and also with respect to the types of professional occupations that they quantify. In order to complement and profile these census data, we propose the use of another type of information which can also be quantified, but whose characteristics are very different. We refer to the industrial heritage sites identified in digital format in a given territory, which in this case is Catalonia, Spain. This innovative dataset was obtained using digital tools like web scraping and data mining techniques.This type of historical information was used to check whether it is reliable and valid for interpreting the spatial impact of the introduction of industrial activity. The article also shows that the systematic identification of elements of industrial heritage offers a new and very useful source of information for interpreting the history of industrial geography.","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132608439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-27DOI: 10.3389/fdigh.2017.00018
Andrei Gheorghe, R. Vierlinger
This full-scale research pavilion exercises the application of timber and polymer concrete in architectural production (Fig. 1). It attempts to develop and test a new hybrid construction technique using composite joints (as introduced in Schober, 2014) within a modular geometric system and no need for formwork. The structure was designed and erected by students and instructors of the Digital Design and Full Scale Fabrication seminar taught at the University of Applied Arts Vienna. CNC milled, 3-layer spruce laminated timber boards are used for construction, which are temporarily fixed, then rigidized with polymer concrete. The cured composite node proves high structural capabilities, as polymer concrete withstands both pressure and tensile forces, and the bond between the materials is as strong as the wood itself. Compared to traditional timber construction, no metal bolting is needed for the creation of the node, while at the same time the node geometry becomes more flexible, meaning any three-dimensional layout can be produced, as long as a temporary containment and fixation can be implemented until the chemical curing process is completed (Becker, Schober, Weber, 2016). The geometry is developed as an interpretation of the Zollinger (Menges A. et al., 2016) grid, where members originally are of twice the grid length (Fig. 2) and reciprocally reliant on each other (Fig. 3). Instead, every second grid cell is made a joint node when cast out with concrete, making the structural members a lost formwork at the same time (Fig. 4). Double-layering each makes it possible to cast all 122 nodes of the pavilion structure separately and flat-bolt them together on-site with metal screws. The software plugin RhinoVault is used as a design tool to produce an efficient, compression only basic shell surface, although the subsequent imposition of the grid system introduces eccentricities and local imperfections. A parametric model in Rhinoceros and Grasshopper tests various subdivision densities and node sizes, and evaluates the overall performance with the structural analysis tool Karamba. The different heights of the lamellas in the structure arise from the analysis and parametric interpretation of stresses under vertical and horizontal loading.
这个全尺寸的研究馆在建筑生产中应用了木材和聚合物混凝土(图1)。它试图在模块化几何系统中开发和测试一种新的混合建筑技术，使用复合接缝(如Schober, 2014年所介绍的)，不需要模板。该结构是由维也纳应用艺术大学数字设计和全尺寸制造研讨会的学生和教师设计和建造的。CNC铣削，3层云杉层压木板用于施工，暂时固定，然后用聚合物混凝土固化。固化的复合材料节点证明了高结构能力，因为聚合物混凝土可以承受压力和拉力，材料之间的结合与木材本身一样牢固。与传统木结构相比，节点的创建不需要金属螺栓，同时节点的几何形状变得更加灵活，这意味着只要在化学固化过程完成之前可以实施临时密封和固定，就可以产生任何三维布局(Becker, Schober, Weber, 2016)。几何图形是作为Zollinger (Menges a . et al.， 2016)网格的解释而开发的，其中成员最初是网格长度的两倍(图2)，并且相互依赖(图3)。相反，当用混凝土浇铸时，每隔一秒网格单元就会成为一个联合节点。使结构构件同时成为一个丢失的模板(图4)。双层结构使得展馆结构的122个节点可以单独铸造，并在现场用金属螺钉平栓在一起。软件插件RhinoVault被用作设计工具，以产生有效的、仅压缩的基本外壳表面，尽管随后的网格系统的强加引入了偏心和局部缺陷。一个参数化模型在Rhinoceros和Grasshopper中测试了各种细分密度和节点大小，并使用结构分析工具Karamba评估了整体性能。结构中片层高度的不同源于对垂直和水平荷载作用下应力的分析和参数解释。
{"title":"DigDesFab15 Research Pavilion","authors":"Andrei Gheorghe, R. Vierlinger","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2017.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2017.00018","url":null,"abstract":"This full-scale research pavilion exercises the application of timber and polymer concrete in architectural production (Fig. 1). It attempts to develop and test a new hybrid construction technique using composite joints (as introduced in Schober, 2014) within a modular geometric system and no need for formwork. The structure was designed and erected by students and instructors of the Digital Design and Full Scale Fabrication seminar taught at the University of Applied Arts Vienna. CNC milled, 3-layer spruce laminated timber boards are used for construction, which are temporarily fixed, then rigidized with polymer concrete. The cured composite node proves high structural capabilities, as polymer concrete withstands both pressure and tensile forces, and the bond between the materials is as strong as the wood itself. Compared to traditional timber construction, no metal bolting is needed for the creation of the node, while at the same time the node geometry becomes more flexible, meaning any three-dimensional layout can be produced, as long as a temporary containment and fixation can be implemented until the chemical curing process is completed (Becker, Schober, Weber, 2016). The geometry is developed as an interpretation of the Zollinger (Menges A. et al., 2016) grid, where members originally are of twice the grid length (Fig. 2) and reciprocally reliant on each other (Fig. 3). Instead, every second grid cell is made a joint node when cast out with concrete, making the structural members a lost formwork at the same time (Fig. 4). Double-layering each makes it possible to cast all 122 nodes of the pavilion structure separately and flat-bolt them together on-site with metal screws. The software plugin RhinoVault is used as a design tool to produce an efficient, compression only basic shell surface, although the subsequent imposition of the grid system introduces eccentricities and local imperfections. A parametric model in Rhinoceros and Grasshopper tests various subdivision densities and node sizes, and evaluates the overall performance with the structural analysis tool Karamba. The different heights of the lamellas in the structure arise from the analysis and parametric interpretation of stresses under vertical and horizontal loading.","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134518376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-11DOI: 10.3389/fdigh.2017.00016
Laia Pujol-Tost
Despite the capacity of Virtual Reality (VR) to recreate and enhance real and virtual worlds, many applications in Archaeology aim at the photorealistic depiction of architectural spaces. On the other hand, little is known about their real communicational effectiveness. In this context, the EU-funded project {LEAP] proposed the concept of Cultural Presence as the theoretical and methodological foundation for a new kind of VR-mediated experience, and the UNESCO World Heritage Neolithic site of Catalhoyuk (Turkey) was chosen as case of application. During this process, a survey of design pipelines in Digital Archaeology indicated that, to build such experiences, a new design and evaluation method may need to be adopted. This paper presents the process of building and testing “3D·CoD”, a new methodology for the design of VR-mediated experiences. Initially, different archaeologists working at Catalhoyuk were engaged in a first workshop, aimed at establishing a specific instantiation of Cultural Presence and how to depict it by means of VR. To that end, observation, questionnaires, multimodal, and statistical analyses were used. The results of this field work were translated into a co-design hands-on methodology (“3D·CoD”), which was tested in a second workshop, with a different group of archaeologists. In this case, observation and debriefing were used. The results of this evaluation suggest that co-design strategies are suitable for the creation of VR-mediated experiences, but that equally important is 1) to consider the co-designers’ concept of Archaeology; and 2) to think in terms, not of 3D models, but of Cultural Heritage goals and human experiences.
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