When a radiation incident occurs in nuclear medicine in Australia, the incident is reported to the relevant state or territory authority, which performs an investigation and sends its findings to the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency. The agency then includes these data in its Australian Radiation Incident Register and makes them available to the public as an annual summary report on its website. The aim of this study was to analyze the radiation incidents included in these annual reports and in the publically available state and territory registers, identify any recurring themes, and make recommendations to minimize future incidents. Methods: A multidisciplinary team comprising a nuclear medicine technologist, a radiation therapist, and a diagnostic radiographer analyzed all nuclear medicine technology–, radiation therapy–, and diagnostic radiography–related incidents recorded in the Australian Radiation Incident Register and in the registers of New South Wales, Western Australia, Victoria, South Australia, and Tasmania between 2003 and 2015. Each incident was placed into 1 of 18 categories, and each category was examined to determine any recurring causes of the incidents. Results: We analyzed 209 nuclear medicine incidents. Their primary cause was failure to comply with time-out protocols (85.6%). By analyzing both the causes and the rates of radiation incidents, we were able to recommend ways to help prevent them from being repeated. Conclusion: Information drawn from the Australian Radiation Incident Register and 5 state registers has revealed steps that can be taken by any nuclear medicine department to prevent repetition of the incidents that have already occurred.
{"title":"Recommendations for Nuclear Medicine Technologists Drawn from an Analysis of Errors Reported in Australian Radiation Incident Registers","authors":"Nicole Kearney, G. Denham","doi":"10.2967/jnmt.116.178517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.116.178517","url":null,"abstract":"When a radiation incident occurs in nuclear medicine in Australia, the incident is reported to the relevant state or territory authority, which performs an investigation and sends its findings to the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency. The agency then includes these data in its Australian Radiation Incident Register and makes them available to the public as an annual summary report on its website. The aim of this study was to analyze the radiation incidents included in these annual reports and in the publically available state and territory registers, identify any recurring themes, and make recommendations to minimize future incidents. Methods: A multidisciplinary team comprising a nuclear medicine technologist, a radiation therapist, and a diagnostic radiographer analyzed all nuclear medicine technology–, radiation therapy–, and diagnostic radiography–related incidents recorded in the Australian Radiation Incident Register and in the registers of New South Wales, Western Australia, Victoria, South Australia, and Tasmania between 2003 and 2015. Each incident was placed into 1 of 18 categories, and each category was examined to determine any recurring causes of the incidents. Results: We analyzed 209 nuclear medicine incidents. Their primary cause was failure to comply with time-out protocols (85.6%). By analyzing both the causes and the rates of radiation incidents, we were able to recommend ways to help prevent them from being repeated. Conclusion: Information drawn from the Australian Radiation Incident Register and 5 state registers has revealed steps that can be taken by any nuclear medicine department to prevent repetition of the incidents that have already occurred.","PeriodicalId":22799,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology","volume":"63 1","pages":"243 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84134618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Throughout the years, the role of nuclear medicine departments in the care of renal patients has changed as a result of technologic advancements and other factors. This study evaluated the current role of nuclear renal imaging. Methods: A survey was generated with questions about patient populations, the clinical indications most often seen, radiopharmaceutical use, measurement techniques, the average number of scans completed, and medical center/transplant team affiliations. The survey was sent to recipients on a mailing list acquired from the Nuclear Medicine Technology Certification Board. Results: Most of the responses came from departments in the southeastern United States. Most of the patient population is suburban. Nephrologists are the most common referring physicians for renal imaging. Most departments complete fewer than 10 renograms per month, and most departments use 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine as the radiopharmaceutical of choice. A camera-based measurement technique is used most often. Most departments report being affiliated with a medical center, but only about half of those medical centers perform renal transplantation. The most commonly seen clinical indication for renal imaging is renal obstruction, whereas the least commonly seen is urine leakage. Conclusion: These results provide a better understanding of the current role of nuclear medicine in the care of renal patients and how this role has changed over the years.
{"title":"Survey on the Use of Nuclear Renal Imaging in the United States","authors":"Kelly D Archer, N. Bolus","doi":"10.2967/jnmt.116.181339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.116.181339","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the years, the role of nuclear medicine departments in the care of renal patients has changed as a result of technologic advancements and other factors. This study evaluated the current role of nuclear renal imaging. Methods: A survey was generated with questions about patient populations, the clinical indications most often seen, radiopharmaceutical use, measurement techniques, the average number of scans completed, and medical center/transplant team affiliations. The survey was sent to recipients on a mailing list acquired from the Nuclear Medicine Technology Certification Board. Results: Most of the responses came from departments in the southeastern United States. Most of the patient population is suburban. Nephrologists are the most common referring physicians for renal imaging. Most departments complete fewer than 10 renograms per month, and most departments use 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine as the radiopharmaceutical of choice. A camera-based measurement technique is used most often. Most departments report being affiliated with a medical center, but only about half of those medical centers perform renal transplantation. The most commonly seen clinical indication for renal imaging is renal obstruction, whereas the least commonly seen is urine leakage. Conclusion: These results provide a better understanding of the current role of nuclear medicine in the care of renal patients and how this role has changed over the years.","PeriodicalId":22799,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology","volume":"128 1","pages":"223 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76277013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Celli, M. Colunga, N. Patel, M. Djekidel, D. Jain
The human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)–overexpressing (HER2-positive [HER2+]) gastric (GC) and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas (GEJC) are felt to represent a more aggressive form of disease, which may correlate to increased metabolic activity. Whether tumor SUVmax measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT could be a preoperative parameter used to predict HER2 status of GC/GEJC is unknown. Methods: Pathology reports of HER2+ GC/GEJC biopsies and resections from 31 patients were reviewed and compared with HER2-negative (HER2−) cases distributed evenly over the same time period. We analyzed their SUVmax intensity and then compared the HER2 status and SUVmax parameters and their association with survival. Results: After matching for age and sex, there was no difference in SUVmax between HER2+ and HER2− cases (9.7 and 8.4, respectively; P = 0.6). No difference was seen between HER2+ and HER2− cases in tumor histology (81% and 57% intestinal type, respectively; P = 0.11), size (2.6 and 3.8 cm, respectively; P = 0.12), differentiation (47% and 68% poorly differentiated, respectively; P = 0.06), or presence of lymph node metastasis (60% and 40%, respectively; P = 0.3). Although there was no difference in survival demonstrated by HER2+ and HER2− cases, there was a significant difference in survival between SUVmax above (12.2 mo) and below (30 mo) the median SUVmax (6.6, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Our study shows that SUVmax is not associated with HER2 status of GC/GEJC. Independent of HER2 overexpression, patients with a high SUVmax demonstrate a worse overall survival, suggesting that metabolic signature is a better predictor of biologic tumor aggressiveness than its histologic signature.
{"title":"Metabolic Signature on 18F-FDG PET/CT, HER2 Status, and Survival in Gastric Adenocarcinomas","authors":"R. Celli, M. Colunga, N. Patel, M. Djekidel, D. Jain","doi":"10.2967/jnmt.116.181479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.116.181479","url":null,"abstract":"The human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)–overexpressing (HER2-positive [HER2+]) gastric (GC) and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas (GEJC) are felt to represent a more aggressive form of disease, which may correlate to increased metabolic activity. Whether tumor SUVmax measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT could be a preoperative parameter used to predict HER2 status of GC/GEJC is unknown. Methods: Pathology reports of HER2+ GC/GEJC biopsies and resections from 31 patients were reviewed and compared with HER2-negative (HER2−) cases distributed evenly over the same time period. We analyzed their SUVmax intensity and then compared the HER2 status and SUVmax parameters and their association with survival. Results: After matching for age and sex, there was no difference in SUVmax between HER2+ and HER2− cases (9.7 and 8.4, respectively; P = 0.6). No difference was seen between HER2+ and HER2− cases in tumor histology (81% and 57% intestinal type, respectively; P = 0.11), size (2.6 and 3.8 cm, respectively; P = 0.12), differentiation (47% and 68% poorly differentiated, respectively; P = 0.06), or presence of lymph node metastasis (60% and 40%, respectively; P = 0.3). Although there was no difference in survival demonstrated by HER2+ and HER2− cases, there was a significant difference in survival between SUVmax above (12.2 mo) and below (30 mo) the median SUVmax (6.6, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Our study shows that SUVmax is not associated with HER2 status of GC/GEJC. Independent of HER2 overexpression, patients with a high SUVmax demonstrate a worse overall survival, suggesting that metabolic signature is a better predictor of biologic tumor aggressiveness than its histologic signature.","PeriodicalId":22799,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"234 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81277259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We herein report an unusual case of a 55-y-old woman with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, who presented with multiple recurrences, with its subsequent evolution to tall cell variant and thyroglobulin-elevated negative iodine scintigraphy (TENIS) syndrome. During the course of the disease the lesions became non–iodine-concentrating with an increased proportion of tall cells and evidence of local and distant metastasis. Molecular analysis of the tissue specimen demonstrated BRAFV600E and I582 M mutations along with upregulation of tumor markers in metastatic tissue. The presence of BRAFV600E mutation and other markers warrants further investigation in future studies to define their precise implications for determining the aggressiveness and development into tall cell variant and TENIS.
{"title":"Evolution of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma into Tall Cell Variant and TENIS Syndrome","authors":"A. Chakraborty, S. Kane, Yogita Pawer, S. Basu","doi":"10.2967/jnmt.116.181396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.116.181396","url":null,"abstract":"We herein report an unusual case of a 55-y-old woman with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, who presented with multiple recurrences, with its subsequent evolution to tall cell variant and thyroglobulin-elevated negative iodine scintigraphy (TENIS) syndrome. During the course of the disease the lesions became non–iodine-concentrating with an increased proportion of tall cells and evidence of local and distant metastasis. Molecular analysis of the tissue specimen demonstrated BRAFV600E and I582 M mutations along with upregulation of tumor markers in metastatic tissue. The presence of BRAFV600E mutation and other markers warrants further investigation in future studies to define their precise implications for determining the aggressiveness and development into tall cell variant and TENIS.","PeriodicalId":22799,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":"255 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91008019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MIRD Monograph: Radiobiology and Dosimetry for Radiopharmaceutical Therapy with Alpha-Particle Emitters","authors":"Ellie Mantel","doi":"10.2967/JNMT.116.175034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/JNMT.116.175034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22799,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology","volume":"210 1","pages":"216 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76139266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II transmembrane protein. It has been shown to be expressed in various solid malignant neoplasms. We report a case of a prostate cancer patient who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging. There is a large thyroid nodule in the right thyroid gland, which had intense PSMA accumulation. Follicular thyroid lesions can be seen on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging.
{"title":"Incidental Detection of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma in 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Imaging","authors":"Sait Sağer, B. Vatankulu, L. Uslu, K. Sönmezoğlu","doi":"10.2967/jnmt.115.171660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.115.171660","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II transmembrane protein. It has been shown to be expressed in various solid malignant neoplasms. We report a case of a prostate cancer patient who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging. There is a large thyroid nodule in the right thyroid gland, which had intense PSMA accumulation. Follicular thyroid lesions can be seen on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging.","PeriodicalId":22799,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":"199 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75618388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge Alchammas, Z. Al-faham, Y. Roumayah, O. Wong
Although the use of 13N-ammonia and 18F-FDG PET shows great promise as a tool for diagnosing heart involvement in inflammatory diseases, it can be equally powerful for following disease progression and treatment outcome. We describe a case in which 18F-FDG PET was effective in following up the treatment outcome of lupus myocarditis.
{"title":"The Evaluation of Lupus Myocarditis with 13N-Ammonia and 18F-FDG PET","authors":"Jorge Alchammas, Z. Al-faham, Y. Roumayah, O. Wong","doi":"10.2967/jnmt.115.165639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.115.165639","url":null,"abstract":"Although the use of 13N-ammonia and 18F-FDG PET shows great promise as a tool for diagnosing heart involvement in inflammatory diseases, it can be equally powerful for following disease progression and treatment outcome. We describe a case in which 18F-FDG PET was effective in following up the treatment outcome of lupus myocarditis.","PeriodicalId":22799,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"210 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91115353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah R Pigmon, Kara D. Weatherman, Nick Brehl, Cybil J. Nielsen
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the need to use heparin when preparing an UltraTag red blood cell (RBC) kit for a nuclear medicine study. Methods: Nonheparinized blood samples (n = 15) and heparinized blood samples (n = 15) were added to UltraTag RBC kits. The samples were examined for macroscopic blood clotting and microscopic platelet clumping. As a control, samples with heparin (n = 15) and without heparin (n = 15) were used to help evaluate the effectiveness of the anticoagulant properties within the UltraTag RBC kit (sodium citrate) and whether those properties played a role in preventing clots or clumps. To detect clotting, the wooden applicator stick method was used. To detect clumping, blood smears were evaluated using a light microscope. The two samples were compared for presence of clots and clumps. Fisher exact testing was used to evaluate the significance of the data. Results: For the UltraTag RBC group, 2 of the 15 nonheparinized samples clotted and none of the 15 heparinized samples clotted; for the control group, 2 of the 15 nonheparinized samples clotted and none of the 15 heparinized samples clotted. For the Ultra-Tag RBC group, 3 of the 15 nonheparinized samples clumped and 3 of the 15 heparinized samples clumped; for the control group, 15 of the 15 nonheparinized samples clumped and 10 of the 15 heparinized samples clumped. Conclusion: When heparin is not used, the Ultra-Tag RBC kit is more likely to form clots. Heparin should always be used when preparing an Ultra-Tag RBC kit for a nuclear medicine study.
{"title":"The Necessity of Using Heparin in the UltraTag RBC Kit When Tagging Blood for a Nuclear Medicine Study","authors":"Sarah R Pigmon, Kara D. Weatherman, Nick Brehl, Cybil J. Nielsen","doi":"10.2967/jnmt.116.177535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.116.177535","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to evaluate the need to use heparin when preparing an UltraTag red blood cell (RBC) kit for a nuclear medicine study. Methods: Nonheparinized blood samples (n = 15) and heparinized blood samples (n = 15) were added to UltraTag RBC kits. The samples were examined for macroscopic blood clotting and microscopic platelet clumping. As a control, samples with heparin (n = 15) and without heparin (n = 15) were used to help evaluate the effectiveness of the anticoagulant properties within the UltraTag RBC kit (sodium citrate) and whether those properties played a role in preventing clots or clumps. To detect clotting, the wooden applicator stick method was used. To detect clumping, blood smears were evaluated using a light microscope. The two samples were compared for presence of clots and clumps. Fisher exact testing was used to evaluate the significance of the data. Results: For the UltraTag RBC group, 2 of the 15 nonheparinized samples clotted and none of the 15 heparinized samples clotted; for the control group, 2 of the 15 nonheparinized samples clotted and none of the 15 heparinized samples clotted. For the Ultra-Tag RBC group, 3 of the 15 nonheparinized samples clumped and 3 of the 15 heparinized samples clumped; for the control group, 15 of the 15 nonheparinized samples clumped and 10 of the 15 heparinized samples clumped. Conclusion: When heparin is not used, the Ultra-Tag RBC kit is more likely to form clots. Heparin should always be used when preparing an Ultra-Tag RBC kit for a nuclear medicine study.","PeriodicalId":22799,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology","volume":"64 1","pages":"230 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85142972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypergastrinemia is a prominent feature of a segment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, the gastrinomas, occurring mostly in the gastrinoma triangle. Hypergastrinemia due to a thoracic neuroendocrine tumor is a very rare occurrence, with a paucity of literature elucidating the same. We report a case of thoracic neuroendocrine tumor in a patient who had initially presented with symptoms of peptic ulcer disease of 3-y duration. On evaluation, the patient’s fasting serum gastrin levels were found to be raised. Conventional imaging modalities and endoscopic evaluation did not identify the location of a possible gastrinoma or any other mass in the abdomen. In view of the hypergastrinemia, somatostatin receptor–targeted imaging with 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT was undertaken and showed a somatostatin receptor–expressing paravertebral mass next to the thoracic aorta in the left lung. The mass was excised and was histopathologically suggestive of metastatic neuroendocrine tumor (MIB-1 labeling index, 2%). The present case underscores the importance of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in both detecting and characterizing a causative lesion missed on contrast-enhanced CT, especially when the lesion is not easily amenable to biopsy.
{"title":"Rare Occurrence of Hypergastrinemia Due to Thoracic Neuroendocrine Tumor: Detection and Characterization by 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT","authors":"N. Sampathirao, S. Basu","doi":"10.2967/jnmt.115.171603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.115.171603","url":null,"abstract":"Hypergastrinemia is a prominent feature of a segment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, the gastrinomas, occurring mostly in the gastrinoma triangle. Hypergastrinemia due to a thoracic neuroendocrine tumor is a very rare occurrence, with a paucity of literature elucidating the same. We report a case of thoracic neuroendocrine tumor in a patient who had initially presented with symptoms of peptic ulcer disease of 3-y duration. On evaluation, the patient’s fasting serum gastrin levels were found to be raised. Conventional imaging modalities and endoscopic evaluation did not identify the location of a possible gastrinoma or any other mass in the abdomen. In view of the hypergastrinemia, somatostatin receptor–targeted imaging with 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT was undertaken and showed a somatostatin receptor–expressing paravertebral mass next to the thoracic aorta in the left lung. The mass was excised and was histopathologically suggestive of metastatic neuroendocrine tumor (MIB-1 labeling index, 2%). The present case underscores the importance of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in both detecting and characterizing a causative lesion missed on contrast-enhanced CT, especially when the lesion is not easily amenable to biopsy.","PeriodicalId":22799,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":"203 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81008449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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