In 2011, a civil war began in Syria. Protesters demanded President Bashar Al-Assad’s resignation and subsequent implementation of democratic reforms.1 The Syrian government responded with military action, which escalated feelings of hostility and propelled antigovernment rebel activity. Since then, the battle against the regime has grown into a sectarian conflict between various ethnic and religious groups in the country.2
{"title":"Beyond the headlines and into the health of Syrian refugees","authors":"E. Fong, Alexandra Kilan, S. Halawa, Annie Zhu","doi":"10.15173/M.V1I28.2616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/M.V1I28.2616","url":null,"abstract":"In 2011, a civil war began in Syria. Protesters demanded President Bashar Al-Assad’s resignation and subsequent implementation of democratic reforms.1 The Syrian government responded with military action, which escalated feelings of hostility and propelled antigovernment rebel activity. Since then, the battle against the regime has grown into a sectarian conflict between various ethnic and religious groups in the country.2","PeriodicalId":22813,"journal":{"name":"The Meducator","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85128866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vitamin D and Melatonin in Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"Feroze Nooruddin, T. Amir","doi":"10.15173/M.V1I28.2617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/M.V1I28.2617","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D and Melatonin in Multiple Sclerosis","PeriodicalId":22813,"journal":{"name":"The Meducator","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76963110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Is it really on the rise?
自闭症谱系障碍:它真的在上升吗?
{"title":"Autism Spectrum Disorder: Is it really on the rise?","authors":"Fizza Manzoor","doi":"10.15173/M.V1I28.2614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/M.V1I28.2614","url":null,"abstract":"Autism Spectrum Disorder: Is it really on the rise?","PeriodicalId":22813,"journal":{"name":"The Meducator","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88384563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Should CRISPR be used as a medical intervention tool for biological disorders?
CRISPR应该被用作生物疾病的医疗干预工具吗?
{"title":"Should CRISPR be used as a medical intervention tool for biological disorders?","authors":"M. Moshkovich, Yiming Zhang","doi":"10.15173/M.V1I38.2632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/M.V1I38.2632","url":null,"abstract":"Should CRISPR be used as a medical intervention tool for biological disorders?","PeriodicalId":22813,"journal":{"name":"The Meducator","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83130498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most controversial topics in healthcare is whether complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) can replace modern medicine. Homeopathy has become a popular form of CAM, and while it is generally regarded as safe, it has not been proven e!ective. Most scienti"c professionals mistrust homeopathy due to the lack of scienti"c rigour and credibility in studies that seek to analyze homeopathic practices; many argue that any positive outcomes may be attributed to the placebo e!ect. While homeopathy cannot replace conventional medicine, the therapeutic e!ects of homeopathic consultation addresses the impersonal nature of traditional medicine. PART 1: HOMEOPATHY LACKS SCIENTIFIC BASIS AND SHOULD NOT REPLACE CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE INTRODUCTION Developed over 200 years ago by German physician Samuel Christian Hahnemann, homeopathy is a form of alternative medicine practice based on belief in “#e Law of Similars” —the idea that a natural substance that causes symptoms in a healthy person can be used to cure the same symptoms in a sick person.1 Several types of homeopathic treatments exist, ranging from auto-isopathy, whereby treatments for ailments stem from the patient’s own body, to classical homeopathy, in which individualized natural remedies are given.2 Physicians are wary of recommending homeopathy and other forms of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) due to a lack of proven e%cacy and long-term risk assessments.3 As the trend towards distrust in the healthcare system and medicine increases, it is important that patients are aware of the risks of pursuing homeopathy in place of traditional pharmacological interventions.4 THE DILUTION EFFECT #ere are several principles of homeopathy that contradict scienti"c ideology. One such principle is the dilution e!ect, wherein remedies that are more dilute have more potent e!ects. #ese remedies are prepared by diluting a mixture several times, shaking vigorously between each dilution.5 Almost none of the original remedy remains at the end as the dilutions o)en fall below 1 mol/L, the scienti"cally determined limit for dilutions.6 As such, any e!ects from these treatments would be implausible.7 Hahnemann explained the discrepancy by stating that water is able to change structures to capture the “essence” of the diluted molecule.8 Several studies have attempted to corroborate this claim using techniques such as magnetic imaging and thermoluminescence, but strong conclusions have not been reached.9,10 Since this principle con-icts with scienti"c knowledge, it is hard for the medical community to consider such an e!ect to be possible, let alone e!ective. For this reason, homeopathy is o)en dismissed as “the ultimate fake,” and “concentrated nonsense.”11,12 Unless convincing research emerges, there is no plausible reason that such heavy dilution would cause any e!ect whatsoever. EFFECTIVENESS Few studies have been able to demonstrate the positive e!ects of homeopathic remedies. One clinical trial
医疗保健领域最具争议的话题之一是补充和替代医学(CAM)能否取代现代医学。顺势疗法已经成为CAM的一种流行形式，虽然它通常被认为是安全的，但尚未被证明有效。大多数科学专业人士不信任顺势疗法，因为在试图分析顺势疗法实践的研究中缺乏科学的严谨性和可信度;许多人认为，任何积极的结果都可能归功于安慰剂等。虽然顺势疗法不能取代传统医学，但这种治疗性的疗法。顺势疗法咨询的Ects解决了传统医学的非人格化本质。顺势疗法是200多年前由德国医生塞缪尔·克里斯蒂安·哈内曼(Samuel Christian Hahnemann)发展起来的，是一种基于“相似法则”的替代医学实践形式。“相似法则”认为，在健康人身上引起症状的天然物质可以用来治疗病人身上同样的症状有几种类型的顺势疗法存在，从自体等势疗法，即治疗源自患者自身的疾病，到经典顺势疗法，即给予个性化的自然疗法医生对推荐顺势疗法和其他形式的补充和替代医学(CAM)持谨慎态度，因为缺乏证实的有效性和长期风险评估随着对医疗保健系统和医学不信任的趋势增加，重要的是患者要意识到追求顺势疗法取代传统药物干预的风险顺势疗法有几个原理与科学意识形态相矛盾。其中一个原则是稀释e!等，其中更稀释的药物有更有效的效果。这些药物是通过多次稀释混合物，在每次稀释之间使劲摇晃来制备的5 .由于稀释度甚至低于科学规定的稀释限度1mol /L，原来的补救措施几乎没有保留下来因此，任何e!这些治疗的结果是不可能的Hahnemann解释了这种差异，他说水能够改变结构来捕获被稀释分子的“本质”一些研究试图利用磁成像和热释光等技术来证实这一说法，但尚未得出强有力的结论。由于这一原则与科学知识相冲突，医学界很难考虑这样一个问题。希望是可能的，更别说是有效的了。出于这个原因，顺势疗法甚至被斥为“终极骗局”和“集中的废话”。除非有令人信服的研究出现，否则没有合理的理由表明如此严重的稀释会造成任何损害。等。很少有研究能够证明它的积极作用。顺势疗法。一项临床试验综述得出结论，研究质量的限制和相互矛盾的证据表明，顺势疗法总体上缺乏科学可信度顺势疗法潜在应用的一个重要领域是缓解癌症疼痛。在欧洲的一项调查中，35.9%的癌症患者报告使用顺势疗法或其他形式的cam。14然而，一项关于顺势疗法的综述显示，将这种形式的治疗与化疗结合使用并不能达到最佳效果
{"title":"Homeopathy: Pseudo-science or effective treatment?","authors":"H. Silverman, Wendy Yu","doi":"10.15173/M.V1I37.2504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/M.V1I37.2504","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most controversial topics in healthcare is whether complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) can replace modern medicine. Homeopathy has become a popular form of CAM, and while it is generally regarded as safe, it has not been proven e!ective. Most scienti\"c professionals mistrust homeopathy due to the lack of scienti\"c rigour and credibility in studies that seek to analyze homeopathic practices; many argue that any positive outcomes may be attributed to the placebo e!ect. While homeopathy cannot replace conventional medicine, the therapeutic e!ects of homeopathic consultation addresses the impersonal nature of traditional medicine. PART 1: HOMEOPATHY LACKS SCIENTIFIC BASIS AND SHOULD NOT REPLACE CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE INTRODUCTION Developed over 200 years ago by German physician Samuel Christian Hahnemann, homeopathy is a form of alternative medicine practice based on belief in “#e Law of Similars” —the idea that a natural substance that causes symptoms in a healthy person can be used to cure the same symptoms in a sick person.1 Several types of homeopathic treatments exist, ranging from auto-isopathy, whereby treatments for ailments stem from the patient’s own body, to classical homeopathy, in which individualized natural remedies are given.2 Physicians are wary of recommending homeopathy and other forms of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) due to a lack of proven e%cacy and long-term risk assessments.3 As the trend towards distrust in the healthcare system and medicine increases, it is important that patients are aware of the risks of pursuing homeopathy in place of traditional pharmacological interventions.4 THE DILUTION EFFECT #ere are several principles of homeopathy that contradict scienti\"c ideology. One such principle is the dilution e!ect, wherein remedies that are more dilute have more potent e!ects. #ese remedies are prepared by diluting a mixture several times, shaking vigorously between each dilution.5 Almost none of the original remedy remains at the end as the dilutions o)en fall below 1 mol/L, the scienti\"cally determined limit for dilutions.6 As such, any e!ects from these treatments would be implausible.7 Hahnemann explained the discrepancy by stating that water is able to change structures to capture the “essence” of the diluted molecule.8 Several studies have attempted to corroborate this claim using techniques such as magnetic imaging and thermoluminescence, but strong conclusions have not been reached.9,10 Since this principle con-icts with scienti\"c knowledge, it is hard for the medical community to consider such an e!ect to be possible, let alone e!ective. For this reason, homeopathy is o)en dismissed as “the ultimate fake,” and “concentrated nonsense.”11,12 Unless convincing research emerges, there is no plausible reason that such heavy dilution would cause any e!ect whatsoever. EFFECTIVENESS Few studies have been able to demonstrate the positive e!ects of homeopathic remedies. One clinical trial ","PeriodicalId":22813,"journal":{"name":"The Meducator","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76937771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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