Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exerts adverse effects on neuronal development in young population. Limited evidences have shown that early-life PFOS exposure holds a potential risk for developing age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease later in life. The present study investigated the effects of lactational PFOS exposure on cognitive function using one-year-old mice. Dams were exposed to PFOS (1 mg/kg body weight) through lactation by gavage. Male offspring were used for the behavior test battery to assess cognitive function. Western blot analysis was conducted to measure the levels of proteins related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. PFOS-exposed mice displayed a mild deficiency in social recognition. In the hippocampus, the expression of tau protein was significantly increased. These results underline a mild effect of developing PFOS exposure on cognitive function and neurodegeneration. The present study presents the long-lasting effects of PFOS in middle-aged period and warrants a potential aftermath.
全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）会对年轻人的神经元发育产生不利影响。有限的证据表明，早年接触全氟辛烷磺酸有可能导致罹患与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病，如阿尔茨海默病。本研究利用一岁小鼠研究了哺乳期接触全氟辛烷磺酸对认知功能的影响。母鼠在哺乳期通过灌胃接触全氟辛烷磺酸（1 毫克/千克体重）。雄性后代被用于行为测试以评估认知功能。进行了 Western 印迹分析，以测量与阿尔茨海默病发病机制相关的蛋白质水平。暴露于全氟辛烷磺酸的小鼠在社会识别方面表现出轻度缺陷。在海马中，tau 蛋白的表达明显增加。这些结果表明，接触全氟辛烷磺酸对认知功能和神经变性有轻微影响。本研究显示了全氟辛烷磺酸对中年人的长期影响，值得进行潜在的后续研究。
{"title":"Lactational exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate remains a potential risk in brain function of middle-aged male mice","authors":"Ayane Ninomiya, Izuki Amano, Hiraku Suzuki, Yuki Fujiwara, Asahi Haijima, Noriyuki Koibuchi","doi":"10.1186/s12576-024-00907-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-024-00907-6","url":null,"abstract":"Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exerts adverse effects on neuronal development in young population. Limited evidences have shown that early-life PFOS exposure holds a potential risk for developing age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease later in life. The present study investigated the effects of lactational PFOS exposure on cognitive function using one-year-old mice. Dams were exposed to PFOS (1 mg/kg body weight) through lactation by gavage. Male offspring were used for the behavior test battery to assess cognitive function. Western blot analysis was conducted to measure the levels of proteins related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. PFOS-exposed mice displayed a mild deficiency in social recognition. In the hippocampus, the expression of tau protein was significantly increased. These results underline a mild effect of developing PFOS exposure on cognitive function and neurodegeneration. The present study presents the long-lasting effects of PFOS in middle-aged period and warrants a potential aftermath.","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"267 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00905-8
Keisuke Ikegami
Intraocular pressure (IOP) plays a crucial role in glaucoma development, involving the dynamics of aqueous humor (AH). AH flows in from the ciliary body and exits through the trabecular meshwork (TM). IOP follows a circadian rhythm synchronized with the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the circadian pacemaker. The SCN resets peripheral clocks through sympathetic nerves or adrenal glucocorticoids (GCs). IOP's circadian rhythm is governed by circadian time signals, sympathetic noradrenaline (NE), and GCs, rather than the local clock. The activity of Na+/K+-ATPase in non-pigmented epithelial cells in the ciliary body can influence the nocturnal increase in IOP by enhancing AH inflow. Conversely, NE, not GCs, can regulate the IOP rhythm by suppressing TM macrophage phagocytosis and AH outflow. The activation of the β1-adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated EPAC-SHIP1 signal through the ablation of phosphatidylinositol triphosphate may govern phagocytic cup formation. These findings could offer insights for better glaucoma management, such as chronotherapy.
{"title":"Circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure","authors":"Keisuke Ikegami","doi":"10.1186/s12576-024-00905-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-024-00905-8","url":null,"abstract":"Intraocular pressure (IOP) plays a crucial role in glaucoma development, involving the dynamics of aqueous humor (AH). AH flows in from the ciliary body and exits through the trabecular meshwork (TM). IOP follows a circadian rhythm synchronized with the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the circadian pacemaker. The SCN resets peripheral clocks through sympathetic nerves or adrenal glucocorticoids (GCs). IOP's circadian rhythm is governed by circadian time signals, sympathetic noradrenaline (NE), and GCs, rather than the local clock. The activity of Na+/K+-ATPase in non-pigmented epithelial cells in the ciliary body can influence the nocturnal increase in IOP by enhancing AH inflow. Conversely, NE, not GCs, can regulate the IOP rhythm by suppressing TM macrophage phagocytosis and AH outflow. The activation of the β1-adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated EPAC-SHIP1 signal through the ablation of phosphatidylinositol triphosphate may govern phagocytic cup formation. These findings could offer insights for better glaucoma management, such as chronotherapy.","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140016678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00906-7
Satoshi Kurihara, Norio Fukuda
Of the ions involved in myocardial function, Ca2+ is the most important. Ca2+ is crucial to the process that allows myocardium to repeatedly contract and relax in a well-organized fashion; it is the process called excitation–contraction coupling. In order, therefore, for accurate comprehension of the physiology of the heart, it is fundamentally important to understand the detailed mechanism by which the intracellular Ca2+ concentration is regulated to elicit excitation–contraction coupling. Aequorin was discovered by Shimomura, Johnson and Saiga in 1962. By taking advantage of the fact that aequorin emits blue light when it binds to Ca2+ within the physiologically relevant concentration range, in the 1970s and 1980s, physiologists microinjected it into myocardial preparations. By doing so, they proved that Ca2+ transients occur upon membrane depolarization, and tension development (i.e., actomyosin interaction) subsequently follows, dramatically advancing the research on cardiac excitation–contraction coupling.
{"title":"Regulation of myocardial contraction as revealed by intracellular Ca2+ measurements using aequorin","authors":"Satoshi Kurihara, Norio Fukuda","doi":"10.1186/s12576-024-00906-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-024-00906-7","url":null,"abstract":"Of the ions involved in myocardial function, Ca2+ is the most important. Ca2+ is crucial to the process that allows myocardium to repeatedly contract and relax in a well-organized fashion; it is the process called excitation–contraction coupling. In order, therefore, for accurate comprehension of the physiology of the heart, it is fundamentally important to understand the detailed mechanism by which the intracellular Ca2+ concentration is regulated to elicit excitation–contraction coupling. Aequorin was discovered by Shimomura, Johnson and Saiga in 1962. By taking advantage of the fact that aequorin emits blue light when it binds to Ca2+ within the physiologically relevant concentration range, in the 1970s and 1980s, physiologists microinjected it into myocardial preparations. By doing so, they proved that Ca2+ transients occur upon membrane depolarization, and tension development (i.e., actomyosin interaction) subsequently follows, dramatically advancing the research on cardiac excitation–contraction coupling.","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139923950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-17DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00904-9
Ghinwa M. Barakat, Wiam Ramadan, Ghaith Assi, Noura B. El Khoury
Many hormones act on the hypothalamus to control hunger and satiety through various pathways closely associated with several factors. When food is present in the gastro intestinal (GI) tract, enteroendocrine cells (EECs) emit satiety signals such as cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), which can then communicate with the vagus nerve to control food intake. More specifically, satiety has been shown to be particularly affected by the GLP-1 hormone and its receptor agonists that have lately been acknowledged as a promising way to reduce weight. In addition, there is increasing evidence that normal flora is also involved in the peripheral, central, and reward system that impact satiety. Moreover, neurologic pathways control satiety through neurotransmitters. In this review, we discuss the different roles of each of the GLP-1 hormone and its agonist, gut microbiomes, as well as neurotransmitters and their interconnected relation in the regulation of body’s satiety homeostasis.
{"title":"Satiety: a gut–brain–relationship","authors":"Ghinwa M. Barakat, Wiam Ramadan, Ghaith Assi, Noura B. El Khoury","doi":"10.1186/s12576-024-00904-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-024-00904-9","url":null,"abstract":"Many hormones act on the hypothalamus to control hunger and satiety through various pathways closely associated with several factors. When food is present in the gastro intestinal (GI) tract, enteroendocrine cells (EECs) emit satiety signals such as cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), which can then communicate with the vagus nerve to control food intake. More specifically, satiety has been shown to be particularly affected by the GLP-1 hormone and its receptor agonists that have lately been acknowledged as a promising way to reduce weight. In addition, there is increasing evidence that normal flora is also involved in the peripheral, central, and reward system that impact satiety. Moreover, neurologic pathways control satiety through neurotransmitters. In this review, we discuss the different roles of each of the GLP-1 hormone and its agonist, gut microbiomes, as well as neurotransmitters and their interconnected relation in the regulation of body’s satiety homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139755327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-04DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00898-4
F. Liebold, W. Adler, S. Jansen, J. P. Klussmann, M. Meyer, L. Nehrlich, J. Schmitz, A. Vingerhoets, L. M. Heindl, J. Hinkelbein
The digitization of aircraft cockpits places high demands on the colour vision of pilots. The present study investigates colour vision changes upon acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. The digital Waggoner Computerized Color Vision Test and the Waggoner D-15 were performed by 54 healthy volunteers in a decompression chamber. Respective altitude levels were sea level, 10,000 or 15,000 ft for exposure periods of 15 and 60 min, respectively. As for 60 min of exposure a significant decrease in colour perception was found between subjects at 15,000 ft as compared to the control group as well as between subjects at 15,000 ft as compared to subjects at 10,000 ft. No significant difference was found in the comparison within the 15,000 ft groups across time points pre-, peri-, and post-exposure. Thus, pilots appear to experience only minor colour vision impairment up to an exposure altitude of 15,000 ft over 60 min of exposure.
{"title":"Evaluation of colour vision impairment during acute hypobaric hypoxia in aviation medicine: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"F. Liebold, W. Adler, S. Jansen, J. P. Klussmann, M. Meyer, L. Nehrlich, J. Schmitz, A. Vingerhoets, L. M. Heindl, J. Hinkelbein","doi":"10.1186/s12576-024-00898-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-024-00898-4","url":null,"abstract":"The digitization of aircraft cockpits places high demands on the colour vision of pilots. The present study investigates colour vision changes upon acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. The digital Waggoner Computerized Color Vision Test and the Waggoner D-15 were performed by 54 healthy volunteers in a decompression chamber. Respective altitude levels were sea level, 10,000 or 15,000 ft for exposure periods of 15 and 60 min, respectively. As for 60 min of exposure a significant decrease in colour perception was found between subjects at 15,000 ft as compared to the control group as well as between subjects at 15,000 ft as compared to subjects at 10,000 ft. No significant difference was found in the comparison within the 15,000 ft groups across time points pre-, peri-, and post-exposure. Thus, pilots appear to experience only minor colour vision impairment up to an exposure altitude of 15,000 ft over 60 min of exposure.","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139677718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00891-3
Jing Zhao, Qin Zhao, Qiuxia Duan
Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) accounts for about 40% of ALI, accompanied by alveolar epithelial injury. The study aimed to reveal the role of circular RNA_0114428 (circ_0114428) in sepsis-induced ALI. Human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs) were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic a sepsis-induced ALI cell model. RNA expression of circ_0114428, miR-574-5p and Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) was detected by qRT-PCR. Protein expression was checked by Western blotting. Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by cell counting kit-8, 5-Ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine (EdU) and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The levels of pro-inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oxidative stress was analyzed by lipid peroxidation Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity detection assays. The interplay among circ_0114428, miR-574-5p and ROCK2 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Circ_0114428 and ROCK2 expression were significantly increased, but miR-574-5p was decreased in blood samples from sepsis patients and LPS-stimulated HPAEpiCs. LPS treatment led to decreased cell viability and proliferation and increased cell apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress; however, these effects were relieved after circ_0114428 knockdown. Besides, circ_0114428 acted as a miR-574-5p sponge and regulated LPS-treated HPAEpiC disorders through miR-574-5p. Meanwhile, ROCK2 was identified as a miR-574-5p target, and its silencing protected against LPS-induced cell injury. Importantly, circ_0114428 knockdown inhibited ROCK2 production by interacting with miR-574-5p. Circ_0114428 knockdown protected against LPS-induced HPAEpiC injury through miR-574-5p/ROCK2 axis, providing a novel therapeutic target in sepsis-induced ALI.
{"title":"Circ_0114428 knockdown inhibits ROCK2 expression to assuage lipopolysaccharide-induced human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell injury through miR-574-5p","authors":"Jing Zhao, Qin Zhao, Qiuxia Duan","doi":"10.1186/s12576-023-00891-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-023-00891-3","url":null,"abstract":"Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) accounts for about 40% of ALI, accompanied by alveolar epithelial injury. The study aimed to reveal the role of circular RNA_0114428 (circ_0114428) in sepsis-induced ALI. Human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs) were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic a sepsis-induced ALI cell model. RNA expression of circ_0114428, miR-574-5p and Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) was detected by qRT-PCR. Protein expression was checked by Western blotting. Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by cell counting kit-8, 5-Ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine (EdU) and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The levels of pro-inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oxidative stress was analyzed by lipid peroxidation Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity detection assays. The interplay among circ_0114428, miR-574-5p and ROCK2 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Circ_0114428 and ROCK2 expression were significantly increased, but miR-574-5p was decreased in blood samples from sepsis patients and LPS-stimulated HPAEpiCs. LPS treatment led to decreased cell viability and proliferation and increased cell apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress; however, these effects were relieved after circ_0114428 knockdown. Besides, circ_0114428 acted as a miR-574-5p sponge and regulated LPS-treated HPAEpiC disorders through miR-574-5p. Meanwhile, ROCK2 was identified as a miR-574-5p target, and its silencing protected against LPS-induced cell injury. Importantly, circ_0114428 knockdown inhibited ROCK2 production by interacting with miR-574-5p. Circ_0114428 knockdown protected against LPS-induced HPAEpiC injury through miR-574-5p/ROCK2 axis, providing a novel therapeutic target in sepsis-induced ALI. ","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"213 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139648546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00892-2
Jihao Ma, Sakurako Yanase, Lisa Udagawa, Tomoyuki Kuwaki, Ikue Kusumoto-Yoshida
Mice fed a single meal daily at a fixed time display food anticipatory activity (FAA). It has been reported that the insular cortex (IC) plays an essential role in food anticipation, and lateral hypothalamus (LH) regulates the expression of FAA. However, how these areas contribute to FAA production is still unclear. Thus, we examined the temporal and spatial activation pattern of neurons in the IC and LH during the food anticipation period to determine their role in FAA establishment. We observed an increase of c-Fos-positive neurons in the IC and LH, including orexin neurons of male adult C57BL/6 mice. These neurons were gradually activated from the 1st day to 15th day of restricted feeding. The activation of these brain regions, however, peaked at a distinct point in the food restriction procedure. These results suggest that the IC and LH are differently involved in the neural network for FAA production.
每天在固定时间喂食一餐的小鼠会表现出食物期待活动（FAA）。据报道，岛叶皮层（IC）在食物预期中扮演着重要角色，而外侧下丘脑（LH）则调节着食物预期活动的表达。然而，这些区域如何促进 FAA 的产生仍不清楚。因此，我们研究了食物期待期 IC 和 LH 神经元的时空激活模式，以确定它们在 FAA 建立中的作用。我们观察到 IC 和 LH 中 c-Fos 阳性神经元的增加，其中包括雄性成年 C57BL/6 小鼠的奥曲肽神经元。从限制进食的第1天到第15天，这些神经元逐渐被激活。然而，这些脑区的激活在限食过程中的一个明显点达到峰值。这些结果表明，IC和LH以不同方式参与了产生FAA的神经网络。
{"title":"Activation of neurons in the insular cortex and lateral hypothalamus during food anticipatory period caused by food restriction in mice","authors":"Jihao Ma, Sakurako Yanase, Lisa Udagawa, Tomoyuki Kuwaki, Ikue Kusumoto-Yoshida","doi":"10.1186/s12576-023-00892-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-023-00892-2","url":null,"abstract":"Mice fed a single meal daily at a fixed time display food anticipatory activity (FAA). It has been reported that the insular cortex (IC) plays an essential role in food anticipation, and lateral hypothalamus (LH) regulates the expression of FAA. However, how these areas contribute to FAA production is still unclear. Thus, we examined the temporal and spatial activation pattern of neurons in the IC and LH during the food anticipation period to determine their role in FAA establishment. We observed an increase of c-Fos-positive neurons in the IC and LH, including orexin neurons of male adult C57BL/6 mice. These neurons were gradually activated from the 1st day to 15th day of restricted feeding. The activation of these brain regions, however, peaked at a distinct point in the food restriction procedure. These results suggest that the IC and LH are differently involved in the neural network for FAA production.","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138554552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00890-4
Yasuo Sakuma
As in many mammalian behaviors, sexual behavior exhibits structure. Each modular components of the structure, that are linked together over time, occur in probabilistic manner. Endocrine milieu, in particular sex hormones, define the probability to synchronize the behavior with the production of gametes. Developmental experience and environmental cues affect the hormonal milieu of the brain. This is especially true in female mammals, in which ova mature with certain intervals along with ovarian secretion of sex hormones. Estrogens secreted by mature ovarian follicles support both affiliative and executive components of female sexual behavior. In the absence of the ovarian steroids, females avoid males when possible, or antagonize and reject males when put together. Female sexual behavior is intimately linked with the estrous cycle in many species such that females are only receptive for a brief period at the estrus stage surrounding ovulation. Thus, in the rat, females strongly influence the outcome of mating encounter with a male. Affiliative or solicitatory behavior shown by females in estrus leads to the female adapting the lordosis posture, which is characterized by hindleg postural rigidity and lordotic dorsiflexion of the spine, in response to touch-pressure somatosensory stimuli on the skin of the flanks, rump-tail base, perineum region given by male partner. The posture facilitates intromission and consequently fertilization. Although dependence on estrogens is the most important feature of female rat sexual behavior, cervical probing combined with palpation of the hindquarter skin acts as a supranormal stimulus to elicit lordosis. Thus, lordosis behavior is a hub of multi-tiered, chronologically arranged set of behaviors and estrogen appear to alter excitability of neural network for lordosis.
{"title":"Preoptic and hypothalamic regulation of multi-tiered, chronologically arranged female rat sexual behavior","authors":"Yasuo Sakuma","doi":"10.1186/s12576-023-00890-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-023-00890-4","url":null,"abstract":"As in many mammalian behaviors, sexual behavior exhibits structure. Each modular components of the structure, that are linked together over time, occur in probabilistic manner. Endocrine milieu, in particular sex hormones, define the probability to synchronize the behavior with the production of gametes. Developmental experience and environmental cues affect the hormonal milieu of the brain. This is especially true in female mammals, in which ova mature with certain intervals along with ovarian secretion of sex hormones. Estrogens secreted by mature ovarian follicles support both affiliative and executive components of female sexual behavior. In the absence of the ovarian steroids, females avoid males when possible, or antagonize and reject males when put together. Female sexual behavior is intimately linked with the estrous cycle in many species such that females are only receptive for a brief period at the estrus stage surrounding ovulation. Thus, in the rat, females strongly influence the outcome of mating encounter with a male. Affiliative or solicitatory behavior shown by females in estrus leads to the female adapting the lordosis posture, which is characterized by hindleg postural rigidity and lordotic dorsiflexion of the spine, in response to touch-pressure somatosensory stimuli on the skin of the flanks, rump-tail base, perineum region given by male partner. The posture facilitates intromission and consequently fertilization. Although dependence on estrogens is the most important feature of female rat sexual behavior, cervical probing combined with palpation of the hindquarter skin acts as a supranormal stimulus to elicit lordosis. Thus, lordosis behavior is a hub of multi-tiered, chronologically arranged set of behaviors and estrogen appear to alter excitability of neural network for lordosis.","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138554736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00867-3
{"title":"Proceedings of the 100th Annual Meeting of The Physiological Society of Japan","authors":"","doi":"10.1186/s12576-023-00867-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-023-00867-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81204577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.1186/s12576-022-00851-3
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
{"title":"Proceedings of the 99th Annual Meeting of The Physiological Society of Japan","authors":"","doi":"10.1186/s12576-022-00851-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-022-00851-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Open Access</b> This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.</p>\u0000<p>Reprints and Permissions</p><img alt=\"Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark\" height=\"81\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml;base64,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","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138532553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：