Neuropathic pain (NeP) is a type of persistent pain initiated by diseases or injuries of the nervous system. Although the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of NeP are poorly understood, the immune system plays a key role in this condition. M2 macrophages have a key role in tissue healing and the reduction of inflammation. This systematic study aims to provide an overview of the role and importance of M2 macrophages in NeP after spinal cord injury (SCI). A comprehensive systematic review was conducted utilizing Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and ISI Web of Science databases. Two independent reviewers conducted the article selection. All publications examine the impact of M2 macrophages on NeP following spinal cord injuries. A quality assessment was conducted on bias entities that had been predetermined. Eleven papers met the criteria. According to the findings, focusing on immune cell polarization presents viable therapeutic options for treating NeP and enhancing recovery after SCI. M2 macrophages are essential for reducing neuropathic pain and promoting recovery after spinal cord injury. The modulation of M2 macrophages by a number of therapeutic approaches, including ivermectin-functionalized MWCNTs, isorhamnetin, Neuregulin-1 administration, TMEM16F inhibition, lentivirus-mediated delivery of anti-inflammatory cytokines, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and red-light therapy promotes neuroregeneration, decreases neuroinflammatory cytokines, and reduces NeP. The results of these preclinical investigations must, however, be interpreted with caution, according to the quality assessment and risk of bias analysis of the studies that were included. Targeting M2 macrophages may have therapeutic benefits as they are essential for the management of NeP and recovery following spinal cord damage.
{"title":"The involvement and significance of M2 macrophages in neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury: a systematic review","authors":"Aidin Shahrezaei, Maryam Sohani, Mohammadhassan Sohouli, Soroush Taherkhani, Farinaz Nasirinezhad","doi":"10.1186/s12576-024-00932-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-024-00932-5","url":null,"abstract":"Neuropathic pain (NeP) is a type of persistent pain initiated by diseases or injuries of the nervous system. Although the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of NeP are poorly understood, the immune system plays a key role in this condition. M2 macrophages have a key role in tissue healing and the reduction of inflammation. This systematic study aims to provide an overview of the role and importance of M2 macrophages in NeP after spinal cord injury (SCI). A comprehensive systematic review was conducted utilizing Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and ISI Web of Science databases. Two independent reviewers conducted the article selection. All publications examine the impact of M2 macrophages on NeP following spinal cord injuries. A quality assessment was conducted on bias entities that had been predetermined. Eleven papers met the criteria. According to the findings, focusing on immune cell polarization presents viable therapeutic options for treating NeP and enhancing recovery after SCI. M2 macrophages are essential for reducing neuropathic pain and promoting recovery after spinal cord injury. The modulation of M2 macrophages by a number of therapeutic approaches, including ivermectin-functionalized MWCNTs, isorhamnetin, Neuregulin-1 administration, TMEM16F inhibition, lentivirus-mediated delivery of anti-inflammatory cytokines, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and red-light therapy promotes neuroregeneration, decreases neuroinflammatory cytokines, and reduces NeP. The results of these preclinical investigations must, however, be interpreted with caution, according to the quality assessment and risk of bias analysis of the studies that were included. Targeting M2 macrophages may have therapeutic benefits as they are essential for the management of NeP and recovery following spinal cord damage.","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gravity has profoundly influenced life on Earth, yet how organisms adapt to changes in gravity remains largely unknown. This study examines vestibular plasticity, specifically how the vestibular system responds to altered gravity. We subjected male C57BL/6J mice to hypergravity (2 G) followed by normal gravity (1 G) to analyze changes in vestibular function and gene expression. Mice showed significant vestibular dysfunction, assessed by righting reflex tests, which persisted for days but reversed at 1 G after exposure to 2 G. Gene expression analysis in the vestibular ganglion identified significant changes in 212 genes out of 49,585 due to gravitational changes. Specifically, 25 genes were upregulated under 2 G and recovered at 1 G after 2 G exposure, while one gene showed the opposite trend. Key neural function genes like Shisa3, Slc25a37, Ntn4, and Snca were involved. Our results reveal that hypergravity-induced vestibular dysfunction is reversible and highlight genes critical for adaptation.
重力对地球上的生命产生了深远的影响，但生物如何适应重力的变化在很大程度上仍是未知数。本研究探讨了前庭的可塑性，特别是前庭系统如何对重力变化做出反应。我们将雄性 C57BL/6J 小鼠置于超重力（2 G）和正常重力（1 G）环境中，分析前庭功能和基因表达的变化。小鼠表现出明显的前庭功能障碍，通过右反射测试进行评估，这种障碍持续数天，但在暴露于 2 G 后的 1 G 条件下发生逆转。前庭神经节中的基因表达分析发现，由于重力变化，49,585 个基因中有 212 个发生了显著变化。具体来说，有25个基因在2 G条件下上调，在暴露于2 G后于1 G时恢复，而有一个基因则呈现相反的趋势。Shisa3、Slc25a37、Ntn4和Snca等关键神经功能基因参与其中。我们的研究结果揭示了超重力诱导的前庭功能障碍是可逆的，并突出了对适应至关重要的基因。
{"title":"Gravitational change-induced alteration of the vestibular function and gene expression in the vestibular ganglion of mice","authors":"Murat Bazek, Motoya Sawa, Kazuhiro Horii, Naotoshi Nakamura, Shingo Iwami, Chia-Hsien Wu, Tsuyoshi Inoue, Fumiaki Nin, Chikara Abe","doi":"10.1186/s12576-024-00939-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-024-00939-y","url":null,"abstract":"Gravity has profoundly influenced life on Earth, yet how organisms adapt to changes in gravity remains largely unknown. This study examines vestibular plasticity, specifically how the vestibular system responds to altered gravity. We subjected male C57BL/6J mice to hypergravity (2 G) followed by normal gravity (1 G) to analyze changes in vestibular function and gene expression. Mice showed significant vestibular dysfunction, assessed by righting reflex tests, which persisted for days but reversed at 1 G after exposure to 2 G. Gene expression analysis in the vestibular ganglion identified significant changes in 212 genes out of 49,585 due to gravitational changes. Specifically, 25 genes were upregulated under 2 G and recovered at 1 G after 2 G exposure, while one gene showed the opposite trend. Key neural function genes like Shisa3, Slc25a37, Ntn4, and Snca were involved. Our results reveal that hypergravity-induced vestibular dysfunction is reversible and highlight genes critical for adaptation.","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00937-0
Kunitoshi Uchida
Temperature detection is essential for the survival and perpetuation of any species. Thermoreceptors in the skin sense body temperature as well as the temperatures of ambient air and objects. Since Dr. David Julius and his colleagues discovered that TRPV1 is expressed in small-diameter primary sensory neurons, and activated by temperatures above 42 °C, 11 of thermo-sensitive TRP channels have been identified. TRPM3 expressed in sensory neurons acts as a sensor for noxious heat. TRPM4 and TRPM5 are Ca2⁺-activated monovalent cation channels, and their activity is drastically potentiated by temperature increase. This review aims to summarize the expression patterns, electrophysiological properties, and physiological roles of TRPM3, TRPM4, and TRPM5 associated with thermosensation.
{"title":"TRPM3, TRPM4, and TRPM5 as thermo-sensitive channels","authors":"Kunitoshi Uchida","doi":"10.1186/s12576-024-00937-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-024-00937-0","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature detection is essential for the survival and perpetuation of any species. Thermoreceptors in the skin sense body temperature as well as the temperatures of ambient air and objects. Since Dr. David Julius and his colleagues discovered that TRPV1 is expressed in small-diameter primary sensory neurons, and activated by temperatures above 42 °C, 11 of thermo-sensitive TRP channels have been identified. TRPM3 expressed in sensory neurons acts as a sensor for noxious heat. TRPM4 and TRPM5 are Ca2⁺-activated monovalent cation channels, and their activity is drastically potentiated by temperature increase. This review aims to summarize the expression patterns, electrophysiological properties, and physiological roles of TRPM3, TRPM4, and TRPM5 associated with thermosensation. ","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00936-1
Tabea C. Fricke, Andreas Leffler
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels serve as sensors for variations in ambient temperature, modulating both thermoregulation and temperature responsive cellular processes. Among these, the vanilloid TRP subfamily (TRPV) comprises six members and at least four of these members (TRPV1-TRPV4) have been associated with thermal sensation. TRPV2 has been described as a sensor for noxious heat, but subsequent studies have unveiled a more complex role for TRPV2 beyond temperature perception. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the intricate thermosensitivity of TRPV2 by synthesizing current knowledge on its biophysical properties, expression pattern and known physiological functions associated with thermosensation.
{"title":"TRPV2: a universal regulator in cellular physiology with a yet poorly defined thermosensitivity","authors":"Tabea C. Fricke, Andreas Leffler","doi":"10.1186/s12576-024-00936-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-024-00936-1","url":null,"abstract":"Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels serve as sensors for variations in ambient temperature, modulating both thermoregulation and temperature responsive cellular processes. Among these, the vanilloid TRP subfamily (TRPV) comprises six members and at least four of these members (TRPV1-TRPV4) have been associated with thermal sensation. TRPV2 has been described as a sensor for noxious heat, but subsequent studies have unveiled a more complex role for TRPV2 beyond temperature perception. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the intricate thermosensitivity of TRPV2 by synthesizing current knowledge on its biophysical properties, expression pattern and known physiological functions associated with thermosensation.","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00935-2
Ryo Masuzawa, Hemilce Karina Rosa Flete, Junya Shimizu, Fuminori Kawano
The present study aimed to investigate age-related changes in histone variant H3.3 and its role in the aging process of mouse tibialis anterior muscle. H3.3 level significantly increased with age and correlated with H3K27me3 level. Acute exercise successfully upregulated the target gene expression in 8-wk-old mice, whereas no upregulation was noted in 53-wk-old mice. H3K27me3 level was increased at these loci in response to acute exercise in 8-wk-old mice. However, in 53-wk-old mice, H3.3 and H3K27me3 levels were increased at rest and were not affected by acute exercise. Furthermore, forced H3.3 expression in the skeletal muscle of 8-wk-old mice led to a gradual improvement in motor function. The results suggest that age-related H3.3 accumulation induces the formation of repressive chromatin in the mouse tibialis anterior muscle. However, H3.3 accumulation also appears to play a positive role in enhancing skeletal muscle function.
{"title":"Age-related histone H3.3 accumulation associates with a repressive chromatin in mouse tibialis anterior muscle","authors":"Ryo Masuzawa, Hemilce Karina Rosa Flete, Junya Shimizu, Fuminori Kawano","doi":"10.1186/s12576-024-00935-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-024-00935-2","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to investigate age-related changes in histone variant H3.3 and its role in the aging process of mouse tibialis anterior muscle. H3.3 level significantly increased with age and correlated with H3K27me3 level. Acute exercise successfully upregulated the target gene expression in 8-wk-old mice, whereas no upregulation was noted in 53-wk-old mice. H3K27me3 level was increased at these loci in response to acute exercise in 8-wk-old mice. However, in 53-wk-old mice, H3.3 and H3K27me3 levels were increased at rest and were not affected by acute exercise. Furthermore, forced H3.3 expression in the skeletal muscle of 8-wk-old mice led to a gradual improvement in motor function. The results suggest that age-related H3.3 accumulation induces the formation of repressive chromatin in the mouse tibialis anterior muscle. However, H3.3 accumulation also appears to play a positive role in enhancing skeletal muscle function.","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00921-8
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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{"title":"Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of The Physiological Society of Japan","authors":"","doi":"10.1186/s12576-024-00921-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-024-00921-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Open Access</b> This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.</p>\u0000<p>Reprints and permissions</p><img alt=\"Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark\" height=\"81\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml;base64,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","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140934556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-27DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00919-2
Taiga Ishimoto, Hideyuki Kosumi, Ken Natsuga, Yoshifumi Yamaguchi
Growth and differentiation are reduced or stopped during hibernation, an energy conserving strategy in harsh seasons by lowered metabolism and body temperature. However, few studies evaluated this in a same individual using a non-invasive method. In this study, we applied a non-invasive tracking method of the nail growth throughout the hibernation period in the same hibernating animals, the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). We found that nail growth was markedly suppressed during the hibernation period but rapidly recovered by the exit from the hibernation period. Our data suggest that nail growth was arrested during deep torpor, a hypometabolic and hypothermic state, but recovered during periodic arousal, a euthermic phase. Consistent with this, nail stem cells located in the nail matrix did not exit the cell cycle in the deep torpor. Thus, hibernation stops nail growth in a body temperature-dependent manner.
{"title":"Nail growth arrest under low body temperature during hibernation","authors":"Taiga Ishimoto, Hideyuki Kosumi, Ken Natsuga, Yoshifumi Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1186/s12576-024-00919-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-024-00919-2","url":null,"abstract":"Growth and differentiation are reduced or stopped during hibernation, an energy conserving strategy in harsh seasons by lowered metabolism and body temperature. However, few studies evaluated this in a same individual using a non-invasive method. In this study, we applied a non-invasive tracking method of the nail growth throughout the hibernation period in the same hibernating animals, the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). We found that nail growth was markedly suppressed during the hibernation period but rapidly recovered by the exit from the hibernation period. Our data suggest that nail growth was arrested during deep torpor, a hypometabolic and hypothermic state, but recovered during periodic arousal, a euthermic phase. Consistent with this, nail stem cells located in the nail matrix did not exit the cell cycle in the deep torpor. Thus, hibernation stops nail growth in a body temperature-dependent manner.","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140805970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00920-9
Masayoshi Takamori, Sumikazu Akiyama, Yoshiteru Seo, Takashi Mizushima
The purpose of this study was the detection and characterization of synergistic muscle activity. Using T2-map MRI, T2 values for 10 forearm muscles in 11 healthy adult volunteers were obtained in the resting state and after isotonic forearm supination and pronation exercises with the elbow extended. T2 was normalized by Z = (T2e–T2r)/SDr, where T2e was T2 after exercise, while T2r and SDr were the reference values of 34 ms and 3 ms, respectively. Using the cumulative frequency curves of Z values (CFZ), we detected 2 and 3 synergistic muscles for supination and pronation, respectively, and divided these into 2 types, one activated by exercise strength dependently, and the other, independent of exercise strength, activated by only a smaller fraction of the participants. We also detected co-contraction for the supination. Thus, CFZ is a useful visualization tool to detect and characterize not only synergistic muscle, but also co-contraction muscle.
本研究的目的是检测和描述协同肌肉活动。利用 T2 映像磁共振成像技术，获得了 11 名健康成年志愿者在静息状态下以及在肘部伸直进行等张力前臂上举和前屈运动后 10 块前臂肌肉的 T2 值。T2 通过 Z = (T2e-T2r)/SDr进行归一化，其中 T2e 是运动后的 T2，而 T2r 和 SDr 分别是 34 ms 和 3 ms 的参考值。利用 Z 值的累积频率曲线（CFZ），我们分别检测到了 2 块和 3 块上举肌和旋前肌的协同肌肉，并将其分为两类，一类肌肉取决于运动强度而被激活，另一类肌肉与运动强度无关，仅被一小部分参与者激活。我们还检测到了仰卧位的共收缩。因此，CFZ 是一种有用的可视化工具，不仅可用于检测和描述协同肌，还可用于检测和描述共收缩肌。
{"title":"Two synergistic types of muscles were detected during forearm rotation exercise by T2 cumulative frequency curves using 0.2 T magnetic resonance imaging","authors":"Masayoshi Takamori, Sumikazu Akiyama, Yoshiteru Seo, Takashi Mizushima","doi":"10.1186/s12576-024-00920-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-024-00920-9","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was the detection and characterization of synergistic muscle activity. Using T2-map MRI, T2 values for 10 forearm muscles in 11 healthy adult volunteers were obtained in the resting state and after isotonic forearm supination and pronation exercises with the elbow extended. T2 was normalized by Z = (T2e–T2r)/SDr, where T2e was T2 after exercise, while T2r and SDr were the reference values of 34 ms and 3 ms, respectively. Using the cumulative frequency curves of Z values (CFZ), we detected 2 and 3 synergistic muscles for supination and pronation, respectively, and divided these into 2 types, one activated by exercise strength dependently, and the other, independent of exercise strength, activated by only a smaller fraction of the participants. We also detected co-contraction for the supination. Thus, CFZ is a useful visualization tool to detect and characterize not only synergistic muscle, but also co-contraction muscle.","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00918-3
Satoko Mihashi, Masaru Watanabe
Actin linked regulatory mechanisms are known to contribute contraction/relaxation in smooth muscle. In order to clarify whether modulation of polymerization/depolymerization of actin filaments affects relaxation process, we examined the effects of cytochalasin D on relaxation process by Ca2+ removal after Ca2+-induced contraction of β-escin skinned (cell membrane permeabilized) taenia cecum and carotid artery preparations from guinea pigs. Cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin polymerization, significantly suppressed the force during relaxation both in skinned taenia cecum and carotid artery. The data fitting analysis of the relaxation processes indicates that cytochalasin D accelerates slow (latch-like) bridge dissociation. Cytochalasin D seems to directly disrupts actin filament organization or its length, resulting in modulation of actin filament structure that prevents myosin binding.
众所周知，肌动蛋白相关调节机制有助于平滑肌的收缩/松弛。为了明确肌动蛋白丝的聚合/解聚调节是否会影响松弛过程，我们研究了细胞松弛素 D 对豚鼠盲肠和颈动脉制备物在 Ca2+ 诱导收缩后通过 Ca2+ 去除松弛过程的影响。肌动蛋白聚合抑制剂细胞松弛素 D 能显著抑制带皮盲肠和颈动脉松弛时的收缩力。对松弛过程的数据拟合分析表明，细胞松弛素 D 会加速慢速（闩锁样）桥接解离。细胞松弛素 D 似乎直接破坏了肌动蛋白丝的组织或其长度，导致肌动蛋白丝结构的改变，从而阻止了肌球蛋白的结合。
{"title":"Effects of cytochalasin D on relaxation process of skinned taenia cecum and carotid artery from guinea pig","authors":"Satoko Mihashi, Masaru Watanabe","doi":"10.1186/s12576-024-00918-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-024-00918-3","url":null,"abstract":"Actin linked regulatory mechanisms are known to contribute contraction/relaxation in smooth muscle. In order to clarify whether modulation of polymerization/depolymerization of actin filaments affects relaxation process, we examined the effects of cytochalasin D on relaxation process by Ca2+ removal after Ca2+-induced contraction of β-escin skinned (cell membrane permeabilized) taenia cecum and carotid artery preparations from guinea pigs. Cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin polymerization, significantly suppressed the force during relaxation both in skinned taenia cecum and carotid artery. The data fitting analysis of the relaxation processes indicates that cytochalasin D accelerates slow (latch-like) bridge dissociation. Cytochalasin D seems to directly disrupts actin filament organization or its length, resulting in modulation of actin filament structure that prevents myosin binding.","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00909-4
Keisho Katayama, Kana Shiozawa, Jordan B. Lee, Natsuki Seo, Haruna Kondo, Mitsuru Saito, Koji Ishida, Philip J. Millar, Ryoichi Banno, Shigehiko Ogoh
The purpose of this study was to clarify sex differences in the inhibition of sympathetic vasomotor outflow which is caused by the loading of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors. Ten young males and ten age-matched females participated. The participants underwent a passive leg raising (PLR) test wherein they were positioned supine (baseline, 0º), and their lower limbs were lifted passively at 10º, 20º, 30º, and 40º. Each angle lasted for 3 min. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was recorded via microneurography of the left radial nerve. Baseline MSNA was lower in females compared to males. MSNA burst frequency was decreased during the PLR in both males (− 6.2 ± 0.4 bursts/min at 40º) and females (− 6.5 ± 0.4 bursts/min at 40º), but no significant difference was detected between the two groups (P = 0.61). These results suggest that sex has minimal influence on the inhibition of sympathetic vasomotor outflow during the loading of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors in young individuals.
{"title":"Influence of sex on sympathetic vasomotor outflow responses to passive leg raising in young individuals","authors":"Keisho Katayama, Kana Shiozawa, Jordan B. Lee, Natsuki Seo, Haruna Kondo, Mitsuru Saito, Koji Ishida, Philip J. Millar, Ryoichi Banno, Shigehiko Ogoh","doi":"10.1186/s12576-024-00909-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12576-024-00909-4","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to clarify sex differences in the inhibition of sympathetic vasomotor outflow which is caused by the loading of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors. Ten young males and ten age-matched females participated. The participants underwent a passive leg raising (PLR) test wherein they were positioned supine (baseline, 0º), and their lower limbs were lifted passively at 10º, 20º, 30º, and 40º. Each angle lasted for 3 min. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was recorded via microneurography of the left radial nerve. Baseline MSNA was lower in females compared to males. MSNA burst frequency was decreased during the PLR in both males (− 6.2 ± 0.4 bursts/min at 40º) and females (− 6.5 ± 0.4 bursts/min at 40º), but no significant difference was detected between the two groups (P = 0.61). These results suggest that sex has minimal influence on the inhibition of sympathetic vasomotor outflow during the loading of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors in young individuals.","PeriodicalId":22836,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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