Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) use bacteria as a catalyst to oxidize organic and/or inorganic substrates and produce electric currents. Wastewater could function as an electron donor in the anode chamber and, thus, represents a very promising energy source. Catholytes, as electron acceptors, influence power production in MFCs by increasing the availability of electrons. The present research aims to determine the influence of catholyte concentration on current production in an aerobic two-chamber MFC. Aerobic treatment was carried out in the two-chamber MFC operated in an incubator at 37 1 °C with and without aeration in the cathode chamber. Wastewater from the chocolate industry was used as a substrate and oxidized by using a bacterial consortium isolated from the sludge wastewater itself. The catholytes used were 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.3 N NaCl. In the presence of NaCl, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency in the cathode chamber of the MFC was approximately 65%–83% without aeration and 76%–89% with aeration after 72 hours. The current density increased as the catholyte concentration increased to 0.05 N, after which the oxidation process shifted from the anode chamber to the cathode chamber. Addition of O2 to the cathode chamber influenced current production.
微生物燃料电池(MFCs)利用细菌作为催化剂氧化有机和/或无机底物并产生电流。废水可以作为阳极室中的电子供体，因此代表了一种非常有前途的能源。阴极电解质作为电子受体，通过增加电子的可用性来影响mfc中的发电。本研究旨在确定阴极电解质浓度对有氧双室MFC电流产生的影响。在371°C的培养箱中运行的双室MFC进行好氧处理，阴极室有和没有曝气。巧克力工业的废水被用作底物，并使用从污泥废水中分离出来的细菌联合体进行氧化。阴极电解质分别为0.01、0.05、0.1和0.3 N NaCl。NaCl存在下，72 h后MFC阴极室化学需氧量(COD)去除率在不曝气的情况下约为65% ~ 83%，在曝气条件下约为76% ~ 89%。当阴极液浓度增加到0.05 N时，电流密度增大，氧化过程从阳极室转移到阴极室。向阴极室添加氧气影响电流的产生。
{"title":"Effect of Catholyte Concentration on Current Production During Chocolate Industry Wastewater Treatment by a Microbial Fuel Cell","authors":"D. R. Wulan, S. Notodarmojo","doi":"10.7454/mst.v24i2.418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/mst.v24i2.418","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) use bacteria as a catalyst to oxidize organic and/or inorganic substrates and produce electric currents. Wastewater could function as an electron donor in the anode chamber and, thus, represents a very promising energy source. Catholytes, as electron acceptors, influence power production in MFCs by increasing the availability of electrons. The present research aims to determine the influence of catholyte concentration on current production in an aerobic two-chamber MFC. Aerobic treatment was carried out in the two-chamber MFC operated in an incubator at 37 1 °C with and without aeration in the cathode chamber. Wastewater from the chocolate industry was used as a substrate and oxidized by using a bacterial consortium isolated from the sludge wastewater itself. The catholytes used were 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.3 N NaCl. In the presence of NaCl, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency in the cathode chamber of the MFC was approximately 65%–83% without aeration and 76%–89% with aeration after 72 hours. The current density increased as the catholyte concentration increased to 0.05 N, after which the oxidation process shifted from the anode chamber to the cathode chamber. Addition of O2 to the cathode chamber influenced current production.","PeriodicalId":22842,"journal":{"name":"Theory of Computing Systems \\/ Mathematical Systems Theory","volume":"20 1","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77465220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-31DOI: 10.31448/mstj.02.01.2019.77-93
Gergely Dobszay, R. Nemes, F. Andriska, Dániel Heincz, K. Kovács, Richárd Reisch, T. Simon
Self-bonding layers In order to simplify construction, to decrease the amount of special auxiliaries, to decrease the damages due to faults, to increase safety and to decrease the necessary space, material producers developed such waterproofing systems which can establish mechanical or chemical working together capability with in situ reinforced concrete load bearing structures. These technologies differ significantly from customary waterproofing in practice. They participate in water displacement not as a separate layer, but as the integral part of an underground civil engineering structure. As long as a waterproofing system functions properly, any type is appropriate. The difference becomes significant only, when due to a breach a fault of the waterproofing system occurs. Only from then on increases the importance of the type of the original system. During our studies we punctured deliberately new, adhesive waterproofing systems and for reference a customary membrane all of which were applied on concrete, hence tested their performance as a structure by concentrating mainly on lateral water filtration.
{"title":"Performance of adhesive waterproofing as regardsof lateral water filtration","authors":"Gergely Dobszay, R. Nemes, F. Andriska, Dániel Heincz, K. Kovács, Richárd Reisch, T. Simon","doi":"10.31448/mstj.02.01.2019.77-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31448/mstj.02.01.2019.77-93","url":null,"abstract":"Self-bonding layers In order to simplify construction, to decrease the amount of special auxiliaries, to decrease the damages due to faults, to increase safety and to decrease the necessary space, material producers developed such waterproofing systems which can establish mechanical or chemical working together capability with in situ reinforced concrete load bearing structures. These technologies differ significantly from customary waterproofing in practice. They participate in water displacement not as a separate layer, but as the integral part of an underground civil engineering structure. As long as a waterproofing system functions properly, any type is appropriate. The difference becomes significant only, when due to a breach a fault of the waterproofing system occurs. Only from then on increases the importance of the type of the original system. During our studies we punctured deliberately new, adhesive waterproofing systems and for reference a customary membrane all of which were applied on concrete, hence tested their performance as a structure by concentrating mainly on lateral water filtration.","PeriodicalId":22842,"journal":{"name":"Theory of Computing Systems \\/ Mathematical Systems Theory","volume":"61 2-3 1","pages":"77-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78452165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the influence of plasticizers (polyethylene glycol [PEG] and ethylene carbonate [EC]) on the ionic conduction of CMC-PVA-NH4NO3. Blended biopolymer electrolytes (BBEs) based on carboxymethyl cellulose– polyvinyl alcohol (CMC-PVA) doped with ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) were obtained via casting solution technique incorporated with PEG and EC, which acted as plasticizers. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was conducted to evaluate the effect of plasticization on the ionic conduction properties. The ionic conductivity improved from 1.70 × 10 S/cm for un-plasticized BBEs to 3.92 × 10 S/cm for plasticized BBEs with EC and 3.00 × 10 S/cm for plasticized BBEs with PEG. The improvement indicated that the plasticizers weakened the Coulombic force and promoted further dissociation in the ionic dopant. The highest ionic conductivity was achieved for BBEs plasticized with EC, thereby suggesting the suitability of EC as plasticizer in this present system. The BBE system showed the Arrhenius characteristic at elevated temperatures and demonstrated increasing ionic conductivity. Dielectric properties of all BBE systems were found to improve upon the addition of EC and PEG, demonstrating their correlation with ionic conductivity.
{"title":"Ethylene Carbonate and Polyethylene Glycol as Efficient Plasticizers in CMC-PVA-NH4NO3-Based Polymer Electrolyte","authors":"Noor Saadiah Mohd Ali, Y. Nagao, A. S. Samsudin","doi":"10.7454/MST.V24I1.3833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/MST.V24I1.3833","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the influence of plasticizers (polyethylene glycol [PEG] and ethylene carbonate [EC]) on the ionic conduction of CMC-PVA-NH4NO3. Blended biopolymer electrolytes (BBEs) based on carboxymethyl cellulose– polyvinyl alcohol (CMC-PVA) doped with ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) were obtained via casting solution technique incorporated with PEG and EC, which acted as plasticizers. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was conducted to evaluate the effect of plasticization on the ionic conduction properties. The ionic conductivity improved from 1.70 × 10 S/cm for un-plasticized BBEs to 3.92 × 10 S/cm for plasticized BBEs with EC and 3.00 × 10 S/cm for plasticized BBEs with PEG. The improvement indicated that the plasticizers weakened the Coulombic force and promoted further dissociation in the ionic dopant. The highest ionic conductivity was achieved for BBEs plasticized with EC, thereby suggesting the suitability of EC as plasticizer in this present system. The BBE system showed the Arrhenius characteristic at elevated temperatures and demonstrated increasing ionic conductivity. Dielectric properties of all BBE systems were found to improve upon the addition of EC and PEG, demonstrating their correlation with ionic conductivity.","PeriodicalId":22842,"journal":{"name":"Theory of Computing Systems \\/ Mathematical Systems Theory","volume":"143 1","pages":"13-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80278887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Floating production storage offloading (FPSO) vessels are movable offshore structures. These structures are designed with large dimensions, and their decks are loaded with several types of equipment. During collision damage, the hull and deck parts loaded with equipment are severely affected. Therefore, the ultimate strength of FPSO vessels should be thoroughly checked and evaluated. The objective of the present study is to analyze the ultimate strength of FPSO vessels against collision damage characterized by hogging and sagging under longitudinal bending. The cross section of an FPSO vessel is modeled with elements composed of stiffened and unstiffened plates. The vessel length is assumed to occupy one frame space. The ultimate strength of FPSO vessels against collision damage is determined by performing a numerical analysis under hogging and sagging conditions. Multipoint constraint is applied to both sides of the cross section, and the material properties are set to be constant. Collision damage is represented by the loss of element stiffness, and it represents the percentage of the ship’s depth. For the extent of transversal damage, B/16 is set to be constant. The minimum and maximum collision damages are taken as 10% and 60% of the ship’s depth, respectively. Numerical results show that the ultimate strength of FPSO vessels and their bending stiffness decrease under collision.
{"title":"Effects of Collision Damage on the Ultimate Strength of FPSO Vessels","authors":"M. Alie, Dian Ramasari, T. Rachman, R. Adiputra","doi":"10.7454/MST.V24I1.3732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/MST.V24I1.3732","url":null,"abstract":"Floating production storage offloading (FPSO) vessels are movable offshore structures. These structures are designed with large dimensions, and their decks are loaded with several types of equipment. During collision damage, the hull and deck parts loaded with equipment are severely affected. Therefore, the ultimate strength of FPSO vessels should be thoroughly checked and evaluated. The objective of the present study is to analyze the ultimate strength of FPSO vessels against collision damage characterized by hogging and sagging under longitudinal bending. The cross section of an FPSO vessel is modeled with elements composed of stiffened and unstiffened plates. The vessel length is assumed to occupy one frame space. The ultimate strength of FPSO vessels against collision damage is determined by performing a numerical analysis under hogging and sagging conditions. Multipoint constraint is applied to both sides of the cross section, and the material properties are set to be constant. Collision damage is represented by the loss of element stiffness, and it represents the percentage of the ship’s depth. For the extent of transversal damage, B/16 is set to be constant. The minimum and maximum collision damages are taken as 10% and 60% of the ship’s depth, respectively. Numerical results show that the ultimate strength of FPSO vessels and their bending stiffness decrease under collision.","PeriodicalId":22842,"journal":{"name":"Theory of Computing Systems \\/ Mathematical Systems Theory","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84358490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norfatihah Mazuki, N. M. J. Rasali, B. Sahraoui, A. S. Samsudin
In this work, alginate doped with various contents of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) as a solid biopolymer electrolyte (SBE) was prepared via casting by using distilled water as a solvent. Impedance studies on alginate–NH4NO3 SBE films were conducted via impedance spectroscopy. The lowest bulk resistance (Rb) showed that the maximum ionic conductivity of the sample containing 25 wt.% NH4NO3 at ambient temperature (303 K) was 5.56 × 10 S cm. The temperature dependence of ionic conductivity was evaluated, and results confirmed that electrolytes followed an Arrhenius behavior. The highest conducting sample was fabricated into an electrical double-layer capacitor and characterized in terms of its electrochemical properties through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge– discharge (GCD) measurement. CV analysis indicated that specific capacitance decreased as the scan rate increased. Conversely, GCD analysis showed that specific capacitance almost remained unchanged for up to 5000 cycles.
本研究以蒸馏水为溶剂，采用浇铸法制备了掺杂不同含量硝酸铵(NH4NO3)的海藻酸盐作为固体生物聚合物电解质(SBE)。采用阻抗谱法对海藻酸盐- nh4no3 SBE薄膜进行了阻抗研究。最小体积电阻(Rb)表明，含25 wt.% NH4NO3的样品在室温(303 K)下的最大离子电导率为5.56 × 10 S cm。对离子电导率的温度依赖性进行了评估，结果证实了电解质遵循Arrhenius行为。采用循环伏安法(CV)和恒流充放电法(GCD)对其电化学性能进行了表征。CV分析表明，比电容随扫描速率的增加而减小。相反，GCD分析表明，在5000次循环中，比电容几乎保持不变。
{"title":"Ionic Conductivity and Electrochemical Properties of Alginate–NN4NO3-Based Biopolymer Electrolytes for EDLC Application","authors":"Norfatihah Mazuki, N. M. J. Rasali, B. Sahraoui, A. S. Samsudin","doi":"10.7454/MST.V24I1.3832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/MST.V24I1.3832","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, alginate doped with various contents of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) as a solid biopolymer electrolyte (SBE) was prepared via casting by using distilled water as a solvent. Impedance studies on alginate–NH4NO3 SBE films were conducted via impedance spectroscopy. The lowest bulk resistance (Rb) showed that the maximum ionic conductivity of the sample containing 25 wt.% NH4NO3 at ambient temperature (303 K) was 5.56 × 10 S cm. The temperature dependence of ionic conductivity was evaluated, and results confirmed that electrolytes followed an Arrhenius behavior. The highest conducting sample was fabricated into an electrical double-layer capacitor and characterized in terms of its electrochemical properties through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge– discharge (GCD) measurement. CV analysis indicated that specific capacitance decreased as the scan rate increased. Conversely, GCD analysis showed that specific capacitance almost remained unchanged for up to 5000 cycles.","PeriodicalId":22842,"journal":{"name":"Theory of Computing Systems \\/ Mathematical Systems Theory","volume":"55 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82214405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Noor, Mijani Rahman, Akhmad Gazali, N. Kania, A. Rahma, E. L. Rampun, A. E. Pratiwi, M. Elma
The water pollution caused by diamond mine activities can kill aquatic life. In this work, we used phytoremediation and filtration to treat pond water polluted by the tailings of a diamond mine located in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Einchhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) was utilized as the biomass for the phytoremediation process. Gravel (10–15 mm) and sand (0.1–1 mm) were used as filter media in the simple filtration setup, using an up-flow system (bottom to top). In the experiment, 16 L of diamond tailing water was poured into five phytoremediation reactors (each 60 L in volume), which were then tested over seven days. A pretreatment analysis of the tailings water showed that its biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of 8.9 mg L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 22 mg L exceeded the national maximum standards of 2 mg L and 10 mg L, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that both phytoremediation and filtration could increase the dissolved oxygen concentration (4.7 mg.L) and reduce the BOD (3.2 mg.L), COD (6.5 mg.L), Fe (0.6 mg.L), Mn (0.16 mg.L), and ammonia (0.63 mg.L) concentrations from those measured in the raw diamond-mine-tailings water. The phytoremediation performance was better than that of filtration. The COD values were successfully reduced to the permissible limit, although the other parameters still failed to meet the government water quality regulation requirements.
{"title":"Comparison of Phytoremediation and Filtration for Diamond-mine-tailings Water Treatment","authors":"M. Noor, Mijani Rahman, Akhmad Gazali, N. Kania, A. Rahma, E. L. Rampun, A. E. Pratiwi, M. Elma","doi":"10.7454/MST.V24I1.3821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/MST.V24I1.3821","url":null,"abstract":"The water pollution caused by diamond mine activities can kill aquatic life. In this work, we used phytoremediation and filtration to treat pond water polluted by the tailings of a diamond mine located in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Einchhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) was utilized as the biomass for the phytoremediation process. Gravel (10–15 mm) and sand (0.1–1 mm) were used as filter media in the simple filtration setup, using an up-flow system (bottom to top). In the experiment, 16 L of diamond tailing water was poured into five phytoremediation reactors (each 60 L in volume), which were then tested over seven days. A pretreatment analysis of the tailings water showed that its biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of 8.9 mg L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 22 mg L exceeded the national maximum standards of 2 mg L and 10 mg L, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that both phytoremediation and filtration could increase the dissolved oxygen concentration (4.7 mg.L) and reduce the BOD (3.2 mg.L), COD (6.5 mg.L), Fe (0.6 mg.L), Mn (0.16 mg.L), and ammonia (0.63 mg.L) concentrations from those measured in the raw diamond-mine-tailings water. The phytoremediation performance was better than that of filtration. The COD values were successfully reduced to the permissible limit, although the other parameters still failed to meet the government water quality regulation requirements.","PeriodicalId":22842,"journal":{"name":"Theory of Computing Systems \\/ Mathematical Systems Theory","volume":"28 1","pages":"43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81643301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The demand for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly municipal solid waste (MSW) processing has increased in developing countries. The thermochemical process offers a fast and reliable solution to reutilize or reduce the volume of MSW. Hydrothermal treatment is a novel MSW treatment technology that is compatible with high-moisture-content feedstock. It involves the thermal degradation of MSW in pressurized water or steam, which promotes the disintegration of cellulosic and polymer materials. Recent advances have shown effective MSW conversion into homogenous solid hydrochar with higher energy density. Alkali and chlorine content, which causes issues in combustors, was successfully removed due to the washing effect of hydrothermal treatment. The possibility of activated carbon production also exists because the surface area is significantly increased after the treatment. This paper presents an overview of the latest development of hydrothermal treatment in the field of post-consumer waste and MSW treatment, with particular focus on the operating conditions and physicochemical characteristics of the hydrochar. Several experimental results from post-consumer waste feedstock were compiled and interpreted using principal component analysis to observe the effect of different operating conditions and feedstock during the hydrothermal process.
{"title":"Current Status of Hydrothermal Treatment for Energy and Material Recovery Toward a Sustainable Post-consumer Material Cycle","authors":"Baskoro Lokahita, M. Aziz, F. Takahashi","doi":"10.7454/MST.V24I1.3885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/MST.V24I1.3885","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly municipal solid waste (MSW) processing has increased in developing countries. The thermochemical process offers a fast and reliable solution to reutilize or reduce the volume of MSW. Hydrothermal treatment is a novel MSW treatment technology that is compatible with high-moisture-content feedstock. It involves the thermal degradation of MSW in pressurized water or steam, which promotes the disintegration of cellulosic and polymer materials. Recent advances have shown effective MSW conversion into homogenous solid hydrochar with higher energy density. Alkali and chlorine content, which causes issues in combustors, was successfully removed due to the washing effect of hydrothermal treatment. The possibility of activated carbon production also exists because the surface area is significantly increased after the treatment. This paper presents an overview of the latest development of hydrothermal treatment in the field of post-consumer waste and MSW treatment, with particular focus on the operating conditions and physicochemical characteristics of the hydrochar. Several experimental results from post-consumer waste feedstock were compiled and interpreted using principal component analysis to observe the effect of different operating conditions and feedstock during the hydrothermal process.","PeriodicalId":22842,"journal":{"name":"Theory of Computing Systems \\/ Mathematical Systems Theory","volume":"233 1","pages":"25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79037185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the study of the seismic response and liquefaction potential of the coastal area of Bengkulu City during the September 2007 Sumatra earthquake. The study is conducted by collecting site investigation data (standard penetration test) and applying input motion to observe soil response. Synthetic ground motion is generated by considering the important aspects of earthquakes, including focal depth, epicenter, earthquake source, and site classification. The synthetized ground motion is then used as the input motion in the seismic response analysis. The results of this analysis are spectral acceleration and peak ground acceleration at each depth. The resulting spectral acceleration is compared with that specified in the seismic design code of Indonesia (SNI 03-1726-2012). Liquefaction potential analysis is performed on the basis of the results of the seismic response analysis. Results show that spectral acceleration depends on soil type. A high soil density equates to a low spectral response. The designed spectral acceleration may still be considered for each borehole, especially for T (period) < 1. However, for T > 1, spectral acceleration should be prioritized, especially for high-rise building construction. The liquefaction analysis reveals that a shallow depth is vulnerable to liquefaction. In general, this study could give a better understanding on the implementation of seismic ground response for liquefaction potential analysis.
{"title":"Liquefaction Potential Analysis Based on Nonlinear Ground Response on the Coastline of Bengkulu City, Indonesia","authors":"L. Z. Mase","doi":"10.7454/MST.V24I1.3778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/MST.V24I1.3778","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the study of the seismic response and liquefaction potential of the coastal area of Bengkulu City during the September 2007 Sumatra earthquake. The study is conducted by collecting site investigation data (standard penetration test) and applying input motion to observe soil response. Synthetic ground motion is generated by considering the important aspects of earthquakes, including focal depth, epicenter, earthquake source, and site classification. The synthetized ground motion is then used as the input motion in the seismic response analysis. The results of this analysis are spectral acceleration and peak ground acceleration at each depth. The resulting spectral acceleration is compared with that specified in the seismic design code of Indonesia (SNI 03-1726-2012). Liquefaction potential analysis is performed on the basis of the results of the seismic response analysis. Results show that spectral acceleration depends on soil type. A high soil density equates to a low spectral response. The designed spectral acceleration may still be considered for each borehole, especially for T (period) < 1. However, for T > 1, spectral acceleration should be prioritized, especially for high-rise building construction. The liquefaction analysis reveals that a shallow depth is vulnerable to liquefaction. In general, this study could give a better understanding on the implementation of seismic ground response for liquefaction potential analysis.","PeriodicalId":22842,"journal":{"name":"Theory of Computing Systems \\/ Mathematical Systems Theory","volume":"31 1","pages":"34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72817000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mansoor ul Hassan Shah, N. Nasruddin, S. Yusup, M. Moniruzzaman
Marine oil spills are effectively controlled by chemical dispersants. However, the toxicity associated with it reduce its employment in marine environment. To overcome this limitation, the acute toxicity of choline based ionic liquids was evaluated as a potential low toxic variant for oil spill remediation. Further, the aggregation behavior of the individual as well as their binary mixtures was also evaluated by employing tensiometry technique. The half-lethal concentration, LC50on zebrafish (Danio rerio) of three choline based ionic liquids showed that the studied ionic liquids (ILs) fall in the range of “practically nontoxic” ( 100-1000 mg L).Various micellar properties showed that a synergistic interaction existed between all the binary mixtures (β < 0, f1and f2 <1). Moreover, the produced micelles were found to be spontaneous and thermodynamically stable with respect to all the mole ratio of ILs. Overall, these results showed the safe nature of the studied ILs for various application including oil dispersants.
{"title":"Acute Toxicitystudy of Choline Based Ionic Liquids Towards Danio rerio fish and the Aggregation Behavior of Their Binary Mixtures","authors":"Mansoor ul Hassan Shah, N. Nasruddin, S. Yusup, M. Moniruzzaman","doi":"10.7454/mst.v23i3.3858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/mst.v23i3.3858","url":null,"abstract":"Marine oil spills are effectively controlled by chemical dispersants. However, the toxicity associated with it reduce its employment in marine environment. To overcome this limitation, the acute toxicity of choline based ionic liquids was evaluated as a potential low toxic variant for oil spill remediation. Further, the aggregation behavior of the individual as well as their binary mixtures was also evaluated by employing tensiometry technique. The half-lethal concentration, LC50on zebrafish (Danio rerio) of three choline based ionic liquids showed that the studied ionic liquids (ILs) fall in the range of “practically nontoxic” ( 100-1000 mg L).Various micellar properties showed that a synergistic interaction existed between all the binary mixtures (β < 0, f1and f2 <1). Moreover, the produced micelles were found to be spontaneous and thermodynamically stable with respect to all the mole ratio of ILs. Overall, these results showed the safe nature of the studied ILs for various application including oil dispersants.","PeriodicalId":22842,"journal":{"name":"Theory of Computing Systems \\/ Mathematical Systems Theory","volume":"198 1","pages":"137-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74444320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. H. Hamsan, M. Kadir, S. B. Aziz, Muhammad Amirul Solihin Azha, Saifful K Muzakir
Dextran polymer host was doped with different concentrations of ammonium fluoride (NH4F) via casting technique. In this present work, dextran-NH4F film has been employed to investigate the ionic conductivity using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy from 50 to 5 MHz. The highest room temperature conductivity is achieved at (2.33 ± 0.76) × 10 S cm with 40 wt.% NH4F. The electrolyte is found to obey Arrhenius rule at high temperature with activation energy of 0.21 eV. Dielectric analysis has been performed to obtain better understanding on the conductivity pattern. The dielectric parameters e.g. ɛreal, ɛimag, Mreal, and Mimag have been tested as a function of frequency at various temperature. The potential stability obtained for the highest electrolyte in this study is 1.58 V.
{"title":"Influence of NH4F in Dextran Based Biopolymer Electrolytes: Conductivity and Electrical Analysis","authors":"M. H. Hamsan, M. Kadir, S. B. Aziz, Muhammad Amirul Solihin Azha, Saifful K Muzakir","doi":"10.7454/mst.v23i3.3729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/mst.v23i3.3729","url":null,"abstract":"Dextran polymer host was doped with different concentrations of ammonium fluoride (NH4F) via casting technique. In this present work, dextran-NH4F film has been employed to investigate the ionic conductivity using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy from 50 to 5 MHz. The highest room temperature conductivity is achieved at (2.33 ± 0.76) × 10 S cm with 40 wt.% NH4F. The electrolyte is found to obey Arrhenius rule at high temperature with activation energy of 0.21 eV. Dielectric analysis has been performed to obtain better understanding on the conductivity pattern. The dielectric parameters e.g. ɛreal, ɛimag, Mreal, and Mimag have been tested as a function of frequency at various temperature. The potential stability obtained for the highest electrolyte in this study is 1.58 V.","PeriodicalId":22842,"journal":{"name":"Theory of Computing Systems \\/ Mathematical Systems Theory","volume":"87 1","pages":"131-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81288734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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