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Experimental Study of the Chimney Height Variation Against Double Pots Biomass Stove Performance 烟囱高度变化对双锅生物质炉性能影响的实验研究
Pub Date : 2018-01-09 DOI: 10.7454/MST.V21I3.3393
F. Faisal, A. Setiawan, W. Wusnah, K. Khairil, Luthfi Luthfi, Mona Fajriana
This research aims to get optimal chimneys height of double pots biomass stove. Optimal chimneys height needs to provide best performance of the stove. Experimental study was done by varied the chimney heights. Water boiling test as the standard method was used to obtained stove performance for each chimney height variation. The results showed that best performance stove was the one with 1.65 cm chimney height, with thermal efficiency at 37.66%.
本研究旨在确定双锅生物质炉的最佳烟囱高度。最佳烟囱高度需要提供炉子的最佳性能。通过改变烟囱高度进行了实验研究。采用沸水试验作为标准方法,得到各烟囱高度变化的炉膛性能。结果表明:烟囱高度为1.65 cm的热效率最高,为37.66%;
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引用次数: 0
Adsorption of Cu(Ii) Ions in Aqueous Solution Onto Limonia Acidissima Shellbased Activated Carbon: Kinetic and Isotherm Studies 酸性柠檬壳活性炭吸附水溶液中Cu(Ii)离子的动力学和等温线研究
Pub Date : 2018-01-09 DOI: 10.7454/MST.V21I3.3461
A. Muslim, S. D. Said, Gita Suci Hariati, Siti Fajar Karina, F. Djuned, Rizka Mulyawan
Adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from Limonia acidissima fruit shell (LAFS-AC) was conducted in batch mode experiments at pH 5 (±0.15), 100 rpm and 1 atm. The effects of contact time, initial Cu(II) ions concentration, KOH concentration, and adsorption temperature on Cu(II) ions adsorption capacity were investigated. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy analyses were performed to investigate the active site and surface morphology of the LAFS-AC, respectively. The Cu(II) ions adsorption was fitted very well (R = 0.94 on average) to the pseudo second-order adsorption kinetic with the adsorption capacity and rate being 25.58 mg/g and 0.07 g/mg.min, respectively at 27 C by the LAFS AC activated using 0.5 M KOH. It was 26.88 mg/g and 0.15 g/mg.min, respectively at 60 C. The Cu(II) ions adsorption followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model (LAIM) (R = 0.98 on average). The LAIM adsorption capacity and constant were 26.67 mg/g and 0.03 L/g, respectively at 27 C. It increased dramatically to 0.09 L/g at 60 C. The optimal adsorption condition obtained was the 0.5 M KOH activated LAFS-AC, initial Cu(II) concentration of 509.81 mg/L and 120-min contact time at 60 C with the Cu(II) ions adsorption capacity of 26.95 mg/g.
在pH值为5(±0.15)、转速为100 rpm、转速为1 atm的条件下,采用酸柠檬果壳活性炭(LAFS-AC)对Cu(II)离子进行了批量吸附实验。考察了接触时间、初始Cu(II)离子浓度、KOH浓度和吸附温度对Cu(II)离子吸附量的影响。傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电镜分别对LAFS-AC的活性部位和表面形貌进行了研究。对Cu(II)离子的吸附符合准二级吸附动力学(平均R = 0.94),吸附量和吸附速率分别为25.58 mg/g和0.07 g/mg。用0.5 M KOH活化的LAFS AC,分别在27℃下进行。分别为26.88 mg/g和0.15 g/mg。Cu(II)离子的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型(LAIM)(平均R = 0.98)。在27℃时,LAIM的吸附容量和常数分别为26.67 mg/g和0.03 L/g,在60℃时,LAIM的吸附量和常数急剧增加到0.09 L/g。得到的最佳吸附条件为0.5 M KOH活化的LAFS-AC,初始Cu(II)浓度为509.81 mg/L, 60℃时接触时间120 min, Cu(II)离子的吸附量为26.95 mg/g。
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引用次数: 1
Innovation of Hydrocarbon Investigation Using Audio-Magnetotelluric in Cepu Field, Indonesia 印尼Cepu油田音频大地电磁勘探油气的创新
Pub Date : 2018-01-09 DOI: 10.7454/MST.V21I3.3213
Iqbal Fauzi Aditama, W. Widodo
An audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) survey has been performed at Cepu oil field located in Indonesia. The objective of this research is to detect resistivity structures of this important hydrocarbon rock. This research can be classified as an innovation in application of the AMT method for hydrocarbon exploration. The lack of seismic resolution has been provided by the AMT method, especially in the location of sub-basalt and sub-salt plays. In additional, the cost of AMT survey is quite low compared to seismic. The forward modelling is included in this research to understand the measurement data response from a mathematical model. In the field campaign, AMT data were acquired along two profiles in a frequency range of 0.1 to 8000 Hz. Anticlinal structure that has an E-W trend has also been identified by AMT resistivity model. Analyses of the AMT data suggest signatures of hydrocarbon reservoir from the anticlinal structure that indicated by a low resistivity zone. The basement structure is estimated to be located at 1600 m or deeper. This study concludes that, as far as the hydrocarbon prospects are concerned, the AMT results seem to confirm the continuation of the anticlinal structure, which was identified as the primary hydrocarbon prospect in previous studies.
在印度尼西亚Cepu油田进行了音频大地电磁(AMT)测量。本研究的目的是探测这一重要烃类岩石的电阻率结构。该研究是AMT方法在油气勘探应用中的一次创新。AMT方法解决了地震分辨率的不足,特别是在玄武岩下和盐下油气藏的位置。此外,与地震相比,AMT勘探的成本相当低。本研究采用正演模型,从数学模型的角度来理解测量数据的响应。在现场作业中,AMT数据沿两条剖面在0.1至8000hz的频率范围内获得。AMT电阻率模型还发现了东西向背斜构造。AMT数据分析表明,油气储集层的特征来自背斜构造,以低电阻率带为标志。地下室结构估计位于1600米或更深。本研究认为,就油气远景而言,AMT结果似乎证实了背斜构造的延续,这是以往研究中确定的主要油气远景。
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引用次数: 1
Experimental Study on Automatic Control for Collision Avoidance of Ships 船舶避碰自动控制的实验研究
Pub Date : 2018-01-09 DOI: 10.7454/MST.V21I3.3447
D. Paroka, M. Kamil, A. Muhammad
Automatic control system is widely applied to control the ship direction or heading angle in accordance with the decided trajectory. Several methods for improving performance of control system have been developed such as ProportionalIntegral-Derivative (PID) control and fuzzy logic based control. Within the last decade, application of automatic control system is not only for ship navigation but also for avoiding collision risk of ships in seaways. This paper discusses the application of automatic control system for avoiding ship collision by free running experiment. Fuzzy logic based control was developed using Mamdani Centroid method to estimate the necessary rudder angle in order to change the ship heading angle. Collision scenario was designed using four fixed obstacles with a certain distance which will be avoided by ship model. The results of free running experiment showed that the automatic control system can minimize the risk against collision or at least provide initial warning that may be faced by the ship. with minimum distance of 3.50 of length between perpendicular. To improve performance of control, external disturbance such as wind and wave should be considered in the design of automatic control system.
自动控制系统被广泛应用于控制船舶的航向或航向角,使其符合预定的航迹。为了提高控制系统的性能,人们提出了比例积分导数(PID)控制和模糊逻辑控制等方法。近十年来,船舶自动控制系统的应用已不仅仅局限于船舶航行,而且还涉及到船舶在海上的避碰风险。通过自由运行试验,论述了船舶避碰自动控制系统的应用。利用马姆达尼质心法估计所需舵角以改变船舶航向角,提出了基于模糊逻辑的控制方法。采用四个固定障碍物设计碰撞场景,这些障碍物具有一定的距离,船舶模型可以避开这些障碍物。自由运行试验结果表明,该自动控制系统可以最大限度地降低船舶可能面临的碰撞风险或至少提供初步预警。与垂线之间的最小距离为3.50的长度。为了提高控制性能,在自动控制系统的设计中应考虑风、浪等外部干扰。
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引用次数: 2
Assessment on Heck-Immine Derivatives as Organic Semiconductor Materials heck -亚胺衍生物作为有机半导体材料的评价
Pub Date : 2018-01-09 DOI: 10.7454/MST.V21I3.3368
R. Rahamathullah, Lim Keemi, W. Khairul
This paper reports the synthetic, characterization and theoretical evaluation of new class of hybrid Heck-immine system involving mixed moieties of vinylene (C=C) and azomethines (CH=N) which has been successfully integrated into an addition of organic semiconducting materials. The assessment of 4-[(hexyloxyphenyl)methylene]amino)-4’-chlorostilbene (HEXCS) based on Donor (D)-π-Acceptor (A) was evaluated as active semiconductor material candidates via several spectroscopic and analytical techniques. In turn, the investigation of its potential as dopant system in conductive film was successfully deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated substrate via spin coating method. The relationship between electronic and optical properties, chemical modelling at molecular interactions and electrical performances of the designated system were evaluated. In addition, the quantum mechanical calculation proved that the value of energy separation of HEXCS between HOMO and LUMO exhibits 3.09 eV which was in good agreement with the experimental result of optical band gap 3.10 eV. The findings from the thermal and conductivity analysis revealed that the developed film HEXCS exhibited good stability at high temperature and electrical performance with an increasing conductivity up to 0.1531 Scm under maximum light intensity of 100 Wm. Therefore, this proposed type of molecular framework has given an ideal indication to act as semiconductor material candidates potentially use in any designated electronic application.
本文报道了乙烯基(C=C)和亚胺基(CH=N)混合基团的新型杂化heck -亚胺体系的合成、表征和理论评价,该体系已成功地集成到有机半导体材料的添加物中。通过多种光谱和分析技术,评价了4-[(己氧苯基)亚甲基]氨基)-4′-氯二苯乙烯(HEXCS)为供体(D)-π-受体(A)的活性半导体候选材料。通过自旋镀膜的方法,成功地将其作为掺杂体系沉积在氧化铟锡(ITO)涂层的衬底上,研究了其作为导电薄膜掺杂体系的潜力。评估了指定体系的电子和光学性质、分子相互作用时的化学建模和电学性能之间的关系。此外,量子力学计算证明,HEXCS在HOMO和LUMO之间的能量分离值为3.09 eV,这与光学带隙3.10 eV的实验结果很好地吻合。热导分析结果表明,制备的HEXCS薄膜具有良好的高温稳定性和电性能,在最大光强为100 Wm时,其电导率可达0.1531 Scm。因此,这种提出的分子框架类型已经给出了理想的指示,可以作为半导体候选材料潜在地用于任何指定的电子应用。
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引用次数: 0
Indonesia’s Municipal Solid Waste 3R and Waste to Energy Programs 印度尼西亚的城市固体废物3R和废物转化为能源计划
Pub Date : 2018-01-09 DOI: 10.7454/MST.V21I3.3536
F. Farizal, R. Aji, A. Rachman, N. Nasruddin, T. Mahlia
Like most cities in the world, population in Indonesia continues to grow every year. Problems that can arise from this are the increasing amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) production and the growing demand for electricity. To deal with the problems, Indonesian government runs 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) and WTE (Waste to Energy) Programs simultaneously. 3R program aims to reduce the number of waste, while WTE program aims to generate electricity as an alternative energy source. This study aims to find out the optimal proportion of MSW treated through the 3R and WTE programs. For the purpose, a goal programming model has been developed and solved using LINGO 11. The results showed that the optimal proportion of MSW through the 3R program is 49.90%, 12.37% through WTE program. This leaves 37.73% of waste untreated. The electricity generated from WTE program reached 1,229.695 GWh, total emissions that can be saved is 1,809,208.2 tons CO2 equivalent and total land-use for the programs is 4,036,239.1 m. This study was enriched by performing some scenarios, i.e. adding budget allocation of WTE program, tightening the limit of total emission from waste management and reducing the limit of land-use for waste treatment.
像世界上大多数城市一样,印度尼西亚的人口每年都在持续增长。由此可能产生的问题是城市固体废物(MSW)产生量的增加和电力需求的增长。为了解决这些问题,印尼政府同时实施了3R(减少、再利用和回收)和WTE(废物转化为能源)计划。3R计划旨在减少废物的数量,而WTE计划旨在发电作为替代能源。本研究旨在找出通过3R和WTE方案处理城市生活垃圾的最佳比例。为此,建立了一个目标规划模型,并利用LINGO 11进行了求解。结果表明,3R处理的最佳城市生活垃圾比例为49.90%,WTE处理的最佳城市生活垃圾比例为12.37%。这使得37.73%的废物未经处理。WTE项目发电量达到12299.695 GWh,可节约总排放量1,809,208.2吨CO2当量,项目总用地面积4,036,239.1 m。通过增加WTE项目预算拨款、收紧废弃物管理排放总量限制和降低废弃物处理用地限制等情景,丰富了研究内容。
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引用次数: 20
Online prediction of battery discharge and flight mission assessment for electrical rotorcraft 电动旋翼机电池放电在线预测与飞行任务评估
Pub Date : 2018-01-08 DOI: 10.31274/ETD-180810-5698
A. Alnaqeb
In recent concept development and research effort on Unmanned Arial System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) and urban on demand mobility (ODM), electric Vertical Take-off and Landing (eVTOL) operations for cargo delivery and passenger transportation need to constantly check if their mission can be successfully completed given the current battery power supply. This onboard or ground-based mission evaluation algorithm is necessary because (1) eVTOL aircraft run on limited battery power; and (2) eVTOL aircraft are usually light weighted so they are subject to wind uncertainties in low-altitude airspace. In this work, the plan is to create an equivalent circuit model (ECM) that best represents the battery pack of a UAS, and then use flight testing to validate the accuracy of that model. Additionally, the ECM will be used to predict the UAS’s ability to complete a specific flight plan successfully. The expected significance of this research is to provide an online framework to constantly monitor and predict battery behavior for mission assessment, which is critical for low-altitude eVTOL operations.
在无人机系统(UAS)交通管理(UTM)和城市按需移动(ODM)的最新概念开发和研究工作中,用于货物交付和客运的电动垂直起降(eVTOL)操作需要不断检查其任务是否可以在当前电池供电的情况下成功完成。这种机载或地面任务评估算法是必要的,因为(1)eVTOL飞机的电池电量有限;(2) eVTOL飞机通常重量轻,因此在低空空域受到风的不确定性的影响。在这项工作中,计划是创建一个最能代表无人机电池组的等效电路模型(ECM),然后使用飞行测试来验证该模型的准确性。此外,ECM将用于预测无人机成功完成特定飞行计划的能力。本研究的预期意义在于为任务评估提供一个在线框架来持续监测和预测电池行为,这对低空eVTOL操作至关重要。
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引用次数: 8
Ion Dynamics of Ethylammonium Nitrate by Means of Quasielastic Neutron Scattering 准弹性中子散射法研究硝酸乙铵离子动力学
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.7282/T3-FBNX-JE88
S. R. Huq
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引用次数: 0
Structural Transformations in Diluted Micellar and Lamellar Systems 稀释胶束和片层体系的结构转变
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.23860/thesis-zelaya-rincon-blanca-2017
Blanca Zelaya-Rincon
................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ v LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER 1 ..................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................二世致谢 ..........................................................................................三世目录 ...........................................................................................第四列表 ........................................................................................................v的列表数据 ....................................................................................................第六章1 ..................................................................................................................
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Dimensionless Scaling Relationships for Rotating Free Flight Bodies 旋转自由飞行体的无量纲标度关系分析
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.33915/etd.6659
Shawn A. Smearcheck
Analysis of Dimensionless Scaling Relationships for Rotating Free Flight Bodies
旋转自由飞行体的无量纲标度关系分析
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Theory of Computing Systems \/ Mathematical Systems Theory
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