Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0035
Sang Hoon Lee, S. Nam, Sung Joon Lee, Sung Chul Park, D. Choi, C. Kang, J. Park
Background/Aims: Belching and retching tend to cause technical difficulties during endoscopic procedures; however, risk factors associated with belching and retching during endoscopy remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the factors associated with belching and retching during unsedated endoscopy and the effects of belching and retching on the grading of Los Angeles (LA) classification of reflux esophagitis. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study included patients who underwent unsedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). We used a predefined grading system to evaluate belching and retching during the endoscopic examination. LA classification grades were compared between the endoscope insertion and withdrawal phases of EGD. Results: The study included 327 patients. Age (specifically, young age [<60 years]) was significantly associated with belching and retching ( P <0.001). Belching and retching were not associated with statistically significant change of the LA classification ( P =0.962). However, we observed differences in Z-line appearance between the endoscope insertion and withdrawal phases in several patients. Conclusions: Age was significantly associated with belching and retching during unsedated EGD. Notably, Z-line appearance was also changed during EGD in some patients. (Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res 2022;22:295-302)
{"title":"Factors Associated with Belching and Retching during Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and Their Effects on Z-Line Appearance","authors":"Sang Hoon Lee, S. Nam, Sung Joon Lee, Sung Chul Park, D. Choi, C. Kang, J. Park","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0035","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aims: Belching and retching tend to cause technical difficulties during endoscopic procedures; however, risk factors associated with belching and retching during endoscopy remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the factors associated with belching and retching during unsedated endoscopy and the effects of belching and retching on the grading of Los Angeles (LA) classification of reflux esophagitis. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study included patients who underwent unsedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). We used a predefined grading system to evaluate belching and retching during the endoscopic examination. LA classification grades were compared between the endoscope insertion and withdrawal phases of EGD. Results: The study included 327 patients. Age (specifically, young age [<60 years]) was significantly associated with belching and retching ( P <0.001). Belching and retching were not associated with statistically significant change of the LA classification ( P =0.962). However, we observed differences in Z-line appearance between the endoscope insertion and withdrawal phases in several patients. Conclusions: Age was significantly associated with belching and retching during unsedated EGD. Notably, Z-line appearance was also changed during EGD in some patients. (Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res 2022;22:295-302)","PeriodicalId":22895,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49291355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0049
Yeonjin Je, Y. Youn
Non-ampullary duodenal tumors refer to duodenal lesions that originate at sites other than the ampulla of Vater. They differ from ampullary duodenal tumors, which are typically associated with obstructive symptoms. Non-ampullary duodenal tumors are rare; therefore, standardized clinical management, including diagnostic and therapeutic modalities and the follow-up strategy remain unclear. An increase in the numbers of patients undergoing endoscopy during medical checkups and technological advances in endoscopic procedures, including high-resolution and image-enhanced endoscopy have led to an increase in detection rates of duodenal tumors recently. Currently, endoscopic resection of duodenal tumors is widely used and is a preferred therapeutic alternative to surgical excision. Some duodenal tumors of high malignant potential are associated with poor prognosis; therefore, accurate diagnosis and timely management are important. In this article, we review the current knowledge regarding non-ampullary duodenal tumors and the therapeutic approaches to these lesions
{"title":"Non-Ampullary Duodenal Tumors","authors":"Yeonjin Je, Y. Youn","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0049","url":null,"abstract":"Non-ampullary duodenal tumors refer to duodenal lesions that originate at sites other than the ampulla of Vater. They differ from ampullary duodenal tumors, which are typically associated with obstructive symptoms. Non-ampullary duodenal tumors are rare; therefore, standardized clinical management, including diagnostic and therapeutic modalities and the follow-up strategy remain unclear. An increase in the numbers of patients undergoing endoscopy during medical checkups and technological advances in endoscopic procedures, including high-resolution and image-enhanced endoscopy have led to an increase in detection rates of duodenal tumors recently. Currently, endoscopic resection of duodenal tumors is widely used and is a preferred therapeutic alternative to surgical excision. Some duodenal tumors of high malignant potential are associated with poor prognosis; therefore, accurate diagnosis and timely management are important. In this article, we review the current knowledge regarding non-ampullary duodenal tumors and the therapeutic approaches to these lesions","PeriodicalId":22895,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46492666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0041
J. Jang, Cheol Woong Cho
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research is an Open-Access Journal. All articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. IMAGE OF THE ISSUE ISSN 1738-3331 eISSN 2671-826X, https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0041 The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research, 2022;22(4):317-320
《韩国幽门螺杆菌与上消化道研究杂志》是一份开放获取期刊。所有文章都是在知识共享署名非商业许可(http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0)的条款下发布的，该许可允许不受限制的非商业使用、分发和在任何媒体上复制，前提是正确引用原创作品。ISSUE IMAGE OF ISSN 1738-3331 eISSN 2671-826X, https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0041韩国幽门螺杆菌与上胃肠研究杂志，2022;22(4):317-320
{"title":"Subepithelial Tumor Diagnosed after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection","authors":"J. Jang, Cheol Woong Cho","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0041","url":null,"abstract":"The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research is an Open-Access Journal. All articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. IMAGE OF THE ISSUE ISSN 1738-3331 eISSN 2671-826X, https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0041 The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research, 2022;22(4):317-320","PeriodicalId":22895,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42232115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0045
Sun-Young Lee
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research is an Open-Access Journal. All articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. BRIEF REPORT ISSN 1738-3331 eISSN 2671-826X, https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0045 The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research, [Epub ahead of print]
《韩国幽门螺杆菌与上消化道研究杂志》是一份开放获取期刊。所有文章都是在知识共享署名非商业许可(http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0)的条款下发布的，该许可允许不受限制的非商业使用、分发和在任何媒体上复制，前提是正确引用原创作品。简要报告ISSN 1738-3331 eISSN 2671-826X, https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0045 The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper胃肠道研究，[Epub提前印刷]
{"title":"Comparison of Gastric Cancer Screening Strategies between Helicobacter pylori-infected, -eradicated, and -naive Individuals","authors":"Sun-Young Lee","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0045","url":null,"abstract":"The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research is an Open-Access Journal. All articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. BRIEF REPORT ISSN 1738-3331 eISSN 2671-826X, https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0045 The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research, [Epub ahead of print]","PeriodicalId":22895,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42648439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0038
H. Kang, C. Lim, Sukil Kim, Arum Choi, J. Oh
Background/Aims: Based on the Kyoto classification of gastritis, mucosal atrophy, endoscopic intestinal metaplasia, fold enlargement, nodularity, and diffuse redness may be associated with gastric cancer and Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection. In this study, we investigated the association between Kyoto scores based on the aforementioned five variables and current H. pylori infection. Materials and Methods: We reviewed medical records of consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic biopsies between January and June 2019. The study included 687 patients (370 and 317 patients with H. pylori- negative and -positive results, respectively). The Kyoto score was evaluated by the endoscopist who performed the test and was reconfirmed by another endoscopist. The total Kyoto score was analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for each score from 0 to 8. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the variables associated with H. pylori infection. Results: The maximum value of the Youden index (which reflects the ideal cut-off score of the Kyoto score on the ROC curve) was a Kyoto score of 2 points (Youden index 0.5905). Nodularity (OR 24.69, 95% CI 8.57~71.16, P <0.001) and diffuse redness (1 point: OR 18.29, 95% CI 10.29~32.52, P <0.001 and 2 points: OR 30.82, 95% CI 14.07~67.52, P <0.001) showed the highest OR on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: A Kyoto classification cut-off score of 2 points was suggestive of H. pylori infection, and mucosal nodularity and diffuse redness were most significantly associated with the risk of infection. (Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res 2022;22:281-287)
{"title":"Usefulness of the Kyoto Classification Score for Prediction of Current Helicobacter pylori Infection","authors":"H. Kang, C. Lim, Sukil Kim, Arum Choi, J. Oh","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0038","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aims: Based on the Kyoto classification of gastritis, mucosal atrophy, endoscopic intestinal metaplasia, fold enlargement, nodularity, and diffuse redness may be associated with gastric cancer and Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection. In this study, we investigated the association between Kyoto scores based on the aforementioned five variables and current H. pylori infection. Materials and Methods: We reviewed medical records of consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic biopsies between January and June 2019. The study included 687 patients (370 and 317 patients with H. pylori- negative and -positive results, respectively). The Kyoto score was evaluated by the endoscopist who performed the test and was reconfirmed by another endoscopist. The total Kyoto score was analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for each score from 0 to 8. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the variables associated with H. pylori infection. Results: The maximum value of the Youden index (which reflects the ideal cut-off score of the Kyoto score on the ROC curve) was a Kyoto score of 2 points (Youden index 0.5905). Nodularity (OR 24.69, 95% CI 8.57~71.16, P <0.001) and diffuse redness (1 point: OR 18.29, 95% CI 10.29~32.52, P <0.001 and 2 points: OR 30.82, 95% CI 14.07~67.52, P <0.001) showed the highest OR on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: A Kyoto classification cut-off score of 2 points was suggestive of H. pylori infection, and mucosal nodularity and diffuse redness were most significantly associated with the risk of infection. (Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res 2022;22:281-287)","PeriodicalId":22895,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47584240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0023
S. Nam, J. Jeong, Won Kee Lee, S. Jeon
Background/Aims: HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) may have anti-tumor effects; however, the effects remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate sex- and tumor stage-specific association of hyperglycemia and HDL-C with gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We used the National Health Insurance Service data. All participants underwent gastric cancer screening between January and December 2011. Hyperglycemia and HDL-C levels were categorized according to the World Health Organization guideline and Adult Treatment Panel III. Adjusted regression analysis was performed using ORs and 95% CIs. Results: Gastric cancer was detected in 10,417 of 5.49 million individuals (2.43 million men). Hyperglycemia (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.20~1.36) and low HDL-C levels (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.35~1.48) were associated with gastric cancer. In the sub-analysis by sex, hyperglycemia ( ≥ 126 mg/dL) was associated with gastric cancer in both men (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.18~1.36) and women (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.17~1.49). Low HDL-C levels were associated with gastric cancer in both men (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.40~1.58) and women (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.27~1.42). In the sub-analysis by tumor stage, hyperglycemia was associated with both early (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08~1.20) and advanced gastric cancer (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.26~1.55). Low HDL-C levels were also associated with early (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.27~1.41) and advanced gastric cancer (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.74~2.13). Conclusions: Hyperglycemia and low HDL-C levels are consistently associated with gastric cancer regardless of sex or tumor stage.
{"title":"Low Serum Level of High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is Associated with Gastric Cancer Regardless of Sex and Tumor Stage","authors":"S. Nam, J. Jeong, Won Kee Lee, S. Jeon","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aims: HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) may have anti-tumor effects; however, the effects remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate sex- and tumor stage-specific association of hyperglycemia and HDL-C with gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We used the National Health Insurance Service data. All participants underwent gastric cancer screening between January and December 2011. Hyperglycemia and HDL-C levels were categorized according to the World Health Organization guideline and Adult Treatment Panel III. Adjusted regression analysis was performed using ORs and 95% CIs. Results: Gastric cancer was detected in 10,417 of 5.49 million individuals (2.43 million men). Hyperglycemia (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.20~1.36) and low HDL-C levels (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.35~1.48) were associated with gastric cancer. In the sub-analysis by sex, hyperglycemia ( ≥ 126 mg/dL) was associated with gastric cancer in both men (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.18~1.36) and women (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.17~1.49). Low HDL-C levels were associated with gastric cancer in both men (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.40~1.58) and women (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.27~1.42). In the sub-analysis by tumor stage, hyperglycemia was associated with both early (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08~1.20) and advanced gastric cancer (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.26~1.55). Low HDL-C levels were also associated with early (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.27~1.41) and advanced gastric cancer (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.74~2.13). Conclusions: Hyperglycemia and low HDL-C levels are consistently associated with gastric cancer regardless of sex or tumor stage.","PeriodicalId":22895,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42821205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0033
Tae Ho Kim
Article: Low serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with gastric cancer regardless of sex and tumor stage (Korean
文章：血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平低与癌症相关，无论性别和肿瘤分期（韩国
{"title":"Significance of Decreased Serum High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Patients with Gastric Cancer","authors":"Tae Ho Kim","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Article: Low serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with gastric cancer regardless of sex and tumor stage (Korean","PeriodicalId":22895,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42726022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-24DOI: 10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0025
S. Seo, W. Shin
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research is an Open-Access Journal. All articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received: June 29, 2022 Revised: July 22, 2022 Accepted: August 12, 2022
{"title":"Efficacy of Bismuth-based Quadruple Therapy as First-line Treatment for Clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori Infection","authors":"S. Seo, W. Shin","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0025","url":null,"abstract":"The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research is an Open-Access Journal. All articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received: June 29, 2022 Revised: July 22, 2022 Accepted: August 12, 2022","PeriodicalId":22895,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41858055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0019
K. Park, K. Jung
Achalasia is characterized by peristaltic failure and incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. The incidence and prevalence of achalasia increase with age, although achalasia can affect all age groups. The pathophysiology of achalasia involves the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus of the esophagus. Its main symptoms include dysphagia, chest pain, re-gurgitation, and weight loss. The method of diagnosing achalasia has evolved from conventional manometry in the 1970s to high-resolution manometry in the 2010s. High-resolution manometry based on spatiotemporal plots can diagnose achalasia more precisely than conventional manometry. Moreover, novel parameters such as integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) (according to the Chicago classification) have increased diagnostic accuracy. However, cases of achalasia presenting with normal IRP have been reported. Therefore, the novel Chicago classification version 4.0 has adopted additional tests. These tests include the stress test for esophageal motor disorders, timed barium esophagography, and test using a functional lumen imaging probe that measures the distensibility of the esophagogastric junction. Achalasia was previously treated using surgical myotomy, balloon dilation, and botu-linum toxin injection. However, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has recently become the mainstay treatment. POEM has a higher clinical success rate and a lower complication rate than surgical myotomy. Esophageal cancer and pulmonary conditions such as aspiration pneumonia are possible complications of achalasia. In this review, the current knowledge regarding achalasia to-gether with novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are discussed. (Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res 2022 Aug 22.
{"title":"Achalasia","authors":"K. Park, K. Jung","doi":"10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Achalasia is characterized by peristaltic failure and incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. The incidence and prevalence of achalasia increase with age, although achalasia can affect all age groups. The pathophysiology of achalasia involves the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus of the esophagus. Its main symptoms include dysphagia, chest pain, re-gurgitation, and weight loss. The method of diagnosing achalasia has evolved from conventional manometry in the 1970s to high-resolution manometry in the 2010s. High-resolution manometry based on spatiotemporal plots can diagnose achalasia more precisely than conventional manometry. Moreover, novel parameters such as integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) (according to the Chicago classification) have increased diagnostic accuracy. However, cases of achalasia presenting with normal IRP have been reported. Therefore, the novel Chicago classification version 4.0 has adopted additional tests. These tests include the stress test for esophageal motor disorders, timed barium esophagography, and test using a functional lumen imaging probe that measures the distensibility of the esophagogastric junction. Achalasia was previously treated using surgical myotomy, balloon dilation, and botu-linum toxin injection. However, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has recently become the mainstay treatment. POEM has a higher clinical success rate and a lower complication rate than surgical myotomy. Esophageal cancer and pulmonary conditions such as aspiration pneumonia are possible complications of achalasia. In this review, the current knowledge regarding achalasia to-gether with novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are discussed. (Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res 2022 Aug 22.","PeriodicalId":22895,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45096682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0026
Sang Yoon Kim
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research is an Open-Access Journal. All articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. EDITORIAL ISSN 1738-3331 eISSN 2671-826X, https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0026 The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research, [Epub ahead of print]
《韩国幽门螺杆菌与上消化道研究杂志》是一份开放获取期刊。所有文章都是在知识共享署名非商业许可(http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0)的条款下发布的，该许可允许不受限制的非商业使用、分发和在任何媒体上复制，前提是正确引用原创作品。社论ISSN 1738-3331 eISSN 2671-826X, https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2022.0026 The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper胃肠道研究[Epub提前印刷]
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