Pub Date : 2015-04-14DOI: 10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101369
G. Rostirolla, R. Righi, V. F. Rodrigues, P. Velho, E. Padoin
Energy consumption on systems that have a continuous power source is tightly-related to both the computing time of an application and its required CPU load. Considering the scope of HPC applications which commonly have a time precision in nano or milliseconds, we observe a lack of systems that combine appropriate sampling rate, low intrusiveness and low cost. In this context, this article presents a model called GreenHPC that uses a hall effect sensor to precisely capture current with an arbitrary timeslice on HPC applications. Its scientific contribution relies on analyzing the energy consumption at a cluster scale, without application intrusiveness, showing the impact of maintaining idle nodes or turning them off for energy saving. Furthermore, considering the use of GreenHPC over the execution of a seismic wave application, we also present the number of employed processors which present the best energy consumption index. Finally, we have used the obtained results to infer a model to estimate energy consumption of HPC applications. All the developed work has a special concern on reproducibility, so all data and hardware schematics are available for download at 1.
{"title":"GreenHPC: a novel framework to measure energy consumption on HPC applications","authors":"G. Rostirolla, R. Righi, V. F. Rodrigues, P. Velho, E. Padoin","doi":"10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101369","url":null,"abstract":"Energy consumption on systems that have a continuous power source is tightly-related to both the computing time of an application and its required CPU load. Considering the scope of HPC applications which commonly have a time precision in nano or milliseconds, we observe a lack of systems that combine appropriate sampling rate, low intrusiveness and low cost. In this context, this article presents a model called GreenHPC that uses a hall effect sensor to precisely capture current with an arbitrary timeslice on HPC applications. Its scientific contribution relies on analyzing the energy consumption at a cluster scale, without application intrusiveness, showing the impact of maintaining idle nodes or turning them off for energy saving. Furthermore, considering the use of GreenHPC over the execution of a seismic wave application, we also present the number of employed processors which present the best energy consumption index. Finally, we have used the obtained results to infer a model to estimate energy consumption of HPC applications. All the developed work has a special concern on reproducibility, so all data and hardware schematics are available for download at 1.","PeriodicalId":229673,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128309469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-14DOI: 10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101358
Vojtech Cima, Bruno Grazioli, Seán Murphy, T. Bohnert
In this paper we consider how energy efficiency aspects can be added to Openstack. With the objective of devising an energy efficient resource manager for Openstack, we first analyze resource and energy utilization on our cloud resources. We observe that there is a large fixed cost associated with server usage patterns and powering down servers is necessary to achieve energy savings. Following this we consider migration mechanisms which are necessary to perform load consolidation: we find that hybrid live migration has the necessary robustness to be part of a sophisticated load management solution. Finally we discuss ongoing work on realizing a load manager for Openstack based on these observations.
{"title":"Adding energy efficiency to Openstack","authors":"Vojtech Cima, Bruno Grazioli, Seán Murphy, T. Bohnert","doi":"10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101358","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we consider how energy efficiency aspects can be added to Openstack. With the objective of devising an energy efficient resource manager for Openstack, we first analyze resource and energy utilization on our cloud resources. We observe that there is a large fixed cost associated with server usage patterns and powering down servers is necessary to achieve energy savings. Following this we consider migration mechanisms which are necessary to perform load consolidation: we find that hybrid live migration has the necessary robustness to be part of a sophisticated load management solution. Finally we discuss ongoing work on realizing a load manager for Openstack based on these observations.","PeriodicalId":229673,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123673802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-14DOI: 10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101380
E. Gelenbe, Elif Tuğçe Ceran
We consider an interconnected distributed computer system with multiple computation centres (CC) that operate with energy harvesting to improve sustainability. The intermittent energy harvesting is matched with steady demand from the CCs using energy storage (ES), e.g. batteries. Based on energy leakage from batteries, and power losses over transmission lines, we examine whether a centralised or distributed ES system provides the solution that offers the smallest response time to a fixed workload of computer jobs using the Energy Packet Network (EPN) modelling paradigm.
{"title":"Central or distributed energy storage for processors with energy harvesting","authors":"E. Gelenbe, Elif Tuğçe Ceran","doi":"10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101380","url":null,"abstract":"We consider an interconnected distributed computer system with multiple computation centres (CC) that operate with energy harvesting to improve sustainability. The intermittent energy harvesting is matched with steady demand from the CCs using energy storage (ES), e.g. batteries. Based on energy leakage from batteries, and power losses over transmission lines, we examine whether a centralised or distributed ES system provides the solution that offers the smallest response time to a fixed workload of computer jobs using the Energy Packet Network (EPN) modelling paradigm.","PeriodicalId":229673,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128920153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-14DOI: 10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101366
Abdullah Al Hasib, N. Nikitin, L. Natvig
The increasing integration of new technologies for power generation into the smart grid systems calls for novel demand response (DR) algorithms, which schedule the appliances to minimize cost and maximize comfort for the users. Traditionally, the formulations of the DR problem consider unidirectional energy flow from the power grid (energy supplier) to the user in a residential building (energy consumer). In this paper, we argue for an extended model of a smart residential building with bidirectional energy trading. This model allows the user to sell the surplus energy, obtained from local renewable energy sources, so as to partially recover the electricity cost. We further study an efficient linear model for appliance scheduling, under the assumption of bidirectional energy trading. To balance the user comfort and electricity cost, we introduce a comfort demand function based on declining block rates (DBR) and discuss the microeconomic meaning of this function. We evaluate our method with several case studies and analyze how energy selling and comfort demand affect the total cost and the schedule. We also show that our scheduler is fast enough to allow for nearly realtime scheduling adjustments ahead of each period, to minimize the impact of forecast deviations.
{"title":"Cost-comfort balancing in a smart residential building with bidirectional energy trading","authors":"Abdullah Al Hasib, N. Nikitin, L. Natvig","doi":"10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101366","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing integration of new technologies for power generation into the smart grid systems calls for novel demand response (DR) algorithms, which schedule the appliances to minimize cost and maximize comfort for the users. Traditionally, the formulations of the DR problem consider unidirectional energy flow from the power grid (energy supplier) to the user in a residential building (energy consumer). In this paper, we argue for an extended model of a smart residential building with bidirectional energy trading. This model allows the user to sell the surplus energy, obtained from local renewable energy sources, so as to partially recover the electricity cost. We further study an efficient linear model for appliance scheduling, under the assumption of bidirectional energy trading. To balance the user comfort and electricity cost, we introduce a comfort demand function based on declining block rates (DBR) and discuss the microeconomic meaning of this function. We evaluate our method with several case studies and analyze how energy selling and comfort demand affect the total cost and the schedule. We also show that our scheduler is fast enough to allow for nearly realtime scheduling adjustments ahead of each period, to minimize the impact of forecast deviations.","PeriodicalId":229673,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130207641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-14DOI: 10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101381
A. Wolff, Gerd Kortuem, J. Cavero
Sustainability has been an important topic in UK schools for some time, most notably since the Sustainable School Strategy was proposed by the UK Department for Education (DFES) in 2006. However, as smart city technologies emerge and show real promise in contributing to a more sustainable future, it is becoming apparent that new skills for working with the big urban data sets that drive these innovations must be taught to upcoming generations to ensure that they can be active smart city citizens. Current practice within schools is to distribute teaching of different aspects of data skills across the curriculum. We ask the question how can data skills be taught using a more unified and practical approach, which facilitates application of skills in genuine, smart city contexts. We propose to use Urban Data Games to set a context for learning, and demonstrating, practical application of skills for handling large complex data sets. This paper focuses on an Appathon challenge, which will shortly be trialled in a Milton Keynes school, in which participants are tasked to design a novel App from real satellite data after first learning and applying data skills to data about home energy consumption.
{"title":"Towards smart city education","authors":"A. Wolff, Gerd Kortuem, J. Cavero","doi":"10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101381","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability has been an important topic in UK schools for some time, most notably since the Sustainable School Strategy was proposed by the UK Department for Education (DFES) in 2006. However, as smart city technologies emerge and show real promise in contributing to a more sustainable future, it is becoming apparent that new skills for working with the big urban data sets that drive these innovations must be taught to upcoming generations to ensure that they can be active smart city citizens. Current practice within schools is to distribute teaching of different aspects of data skills across the curriculum. We ask the question how can data skills be taught using a more unified and practical approach, which facilitates application of skills in genuine, smart city contexts. We propose to use Urban Data Games to set a context for learning, and demonstrating, practical application of skills for handling large complex data sets. This paper focuses on an Appathon challenge, which will shortly be trialled in a Milton Keynes school, in which participants are tasked to design a novel App from real satellite data after first learning and applying data skills to data about home energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":229673,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127865737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-14DOI: 10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101372
A. D. Paola, G. Re, M. Morana, M. Ortolani
Nowadays, the increasing global awareness of the importance of energy saving in everyday life acts as a stimulus to provide innovative ICT solutions for sustainability. In this scenario, the growing interest in smart homes has been driven both by socioeconomic and technological expectations. One of the key aspects of being smart is the efficiency of the urban apparatus, which includes, among others, energy, transportation and buildings. The present work describes SmartBuildings, a novel Ambient Intelligence system, which aims at reducing the energy consumption of "legacy" buildings by means of artificial intelligence techniques applied on heterogeneous sensor networks. A prototype has been realized addressing two different scenarios, i.e. the management of a campus and of a manufacturing facility. A complete description of the elements included in the case study is presented.
{"title":"SmartBuildings: an AmI system for energy efficiency","authors":"A. D. Paola, G. Re, M. Morana, M. Ortolani","doi":"10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101372","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the increasing global awareness of the importance of energy saving in everyday life acts as a stimulus to provide innovative ICT solutions for sustainability. In this scenario, the growing interest in smart homes has been driven both by socioeconomic and technological expectations. One of the key aspects of being smart is the efficiency of the urban apparatus, which includes, among others, energy, transportation and buildings. The present work describes SmartBuildings, a novel Ambient Intelligence system, which aims at reducing the energy consumption of \"legacy\" buildings by means of artificial intelligence techniques applied on heterogeneous sensor networks. A prototype has been realized addressing two different scenarios, i.e. the management of a campus and of a manufacturing facility. A complete description of the elements included in the case study is presented.","PeriodicalId":229673,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116511046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-14DOI: 10.1109/SUSTAINIT.2015.7101379
Filipe Quintal, Lucas Pereira, Clinton Jorge, N. Nunes
This paper presents EnerSpectrum a standard wall electricity socket redesigned to present how much of the electricity being consumed is sourced from a renewable energy source. We build on studies that report an increase in consumer energy awareness and literacy when presented with the source of their electricity. The prototype was evaluated by 10 users using interviews, which found the concept interesting and valuable. We conclude this paper with an outline of the future work necessary to evaluate the EnerSpectrum in real live conditions.
{"title":"EnerSpectrum: exposing the source of energy through plug-level eco-feedack","authors":"Filipe Quintal, Lucas Pereira, Clinton Jorge, N. Nunes","doi":"10.1109/SUSTAINIT.2015.7101379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SUSTAINIT.2015.7101379","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents EnerSpectrum a standard wall electricity socket redesigned to present how much of the electricity being consumed is sourced from a renewable energy source. We build on studies that report an increase in consumer energy awareness and literacy when presented with the source of their electricity. The prototype was evaluated by 10 users using interviews, which found the concept interesting and valuable. We conclude this paper with an outline of the future work necessary to evaluate the EnerSpectrum in real live conditions.","PeriodicalId":229673,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133951625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-14DOI: 10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101370
Debraj De, Sajal K. Das
The evolving applications of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT), such as smart cities, often need sustainable data collection networks. We envision the deployment of heterogeneous sensor networks that will allow dynamic self-reorganization of data collection topology, thus coping with unpredictable network dynamics and node addition/ deletion for changing application needs. However, the self-reorganization must also assure network energy efficiency and load balancing, without affecting ongoing data collection. Most of the existing literature either aim at minimizing the maximum load on a sensor node (hence maximizing network lifetime), or attempt to balance the overall load distribution on the nodes. In this work we propose to design a distributed protocol for self-organizing energy-efficient tree management, called SREE-Tree. Based on the dynamic choice of a design parameter, the in-network self-reorganization of data collection topology can achieve higher network lifetime, yet balancing the loads. In SREE-Tree, starting with an arbitrary tree the nodes periodically apply localized and distributed routines to collaboratively reduce load on the multiple bottleneck nodes (that are likely to deplete energy sooner due to a large amount of carried data flow or low energy availability). The problem of constructing and maintaining optimal data collection tree (Topt) topology that maximizes the network lifetime (L(Topt)) is an NP-Complete problem. We prove that a sensor network running the proposed SREE-Tree protocol is guaranteed to converge to a tree topology (T) with sub-optimal network lifetime. With the help of experiments using standard TinyOS based sensor network simulator TOSSIM, we have validated that SREE-Tree achieves better performance as compared to state-of-the-art solutions, for varying network sizes.
{"title":"SREE-Tree: self-reorganizing energy-efficient tree topology management in sensor networks","authors":"Debraj De, Sajal K. Das","doi":"10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101370","url":null,"abstract":"The evolving applications of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT), such as smart cities, often need sustainable data collection networks. We envision the deployment of heterogeneous sensor networks that will allow dynamic self-reorganization of data collection topology, thus coping with unpredictable network dynamics and node addition/ deletion for changing application needs. However, the self-reorganization must also assure network energy efficiency and load balancing, without affecting ongoing data collection. Most of the existing literature either aim at minimizing the maximum load on a sensor node (hence maximizing network lifetime), or attempt to balance the overall load distribution on the nodes. In this work we propose to design a distributed protocol for self-organizing energy-efficient tree management, called SREE-Tree. Based on the dynamic choice of a design parameter, the in-network self-reorganization of data collection topology can achieve higher network lifetime, yet balancing the loads. In SREE-Tree, starting with an arbitrary tree the nodes periodically apply localized and distributed routines to collaboratively reduce load on the multiple bottleneck nodes (that are likely to deplete energy sooner due to a large amount of carried data flow or low energy availability). The problem of constructing and maintaining optimal data collection tree (Topt) topology that maximizes the network lifetime (L(Topt)) is an NP-Complete problem. We prove that a sensor network running the proposed SREE-Tree protocol is guaranteed to converge to a tree topology (T) with sub-optimal network lifetime. With the help of experiments using standard TinyOS based sensor network simulator TOSSIM, we have validated that SREE-Tree achieves better performance as compared to state-of-the-art solutions, for varying network sizes.","PeriodicalId":229673,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122270491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-14DOI: 10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101376
J. Bourgeois
We are entering a key time period for home energy. While ubiquitous computing takes an increasing space in our daily life, emerging energy technologies including local generation and electric vehicle are leaving the stage of pioneer's users to become more common. This research highlights the potential of new energy behavior supported by digital tools in the context of domestic solar electricity generation.
{"title":"Interactive demand shifting: in the context of emerging energy technologies","authors":"J. Bourgeois","doi":"10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101376","url":null,"abstract":"We are entering a key time period for home energy. While ubiquitous computing takes an increasing space in our daily life, emerging energy technologies including local generation and electric vehicle are leaving the stage of pioneer's users to become more common. This research highlights the potential of new energy behavior supported by digital tools in the context of domestic solar electricity generation.","PeriodicalId":229673,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131876074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-14DOI: 10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101363
T. Cioara, I. Anghel, Marcel Antal, Sebastian Crisan, I. Salomie
In this paper we address the problem of Data Centers energy efficiency by proposing a methodology which aims at planning the Data Center operation such that the usage of locally produced renewable energy is maximized. We defined a flexibility mechanism and model for Data Center's components (electrical cooling system, IT workload, energy storage and diesel generators) leveraging on optimization actions such as load time shifting, alternative usage of non-electrical cooling devices such as the thermal storage or charging/discharging the electrical storage devices, etc. The flexibility mechanism enacts the possibility of shifting the Data Center's energy demand profile from time intervals with limited renewable energy production due to weather conditions, to time intervals when spikes of renewable energy production are predicted. We have developed a simulation environment which allows the methodology to be inlab tested and evaluated. Results are promising showing an increase of renewable energy usage of 12% due to energy consumption demand shift for following the renewable energy production levels.
{"title":"Data center optimization methodology to maximize the usage of locally produced renewable energy","authors":"T. Cioara, I. Anghel, Marcel Antal, Sebastian Crisan, I. Salomie","doi":"10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101363","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we address the problem of Data Centers energy efficiency by proposing a methodology which aims at planning the Data Center operation such that the usage of locally produced renewable energy is maximized. We defined a flexibility mechanism and model for Data Center's components (electrical cooling system, IT workload, energy storage and diesel generators) leveraging on optimization actions such as load time shifting, alternative usage of non-electrical cooling devices such as the thermal storage or charging/discharging the electrical storage devices, etc. The flexibility mechanism enacts the possibility of shifting the Data Center's energy demand profile from time intervals with limited renewable energy production due to weather conditions, to time intervals when spikes of renewable energy production are predicted. We have developed a simulation environment which allows the methodology to be inlab tested and evaluated. Results are promising showing an increase of renewable energy usage of 12% due to energy consumption demand shift for following the renewable energy production levels.","PeriodicalId":229673,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133124114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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