—In Southeast Asia, Indonesia is the highest gold producer, in which Singapore has become the main destination for Indonesian gold exports since 2014. The volume of Indonesian gold exports to Singapore increased eightfold compared to 2013. At the same period, Singapore, which is not a gold producer is one of the top 10 countries with the highest gold export value in the world, while Indonesia's position is left behind Singapore. This study aims to analyze the variables that affect the volume of Indonesian gold exports to Singapore in 2006-2017. The analytical method used in this research is Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL). The results showed that in the short term, there were significant effects of gold export volume a quarter prior, Indonesian gold production a year prior, Singapore’s investments a year prior, and exchange rate. In the long term, the exchange rate and gold production were significantly affected by the gold export volume. The policy recommendation is government support in stimulating the establishment of national gold refining and manufacturing industry to increase profits by exporting value-added products through infrastructure and high technology support. The government should encourage the refining and gold manufacturing industries by implementing the Good and Service Tax elimination.
{"title":"Determinants of Indonesian Gold Export to Singapore in 2006-2017","authors":"Regita Hikmatuz Zakia, S. I. Oktora","doi":"10.2991/icot-19.2019.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icot-19.2019.20","url":null,"abstract":"—In Southeast Asia, Indonesia is the highest gold producer, in which Singapore has become the main destination for Indonesian gold exports since 2014. The volume of Indonesian gold exports to Singapore increased eightfold compared to 2013. At the same period, Singapore, which is not a gold producer is one of the top 10 countries with the highest gold export value in the world, while Indonesia's position is left behind Singapore. This study aims to analyze the variables that affect the volume of Indonesian gold exports to Singapore in 2006-2017. The analytical method used in this research is Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL). The results showed that in the short term, there were significant effects of gold export volume a quarter prior, Indonesian gold production a year prior, Singapore’s investments a year prior, and exchange rate. In the long term, the exchange rate and gold production were significantly affected by the gold export volume. The policy recommendation is government support in stimulating the establishment of national gold refining and manufacturing industry to increase profits by exporting value-added products through infrastructure and high technology support. The government should encourage the refining and gold manufacturing industries by implementing the Good and Service Tax elimination.","PeriodicalId":229902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Trade 2019 (ICOT 2019)","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115487531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agriculture is an important sector for Indonesian economy with 21.8% contribution to non-oil and gas export, but it is observed that Indonesian agricultural products face challenges in complying with stringent non-tariff measures (NTMs) imposed by importing countries, mainly on SPS and TBT. This article tries to address some NTMs issues on Indonesian agricultural export products particularly the prevalence of NTMs using frequency ratio (FR), coverage ratio (CR) and regulatory distances (RD) analysis. This study utilizes data from World Intergrated Trade Solution (WITS). The study shows that Indonesia’s ability to get better market access to its major trading partners depend on its ability to comply with SPS and TBT measures, and this is reflected in their high prevalent index. However, the average coverage ratio on Indonesian agricultural exports is only 13%, implying that NTMs policy on agriculture products imposed by Indonesian FTA/CEPA trading partners impacted only 13% of Indonesian agriculture export products. The RD of agricultural products between Indonesia and some of its main FTA/CEPA partners is 0.011with Pakistan and Singapore, and 0.09 with the Philippines and Australia. The finding reveals that there is a “core” of countries with similar NTM patterns at the product level on animal and food regulations.,. Indonesia is encouraged to address NTMs issues with its FTA/CEPA trading partners, in particular on any stringent NTMs and procedural obstacles related to SPS and TBT implementation as they often burden exporters. Keywords— Frequency Index, Coverage ratio, Regulatory Distance, SPS, TBT
{"title":"Exploring Non-Tariff Measures Facing the Indonesian Agricultural Products in FTA/CEPA Trading Partners","authors":"Ernawati Munadi, A. Saputri","doi":"10.2991/icot-19.2019.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icot-19.2019.17","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is an important sector for Indonesian economy with 21.8% contribution to non-oil and gas export, but it is observed that Indonesian agricultural products face challenges in complying with stringent non-tariff measures (NTMs) imposed by importing countries, mainly on SPS and TBT. This article tries to address some NTMs issues on Indonesian agricultural export products particularly the prevalence of NTMs using frequency ratio (FR), coverage ratio (CR) and regulatory distances (RD) analysis. This study utilizes data from World Intergrated Trade Solution (WITS). The study shows that Indonesia’s ability to get better market access to its major trading partners depend on its ability to comply with SPS and TBT measures, and this is reflected in their high prevalent index. However, the average coverage ratio on Indonesian agricultural exports is only 13%, implying that NTMs policy on agriculture products imposed by Indonesian FTA/CEPA trading partners impacted only 13% of Indonesian agriculture export products. The RD of agricultural products between Indonesia and some of its main FTA/CEPA partners is 0.011with Pakistan and Singapore, and 0.09 with the Philippines and Australia. The finding reveals that there is a “core” of countries with similar NTM patterns at the product level on animal and food regulations.,. Indonesia is encouraged to address NTMs issues with its FTA/CEPA trading partners, in particular on any stringent NTMs and procedural obstacles related to SPS and TBT implementation as they often burden exporters. Keywords— Frequency Index, Coverage ratio, Regulatory Distance, SPS, TBT","PeriodicalId":229902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Trade 2019 (ICOT 2019)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126408773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Global Value Chain (GVC) has proved to be an important factor that encouraged trade in the last 30 years. Cooperation within the RCEP can facilitate Indonesian trade as an effort to increase value added within global value chain framework. Economic cooperation is proven as a way to boost GVC participation within its member in the region, including the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) due to regulation uniformity. The study used Descriptive Qualitative statisctics and Trade in Value Added (TiVA) data aims to identify Indonesias GVC participation within RCEP as well as its position in GVC participation. Specifically, this study uses the participation index, the index of the number of production stages and index of the distance of the final product. The study shows that Indonesias GVC participation is higher than neighboring countries such as Malaysia and Thailand however, compared to other East Asian countries Indonesia is still low. Most of Indonesias GVC participation is as a supplier of raw material. Within RCEP, Indonesias participation in GVC is still dominated by Low Technology Industries. To maximize Indonesia GVC participation within RCEP and boost trade, public-private cooperation and predictable trade, as well as investment climate reforms, is required. Keywords— RCEP, GVC, Trade in Value Added
{"title":"Indonesia Global Value Chain Participation in Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)","authors":"Steven Raja Ingot, Dian Dwi Laksani","doi":"10.2991/icot-19.2019.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icot-19.2019.34","url":null,"abstract":"The Global Value Chain (GVC) has proved to be an important factor that encouraged trade in the last 30 years. Cooperation within the RCEP can facilitate Indonesian trade as an effort to increase value added within global value chain framework. Economic cooperation is proven as a way to boost GVC participation within its member in the region, including the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) due to regulation uniformity. The study used Descriptive Qualitative statisctics and Trade in Value Added (TiVA) data aims to identify Indonesias GVC participation within RCEP as well as its position in GVC participation. Specifically, this study uses the participation index, the index of the number of production stages and index of the distance of the final product. The study shows that Indonesias GVC participation is higher than neighboring countries such as Malaysia and Thailand however, compared to other East Asian countries Indonesia is still low. Most of Indonesias GVC participation is as a supplier of raw material. Within RCEP, Indonesias participation in GVC is still dominated by Low Technology Industries. To maximize Indonesia GVC participation within RCEP and boost trade, public-private cooperation and predictable trade, as well as investment climate reforms, is required. Keywords— RCEP, GVC, Trade in Value Added","PeriodicalId":229902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Trade 2019 (ICOT 2019)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128148506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steven Raja Ingot, D. V. Panjaitan, A. Mardiansyah, L. M. Christoffel
The discussion of agricultural Export Restriction (ER) at the World Trade Organization (WTO), which is a mechanism to temporarily stop the export of agricultural product that aims to prevent food shortages in exporting countries has been intensively negotiated. However, as a net importer of agricultural products and the member of G33 countries, Indonesia should address the ER policy because it may have potential to increase prices and threaten food security in domestic market and G33 member countries. This study uses a descriptive qualitative statistical analysis to determine Import Dependency Ratio (IDR) and SelfSufficiency Ratio (SSR) for five main imported agricultural products by G33 countries such as rice, corn, soybean, wheat, and horticulture. The Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Analysis using GTAP ver.9 is also used to analyze the potential impact of agricultural product export restrictions for five analyzed products on macroeconomic and sectoral indicators. Based on IDR and SSR it can be concluded that almost all G33 countries heavily rely on wheat imports, as many as 36 countries depend on imported wheat with IDR values varying between 70% 215%. On the other hand, several G-33 countries have a fairly good level of fulfillment of consumption from domestic production (SSR) or more than 80%. Moreover, based on the GTAP calculation on the Indonesia case, export restrictions will have a negative macroeconomic impact on Indonesia. However, in sectoral perspective Indonesian farmers/producers can take advantage of the impact of the export restriction policy as an opportunity to increase their production. Keywords—export restriction, CGE, self sufficiency, import dependency
{"title":"WTO Export Restriction of Agricultural Commodities and Its Impacts for G-33 Members","authors":"Steven Raja Ingot, D. V. Panjaitan, A. Mardiansyah, L. M. Christoffel","doi":"10.2991/icot-19.2019.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icot-19.2019.35","url":null,"abstract":"The discussion of agricultural Export Restriction (ER) at the World Trade Organization (WTO), which is a mechanism to temporarily stop the export of agricultural product that aims to prevent food shortages in exporting countries has been intensively negotiated. However, as a net importer of agricultural products and the member of G33 countries, Indonesia should address the ER policy because it may have potential to increase prices and threaten food security in domestic market and G33 member countries. This study uses a descriptive qualitative statistical analysis to determine Import Dependency Ratio (IDR) and SelfSufficiency Ratio (SSR) for five main imported agricultural products by G33 countries such as rice, corn, soybean, wheat, and horticulture. The Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Analysis using GTAP ver.9 is also used to analyze the potential impact of agricultural product export restrictions for five analyzed products on macroeconomic and sectoral indicators. Based on IDR and SSR it can be concluded that almost all G33 countries heavily rely on wheat imports, as many as 36 countries depend on imported wheat with IDR values varying between 70% 215%. On the other hand, several G-33 countries have a fairly good level of fulfillment of consumption from domestic production (SSR) or more than 80%. Moreover, based on the GTAP calculation on the Indonesia case, export restrictions will have a negative macroeconomic impact on Indonesia. However, in sectoral perspective Indonesian farmers/producers can take advantage of the impact of the export restriction policy as an opportunity to increase their production. Keywords—export restriction, CGE, self sufficiency, import dependency","PeriodicalId":229902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Trade 2019 (ICOT 2019)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134545875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nyayu Lathifah Tirdasari, D. Indrawan, Idqan Fahmi
Family business as the most business practice in the agricultural sector faces a challenge from global business via the Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The purpose of this paper is to provide business strategies that support the competitiveness of the family business in the global value chain. We reviewed related literature on family business and agriculture to describe the challenge and propose strategies that can bridge agricultural family business to become competitive. The study highlighted two challenges, namely labor usage, and capital usage. The amount of labor usage in Indonesia's family business was higher than the global business. However, the competitiveness by labor usage was determined by knowledge transfer and farmers' cooperation. Thus, the total value of capital usage in Indonesia's family business was lower than the global business. The capital usage was driven the competitiveness by social capital reinforcement, capital allocation, and capital availability. In this case, The Indonesian family business was found not able to take advantage of capital usage. The study proposed a strategy for the family business was to overcome the threat of labor usage by using its capital usage strength. These findings highlighted the importance of strengthening family business in agriculture sector based on each strength to overcome global trade challenge and take the opportunity from it. This paper may avail governments in drawing up policies for assisting the family business in the agriculture area to get global. It also contributes to the limited source of references literature regarding family business in agriculture in Indonesia. Keywords— family business, agriculture, business strategy, global trade, global value chain
{"title":"Family Business in Agriculture: Challenge and Strategy to Face Global Business","authors":"Nyayu Lathifah Tirdasari, D. Indrawan, Idqan Fahmi","doi":"10.2991/icot-19.2019.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icot-19.2019.33","url":null,"abstract":"Family business as the most business practice in the agricultural sector faces a challenge from global business via the Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The purpose of this paper is to provide business strategies that support the competitiveness of the family business in the global value chain. We reviewed related literature on family business and agriculture to describe the challenge and propose strategies that can bridge agricultural family business to become competitive. The study highlighted two challenges, namely labor usage, and capital usage. The amount of labor usage in Indonesia's family business was higher than the global business. However, the competitiveness by labor usage was determined by knowledge transfer and farmers' cooperation. Thus, the total value of capital usage in Indonesia's family business was lower than the global business. The capital usage was driven the competitiveness by social capital reinforcement, capital allocation, and capital availability. In this case, The Indonesian family business was found not able to take advantage of capital usage. The study proposed a strategy for the family business was to overcome the threat of labor usage by using its capital usage strength. These findings highlighted the importance of strengthening family business in agriculture sector based on each strength to overcome global trade challenge and take the opportunity from it. This paper may avail governments in drawing up policies for assisting the family business in the agriculture area to get global. It also contributes to the limited source of references literature regarding family business in agriculture in Indonesia. Keywords— family business, agriculture, business strategy, global trade, global value chain","PeriodicalId":229902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Trade 2019 (ICOT 2019)","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115732209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
— The purpose of this study was to analyze Indonesian readiness for digital economy, case on trade flow in the ASEAN region. This study employed a quantitative approach with Gravity Model. The secondary data in the form of panel data period year 2004-2016 (annual) and includes ASEAN-10 countries. The variable digital economy readiness was a main explanatory variable interest and represented by readiness index. The all data sourced come from Comtrade, IMF, World Bank, World Economic Forum, and Indonesian Ministry of Trade. The analytical method used Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) and it was resolved with software of Stata 13. The results confirmed that Indonesian readiness for digital economy would affect positively trade flow of tangible and intangible product in the ASEAN market. In detail, fixed broadband internet tariffs and quality of educational system significantly influenced ICT trade flow in ASEAN market. While individual readiness became crucial factor effect trade in service in ASEAN market. Therefore, in order to prepare Indonesian for digital ecosystem, issue of accessibility and digital literacy by individual must be considered by the government. There are prerequisites that must be prepared when grabbing benefits of the momentum of the digitalization era.
-本研究的目的是分析印尼对数字经济的准备情况，以东盟地区的贸易流动为例。本研究采用重力模型的定量方法。二级数据采用面板数据形式，期间为2004-2016年(年度)，包括东盟10国。可变的数字经济准备度是一个主要的解释变量，用准备度指数表示。所有数据来源于Comtrade、IMF、世界银行、世界经济论坛和印尼贸易部。分析方法采用泊松伪极大似然(Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood, PPML)，并用Stata 13软件进行解析。研究结果证实，印尼对数字经济的准备将对东盟市场有形和无形产品的贸易流动产生积极影响。具体而言，固定宽带互联网资费和教育系统质量显著影响东盟市场的ICT贸易流量。而个人的准备程度成为影响东盟市场服务贸易的关键因素。因此，为了让印尼为数位生态系统做好准备，政府必须考虑个人的无障碍和数位素养问题。抓住数字化时代的势头，必须准备好先决条件。
{"title":"Indonesian Readiness for Digital Economy: Case on Trade Flows in ASEAN Region","authors":"Iwan Hermawan","doi":"10.2991/icot-19.2019.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icot-19.2019.44","url":null,"abstract":"— The purpose of this study was to analyze Indonesian readiness for digital economy, case on trade flow in the ASEAN region. This study employed a quantitative approach with Gravity Model. The secondary data in the form of panel data period year 2004-2016 (annual) and includes ASEAN-10 countries. The variable digital economy readiness was a main explanatory variable interest and represented by readiness index. The all data sourced come from Comtrade, IMF, World Bank, World Economic Forum, and Indonesian Ministry of Trade. The analytical method used Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) and it was resolved with software of Stata 13. The results confirmed that Indonesian readiness for digital economy would affect positively trade flow of tangible and intangible product in the ASEAN market. In detail, fixed broadband internet tariffs and quality of educational system significantly influenced ICT trade flow in ASEAN market. While individual readiness became crucial factor effect trade in service in ASEAN market. Therefore, in order to prepare Indonesian for digital ecosystem, issue of accessibility and digital literacy by individual must be considered by the government. There are prerequisites that must be prepared when grabbing benefits of the momentum of the digitalization era.","PeriodicalId":229902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Trade 2019 (ICOT 2019)","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123664639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Rahmiati, Y. Ismail, G. Amin, T. Simatupang, D. Larso, N. Othman
Tourism characterized as an industry with a strong competition. Therefore, it is crucial to create a competitive advantage in order to stay in the market. In the case of the tourism industry, creating competitive advantage could be done by providing an extraordinary experience which is the ultimate goal for travel leading to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. This paper aims at exploring and developing a model of tourism value chain activities experience by tourist for competitive advantage creation. Tourism value chain activities model consists of three stages whereby each stage has its own type of measurement. The first stage covers the pre-trip experience, in this stage, the detailed information prior to departure will be discussed. Next stage is the trip experience, which are the tourism activities involved during the visit and experienced during the trip. Lastly the post-trip experience, whereby on this stage the output of the tourism value chain activities will be measured. The proposed measurement for this stage will be an evaluation of tourist satisfaction and tourist loyalty in order to create a competitive advantage. Future studies are expected in implementing these tourism value chain activities in specific tourism destinations (country) to measure the tourism experience. Keywords—tourism, competitive advantage, travel experience, tourism value chain activities
{"title":"Tourism Value Chain Activities Model for Competitive Advantage Measurement","authors":"F. Rahmiati, Y. Ismail, G. Amin, T. Simatupang, D. Larso, N. Othman","doi":"10.2991/icot-19.2019.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icot-19.2019.10","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism characterized as an industry with a strong competition. Therefore, it is crucial to create a competitive advantage in order to stay in the market. In the case of the tourism industry, creating competitive advantage could be done by providing an extraordinary experience which is the ultimate goal for travel leading to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. This paper aims at exploring and developing a model of tourism value chain activities experience by tourist for competitive advantage creation. Tourism value chain activities model consists of three stages whereby each stage has its own type of measurement. The first stage covers the pre-trip experience, in this stage, the detailed information prior to departure will be discussed. Next stage is the trip experience, which are the tourism activities involved during the visit and experienced during the trip. Lastly the post-trip experience, whereby on this stage the output of the tourism value chain activities will be measured. The proposed measurement for this stage will be an evaluation of tourist satisfaction and tourist loyalty in order to create a competitive advantage. Future studies are expected in implementing these tourism value chain activities in specific tourism destinations (country) to measure the tourism experience. Keywords—tourism, competitive advantage, travel experience, tourism value chain activities","PeriodicalId":229902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Trade 2019 (ICOT 2019)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127448679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Rahmawati, Choirin Nisaa, Rizka Isditami Syarif, Herindra Adhi Nusantara
—This study aims to identify the impact of import duty exemption on aircraft spare parts on the competitiveness and service export of the Aircraft Maintenance, Reparation, and Overhaul (MRO) industry including factors affected MRO competitiveness. In addition, this study aims to identify the problems encountered during the implementation of the policy, the types of aircraft parts to be exempted and the criteria for products to be eligible for exemption from import duties. The method of this study used qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis, Porter’s five-force model and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results of the study showed that the import duty exemption policy increased MRO services from 30 percent to 49 percent during 2013-2017. Constraints in implementation are procedures and differences in customs areas where the longest is for bonded zones. Special customs policies for MROs as well as the exemption of import duties for goods related to MROs which 90 percent originating from imports will greatly encourage competitiveness which relies heavily on aircraft down time. The types of goods that need to be exempted from import duties are consumable and repairable groups in both new and non-new capital goods categories.
{"title":"The Impact of Aircraft Spare Parts Import Duty Exemption on the MRO Industry's Competitiveness and Its Services Export","authors":"F. Rahmawati, Choirin Nisaa, Rizka Isditami Syarif, Herindra Adhi Nusantara","doi":"10.2991/icot-19.2019.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icot-19.2019.42","url":null,"abstract":"—This study aims to identify the impact of import duty exemption on aircraft spare parts on the competitiveness and service export of the Aircraft Maintenance, Reparation, and Overhaul (MRO) industry including factors affected MRO competitiveness. In addition, this study aims to identify the problems encountered during the implementation of the policy, the types of aircraft parts to be exempted and the criteria for products to be eligible for exemption from import duties. The method of this study used qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis, Porter’s five-force model and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results of the study showed that the import duty exemption policy increased MRO services from 30 percent to 49 percent during 2013-2017. Constraints in implementation are procedures and differences in customs areas where the longest is for bonded zones. Special customs policies for MROs as well as the exemption of import duties for goods related to MROs which 90 percent originating from imports will greatly encourage competitiveness which relies heavily on aircraft down time. The types of goods that need to be exempted from import duties are consumable and repairable groups in both new and non-new capital goods categories.","PeriodicalId":229902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Trade 2019 (ICOT 2019)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115367085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of information technology (IT) has disrupted the world business. E-commerce significantly increases effectiveness and efficiency in trade. This research analyzed organizational support, technology competence, and external environment as factors affecting e-commerce adoption by the Small Medium Enterprises. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the impact of factors that influence e-commerce adoption on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in the Jabodetabek region. Quantitative approach with multiple regression analysis was applied as a tool to determine the impact of internal and external factors regarding e-commerce adoption to the SMEs performance. The results showed that the variables of organizational support, technology competence, and external environment, simultaneously affect the performance improvement on eCommerce adoption by SMEs in Jabodetabek region. Keywords—organizational support, technology competence, external environment, e-commerce, performance improvement, SMEs
{"title":"Factors Affecting E-Commerce Adoption and Their Impact on SMEs' Performance: A Case Study of Jabodetabek Region","authors":"R. Hidayati, R. Permatasari, Ashry Noviana Fairy","doi":"10.2991/icot-19.2019.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icot-19.2019.5","url":null,"abstract":"The development of information technology (IT) has disrupted the world business. E-commerce significantly increases effectiveness and efficiency in trade. This research analyzed organizational support, technology competence, and external environment as factors affecting e-commerce adoption by the Small Medium Enterprises. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the impact of factors that influence e-commerce adoption on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in the Jabodetabek region. Quantitative approach with multiple regression analysis was applied as a tool to determine the impact of internal and external factors regarding e-commerce adoption to the SMEs performance. The results showed that the variables of organizational support, technology competence, and external environment, simultaneously affect the performance improvement on eCommerce adoption by SMEs in Jabodetabek region. Keywords—organizational support, technology competence, external environment, e-commerce, performance improvement, SMEs","PeriodicalId":229902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Trade 2019 (ICOT 2019)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123577682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
— The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between performance improvement through employee empowerment which is influenced by leadership and organizational culture factors in PT PLN Unit Induk Pengembangan Jawa Bagian Barat (UIP JBB). This study used the questionnaire method with respondents as many as 47 employees. The collected data was analyzed using path analysis, with the aim of knowing the relationship between variables. From the results of this study it was found that Leadership does not have a direct or indirect effect, through Employee Empowerment variables, significantly on Employee Performance. Organizational Culture has a significant direct influence on Employee Performance by 0.33, and Organizational Culture has a significant indirect effect on Employee Performance through Employee Empowerment of 0.65. Employee Empowerment can be significantly influenced directly by the 0rganizational Culture variable of 0.64. Employee performance can be directly influenced by Employee Empowerment variables of 0.49.
-本研究的目的是找出PT PLN Unit Induk Pengembangan Jawa Bagian Barat (UIP JBB)受领导和组织文化因素影响的员工授权绩效改善之间的关系。本研究采用问卷调查法，调查对象多达47名员工。对收集到的数据进行路径分析，目的是了解变量之间的关系。从本研究的结果发现，通过员工授权变量，领导对员工绩效没有直接或间接的影响。组织文化对员工绩效的直接影响显著(0.33)，组织文化通过员工授权对员工绩效的间接影响显著(0.65)。组织文化变量0.64直接显著影响员工授权。员工授权变量对员工绩效的直接影响为0.49。
{"title":"Employee Empowerment at PT PLN UIP JBB","authors":"Djoko Pitoyo","doi":"10.2991/icot-19.2019.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icot-19.2019.24","url":null,"abstract":"— The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between performance improvement through employee empowerment which is influenced by leadership and organizational culture factors in PT PLN Unit Induk Pengembangan Jawa Bagian Barat (UIP JBB). This study used the questionnaire method with respondents as many as 47 employees. The collected data was analyzed using path analysis, with the aim of knowing the relationship between variables. From the results of this study it was found that Leadership does not have a direct or indirect effect, through Employee Empowerment variables, significantly on Employee Performance. Organizational Culture has a significant direct influence on Employee Performance by 0.33, and Organizational Culture has a significant indirect effect on Employee Performance through Employee Empowerment of 0.65. Employee Empowerment can be significantly influenced directly by the 0rganizational Culture variable of 0.64. Employee performance can be directly influenced by Employee Empowerment variables of 0.49.","PeriodicalId":229902,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Trade 2019 (ICOT 2019)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130429254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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