Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04790
Fuhuang Lai, Kang Xia, Wei Lin, Fanghua Jian, Hua Yang
Drug resistance analysis of Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for generating significant mortality and morbidity in numerous diseases. However, sensitive and accurate analysis of drug resistance of S. aureus remains a huge challenge. In this study, we present the development of a fluorescence biosensor based on the CRISPR/Cas12a system that enables label-free and ultrasensitive detection of the mecA gene in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The biosensor identified the mecA gene in MRSA using Cas12a/crRNA. This recognition triggered the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a and the release of RNA1, which subsequently induced Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) enzyme-assisted target recycling and G-quadruplexes/Thioflavin T-based signal reaction. Based on this, the biosensor effectively detects the mecA gene with a low limit of detection of 212 aM and a high degree of selectivity, even toward single base mutations. Compared with the traditional CRISPR-Cas12a system-based methods, in which the signal amplification process is prone to generate nucleic acid sequence mismatch, which causes errors, the biosensor used APE1 to improve nucleic acid sequence recognition specificity to ensure that the RNA1 sequence released after Cas12a/crRNA cleavage can specifically guide the signal cycle. In addition to enhancing the CRISPR toolkit, the developed biosensor offers a novel method for the precise and sensitive identification of drug-resistant microbes that cause infections.
{"title":"CRISPR/Cas12a-Based APE1 Enzyme Cleavage Assay for Drug Resistance Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus-Related Pneumonia","authors":"Fuhuang Lai, Kang Xia, Wei Lin, Fanghua Jian, Hua Yang","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c04790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c04790","url":null,"abstract":"Drug resistance analysis of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is responsible for generating significant mortality and morbidity in numerous diseases. However, sensitive and accurate analysis of drug resistance of <i>S. aureus</i> remains a huge challenge. In this study, we present the development of a fluorescence biosensor based on the CRISPR/Cas12a system that enables label-free and ultrasensitive detection of the <i>mecA</i> gene in methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA). The biosensor identified the <i>mecA</i> gene in MRSA using Cas12a/crRNA. This recognition triggered the <i>trans</i>-cleavage activity of Cas12a and the release of RNA1, which subsequently induced Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) enzyme-assisted target recycling and G-quadruplexes/Thioflavin T-based signal reaction. Based on this, the biosensor effectively detects the <i>mecA</i> gene with a low limit of detection of 212 aM and a high degree of selectivity, even toward single base mutations. Compared with the traditional CRISPR-Cas12a system-based methods, in which the signal amplification process is prone to generate nucleic acid sequence mismatch, which causes errors, the biosensor used APE1 to improve nucleic acid sequence recognition specificity to ensure that the RNA1 sequence released after Cas12a/crRNA cleavage can specifically guide the signal cycle. In addition to enhancing the CRISPR toolkit, the developed biosensor offers a novel method for the precise and sensitive identification of drug-resistant microbes that cause infections.","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02524
Jong Sung Pak, Pum Hui Jang, Kwang Myong Pak, Won-Chol Yang
Platinum nanoparticles are widely used in electrocatalysis and sensors. In this work, a novel modified carbon paste electrode based on PANI-TiO2/Pt nanocomposites was developed electrochemically. To improve the performance of the PANI-TiO2/Pt composite-modified electrode, a Taguchi orthogonal array was used for experimental design, and the best values of factors affecting the performance were determined using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and Taguchi optimization methods. The electrochemical catalytic activities of the PANI-TiO2/Pt composite-modified electrode on the oxidation of nitrite was calculated by electrochemical analysis. The experimental results demonstrate that the PANI-TiO2/Pt electrode has pretty excellent electrocatalytic ability for the oxidation of nitrite. The sensing performances of the proposed electrode were evaluated, including linear detection range, sensitivity, LOD, selectivity, and stability for nitrite sensing.
{"title":"Electrochemical Detection of Nitrite on PANI-TiO2/Pt Nanocomposite–Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes Using TOPSIS and Taguchi Methods","authors":"Jong Sung Pak, Pum Hui Jang, Kwang Myong Pak, Won-Chol Yang","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c02524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c02524","url":null,"abstract":"Platinum nanoparticles are widely used in electrocatalysis and sensors. In this work, a novel modified carbon paste electrode based on PANI-TiO<sub>2</sub>/Pt nanocomposites was developed electrochemically. To improve the performance of the PANI-TiO<sub>2</sub>/Pt composite-modified electrode, a Taguchi orthogonal array was used for experimental design, and the best values of factors affecting the performance were determined using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and Taguchi optimization methods. The electrochemical catalytic activities of the PANI-TiO<sub>2</sub>/Pt composite-modified electrode on the oxidation of nitrite was calculated by electrochemical analysis. The experimental results demonstrate that the PANI-TiO<sub>2</sub>/Pt electrode has pretty excellent electrocatalytic ability for the oxidation of nitrite. The sensing performances of the proposed electrode were evaluated, including linear detection range, sensitivity, LOD, selectivity, and stability for nitrite sensing.","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04789
Renáta Novotná, Jana Franková
Osteochondral defects affect articular cartilage, calcified cartilage, and subchondral bone. The main problem that they cause is a different behavior of cell tissue in the osteochondral and bone part. Articular cartilage is composed mainly of collagen II, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and water, and has a low healing ability due to a lack of vascularization. However, bone tissue is composed of collagen I, proteoglycans, and inorganic composites such as hydroxyapatite. Due to the discrepancy between the characters of these two parts, it is difficult to find materials that will meet all the structural and other requirements for effective regeneration. When designing a scaffold for an osteochondral defect, a variety of materials are available, e.g., polymers (synthetic and natural), inorganic particles, and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. All of them require the accurate characterization of the prepared materials and a number of in vitro and in vivo tests before they are applied to patients. Taken in concert, the final material needs to mimic the structural, morphological, chemical, and cellular demands of the native tissue. In this review, we present an overview of the structure and composition of the osteochondral part, especially synthetic materials with additives appropriate for healing osteochondral defects. Finally, we summarize in vitro and in vivo methods suitable for evaluating materials for restoring osteochondral defects.
{"title":"Materials Suitable for Osteochondral Regeneration","authors":"Renáta Novotná, Jana Franková","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c04789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c04789","url":null,"abstract":"Osteochondral defects affect articular cartilage, calcified cartilage, and subchondral bone. The main problem that they cause is a different behavior of cell tissue in the osteochondral and bone part. Articular cartilage is composed mainly of collagen II, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and water, and has a low healing ability due to a lack of vascularization. However, bone tissue is composed of collagen I, proteoglycans, and inorganic composites such as hydroxyapatite. Due to the discrepancy between the characters of these two parts, it is difficult to find materials that will meet all the structural and other requirements for effective regeneration. When designing a scaffold for an osteochondral defect, a variety of materials are available, e.g., polymers (synthetic and natural), inorganic particles, and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. All of them require the accurate characterization of the prepared materials and a number of in vitro and in vivo tests before they are applied to patients. Taken in concert, the final material needs to mimic the structural, morphological, chemical, and cellular demands of the native tissue. In this review, we present an overview of the structure and composition of the osteochondral part, especially synthetic materials with additives appropriate for healing osteochondral defects. Finally, we summarize <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> methods suitable for evaluating materials for restoring osteochondral defects.","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07536
Udaya Kumar A. H, Mahesha, Pampa K. J, Nanishankar V. Harohally, Chethan Krishnamurthy, Keshavayya Jathi, Akil Ahmad, Mohammed B. Alshammari, Neratur Krishnappagowda Lokanath
The structural studies of the fluorinated Schiff base ligand and its copper complex were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, UV-visible, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis unveils a dinuclear copper complex arising from double bridging acetate anions to copper ions that are chelated by the tridentate Schiff base ligand Cu(LS). The trigonality index τ5 of 0.080 indicates a distorted square pyramidal coordination geometry for the metal. The SL ligand and complex exhibit intra- and intermolecular interactions, leading to unique supramolecular architectures. The structural changes between the free halogenated Schiff base ligand and upon coordination with the metal were extensively studied by experimental and theoretical approaches. The intra- and intermolecular interactions have been analyzed by Hirshfeld surface and quantum theory of atoms in molecules analysis, and the enrichment ratio highlights the most favored interactions in the formation of molecular packing. The chemical and physical properties, such as the HOMO – LUMO energy gap, chemical reactivity, and electron density topology, are studied using density functional theory studies. In addition, the Schiff base ligand compound is used to study the latent fingerprint analysis.
通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱和光致发光光谱对氟化席夫碱配体及其铜配合物进行了合成和表征。单晶 X 射线衍射分析揭示了一种双核铜络合物，它是由三叉席夫碱配体 Cu(LS) 与铜离子螯合而成的双桥醋酸阴离子。三方性指数 τ5 为 0.080，表明金属的配位几何为扭曲的正方金字塔形。SL 配体和配合物表现出分子内和分子间的相互作用，从而形成了独特的超分子结构。实验和理论方法广泛研究了游离卤化希夫碱配体与金属配位后的结构变化。利用 Hirshfeld 表面和分子中原子的量子理论分析了分子内和分子间的相互作用，并通过富集比突出了在分子堆积形成过程中最有利的相互作用。利用密度泛函理论研究了 HOMO - LUMO 能隙、化学反应活性和电子密度拓扑等化学和物理特性。此外，还利用希夫碱配体化合物研究了潜指纹分析。
{"title":"Structural Investigation of Schiff Base Ligand and Dinuclear Copper Complex: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Computational, and Latent Fingerprint Analysis","authors":"Udaya Kumar A. H, Mahesha, Pampa K. J, Nanishankar V. Harohally, Chethan Krishnamurthy, Keshavayya Jathi, Akil Ahmad, Mohammed B. Alshammari, Neratur Krishnappagowda Lokanath","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.3c07536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c07536","url":null,"abstract":"The structural studies of the fluorinated Schiff base ligand and its copper complex were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, UV-visible, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis unveils a dinuclear copper complex arising from double bridging acetate anions to copper ions that are chelated by the tridentate Schiff base ligand Cu(LS). The trigonality index τ<sub>5</sub> of 0.080 indicates a distorted square pyramidal coordination geometry for the metal. The SL ligand and complex exhibit intra- and intermolecular interactions, leading to unique supramolecular architectures. The structural changes between the free halogenated Schiff base ligand and upon coordination with the metal were extensively studied by experimental and theoretical approaches. The intra- and intermolecular interactions have been analyzed by Hirshfeld surface and quantum theory of atoms in molecules analysis, and the enrichment ratio highlights the most favored interactions in the formation of molecular packing. The chemical and physical properties, such as the HOMO – LUMO energy gap, chemical reactivity, and electron density topology, are studied using density functional theory studies. In addition, the Schiff base ligand compound is used to study the latent fingerprint analysis.","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inspired by biomineralization, the recent incorporation of organic molecules into inorganic lattices shows interesting optical properties and tunability. We functionalize all inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) with amino acid (AA) cysteine using the water-hexane interfacial approach. Along with the AA cysteine, we added AuBr3 salt into the aqueous phase, leading to the formation of a Au-cysteine thiolate complex to activate the aqueous to nonaqueous phase transportation of the AA via a molecular shuttle, oleylamine. The interaction between CsPbBr3 PNCs and the Au-cysteine thiolate complex is probed using optical spectroscopy, which reveals dimensional reduction of the parent PNCs to form CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets (NPls) and subsequent phase transformation to CsPb2Br5 NPls. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy conclusively support the above chemical transformation reaction via interfacial chemistry. We propose a mechanistic insight into the dimensional growth in one direction in the presence of AAs via preferential ligand binding to specific facets, leading to transformation from 3D cubes to 2D NPls, while, presumably, the phase transformation occurs via the CsBr stripping mechanism upon prolonged interaction with water. Since AAs are building blocks for several redox-active complex biological moieties, including proteins, investigation of the interaction of AAs with PNCs may be advantageous since the latter can act as a fluorescent probe for bioimaging application.
{"title":"Amino Acid-Driven Dimensional Reduction of CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals","authors":"Nikunj Agarwal, Deepshikha Agarwal, Tushar Debnath","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c04364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c04364","url":null,"abstract":"Inspired by biomineralization, the recent incorporation of organic molecules into inorganic lattices shows interesting optical properties and tunability. We functionalize all inorganic CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) with amino acid (AA) cysteine using the water-hexane interfacial approach. Along with the AA cysteine, we added AuBr<sub>3</sub> salt into the aqueous phase, leading to the formation of a Au-cysteine thiolate complex to activate the aqueous to nonaqueous phase transportation of the AA via a molecular shuttle, oleylamine. The interaction between CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> PNCs and the Au-cysteine thiolate complex is probed using optical spectroscopy, which reveals dimensional reduction of the parent PNCs to form CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> nanoplatelets (NPls) and subsequent phase transformation to CsPb<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>5</sub> NPls. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy conclusively support the above chemical transformation reaction via interfacial chemistry. We propose a mechanistic insight into the dimensional growth in one direction in the presence of AAs via preferential ligand binding to specific facets, leading to transformation from 3D cubes to 2D NPls, while, presumably, the phase transformation occurs via the CsBr stripping mechanism upon prolonged interaction with water. Since AAs are building blocks for several redox-active complex biological moieties, including proteins, investigation of the interaction of AAs with PNCs may be advantageous since the latter can act as a fluorescent probe for bioimaging application.","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04773
Daniel B. Roquini, Bruna L. Lemes, Amanda L. B. Kreutz, Sophia C. Spoladore, Monique C. Amaro, Flavia B. Lopes, João Paulo S. Fernandes, Josué de Moraes
Infections caused by parasitic helminths pose significant health concerns for both humans and animals. The limited efficacy of existing drugs underscores the urgent need for novel anthelmintic agents. Given the reported potential of antihistamines against various parasites, including worms, this study conducted a screening of clinically available antihistamines against Angiostrongylus cantonensis─a nematode with widespread implications for vertebrate hosts, including humans. Twenty-one anti-H1 antihistamines were screened against first-stage larvae (L1) of A. cantonensis obtained from the feces of infected rats. Standard anthelmintic drugs ivermectin and albendazole were employed for comparative analysis. The findings revealed four active compounds (promethazine, cinnarizine, desloratadine, and rupatadine), with promethazine demonstrating the highest potency (EC50 = 31.6 μM). Additionally, morphological analysis showed that antihistamines induced significant changes in larvae. To understand the mechanism of action, antimuscarinic activities were reported based on average pKi values for human muscarinic receptor (mAChR) subtypes of the evaluated compounds. Furthermore, an analysis of the physicochemical and pharmacodynamic properties of antihistamines revealed that their anthelmintic activity does not correlate with their activity at H1 receptors. This study marks the first documentation of antihistamines’ activity against A. cantonensis, offering a valuable contribution to the quest for novel agents effective against zoonotic helminths.
{"title":"Antihistamines H1 as Potential Anthelmintic Agents against the Zoonotic Parasite Angiostrongylus cantonensis","authors":"Daniel B. Roquini, Bruna L. Lemes, Amanda L. B. Kreutz, Sophia C. Spoladore, Monique C. Amaro, Flavia B. Lopes, João Paulo S. Fernandes, Josué de Moraes","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c04773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c04773","url":null,"abstract":"Infections caused by parasitic helminths pose significant health concerns for both humans and animals. The limited efficacy of existing drugs underscores the urgent need for novel anthelmintic agents. Given the reported potential of antihistamines against various parasites, including worms, this study conducted a screening of clinically available antihistamines against <i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</i>─a nematode with widespread implications for vertebrate hosts, including humans. Twenty-one <i>anti</i>-H<sub>1</sub> antihistamines were screened against first-stage larvae (L<sub>1</sub>) of <i>A. cantonensis</i> obtained from the feces of infected rats. Standard anthelmintic drugs ivermectin and albendazole were employed for comparative analysis. The findings revealed four active compounds (promethazine, cinnarizine, desloratadine, and rupatadine), with promethazine demonstrating the highest potency (EC<sub>50</sub> = 31.6 μM). Additionally, morphological analysis showed that antihistamines induced significant changes in larvae. To understand the mechanism of action, antimuscarinic activities were reported based on average p<i>K</i><sub>i</sub> values for human muscarinic receptor (mAChR) subtypes of the evaluated compounds. Furthermore, an analysis of the physicochemical and pharmacodynamic properties of antihistamines revealed that their anthelmintic activity does not correlate with their activity at H1 receptors. This study marks the first documentation of antihistamines’ activity against <i>A. cantonensis</i>, offering a valuable contribution to the quest for novel agents effective against zoonotic helminths.","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02061
Israr Hussain, Muhammad Asif Shehzad, Gulzar Akhtar, Khawaja Shafique Ahmad, Khuram Mubeen, Waseem Hassan, Hafiz Nazar Faried, Shabbir Ahmad, Mudassir Aziz, Sanaullah Yasin, Ghanim A. Al-Abbadi, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, Hosam O. Elansary, Fazal Ullah
Drought is an inevitable environmental stress that drastically hampers the growth, productivity, and quality of food crops. Exogenous sodium nitroprusside and spermidine have decisive functions in the growth enhancement of plants; nevertheless, their specific role in mediating stress responses to improve drought tolerance in sunflowers at the reproductive stage (terminal drought) remains largely unknown. In the present study, we explored the positive effects of sodium nitroprusside and spermidine on physiological responses to increase in sunflower yield during periods of terminal drought. Initially, various doses (50, 100, 150, 200, 400 μM) for each sodium nitroprusside or spermidine were foliar sprayed to improve water content, chlorophylls, and biomass accumulation in sunflower seedlings under control (100% FC) and drought (60% FC) conditions. Optimized rates (100 μM for sodium nitroprusside) and (100 μM for spermidine) were further tested alone and in combination to assess drought tolerance potential and their ultimate impact on yield under drought stress. Drought exposure caused a marked reduction in relative water content (26%) and chlorophyll a (31%) and b (35%) contents; however, sodium nitroprusside and spermidine at 100 μM significantly improved the growth of sunflower (13%). Furthermore, combined use of sodium nitroprusside and spermidine at 100 + 100 μM markedly improved the achenes per head (16%), 1000-achene weight (14%), and ultimately grain (28%) and oil (21%) yields of sunflowers under drought stress. A strong association was found between the 1000-achene weight and the achene yield of sunflower. Hence, combined sodium nitroprusside and spermidine upregulate water balance and chlorophyll contents to increase sunflower yield under terminal drought.
{"title":"Supplemental Sodium Nitroprusside and Spermidine Regulate Water Balance and Chlorophyll Pigments to Improve Sunflower Yield under Terminal Drought","authors":"Israr Hussain, Muhammad Asif Shehzad, Gulzar Akhtar, Khawaja Shafique Ahmad, Khuram Mubeen, Waseem Hassan, Hafiz Nazar Faried, Shabbir Ahmad, Mudassir Aziz, Sanaullah Yasin, Ghanim A. Al-Abbadi, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, Hosam O. Elansary, Fazal Ullah","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c02061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c02061","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is an inevitable environmental stress that drastically hampers the growth, productivity, and quality of food crops. Exogenous sodium nitroprusside and spermidine have decisive functions in the growth enhancement of plants; nevertheless, their specific role in mediating stress responses to improve drought tolerance in sunflowers at the reproductive stage (terminal drought) remains largely unknown. In the present study, we explored the positive effects of sodium nitroprusside and spermidine on physiological responses to increase in sunflower yield during periods of terminal drought. Initially, various doses (50, 100, 150, 200, 400 μM) for each sodium nitroprusside or spermidine were foliar sprayed to improve water content, chlorophylls, and biomass accumulation in sunflower seedlings under control (100% FC) and drought (60% FC) conditions. Optimized rates (100 μM for sodium nitroprusside) and (100 μM for spermidine) were further tested alone and in combination to assess drought tolerance potential and their ultimate impact on yield under drought stress. Drought exposure caused a marked reduction in relative water content (26%) and chlorophyll <i>a</i> (31%) and <i>b</i> (35%) contents; however, sodium nitroprusside and spermidine at 100 μM significantly improved the growth of sunflower (13%). Furthermore, combined use of sodium nitroprusside and spermidine at 100 + 100 μM markedly improved the achenes per head (16%), 1000-achene weight (14%), and ultimately grain (28%) and oil (21%) yields of sunflowers under drought stress. A strong association was found between the 1000-achene weight and the achene yield of sunflower. Hence, combined sodium nitroprusside and spermidine upregulate water balance and chlorophyll contents to increase sunflower yield under terminal drought.","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lutein (LT) is a natural carotenoid and is widely used for its vision protection and antioxidant activity. However, the long-chain polyene structure makes lutein sensitive to light and oxygen and poses many difficulties in the production, processing, and storage. In addition, the special chemical structure of LT leads to low solubility and bioavailability. In this study, we propose an efficient solution to address these issues. A cocrystal of LT with adipic acid (LT-APC) was obtained for the first time. The cocrystals were fully characterized. After cocrystallization, the melting point of marketed LT was increased. The chemical stability of LT was significantly improved, and the influence of impurities on stability was limited. Dissolution experiments were performed in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and the cocrystal generated a much higher apparent solubility. To deepen insight into the mechanisms underlying the cocrystal’s improved solubility, wettability tests were performed by contact angle determination and film flotation methods. The cocrystal presented better wettability than the marketed LT. Finally, pharmacokinetic studies of marketed LT and its cocrystal were conducted in rats. The results showed that the cocrystal exhibited 3.4 times higher Cmax and 2.2 times higher AUC at a single dose compared with marketed LT.
{"title":"Cocrystal of Lutein with Improved Stability and Bioavailability","authors":"Chenxuan Zheng, Hao Wang, Ziyao Xiao, Zhixiong Sun, Junjie Bao, Wenjuan Dai, Qi Zhang, Xuefeng Mei","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c03864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c03864","url":null,"abstract":"Lutein (LT) is a natural carotenoid and is widely used for its vision protection and antioxidant activity. However, the long-chain polyene structure makes lutein sensitive to light and oxygen and poses many difficulties in the production, processing, and storage. In addition, the special chemical structure of LT leads to low solubility and bioavailability. In this study, we propose an efficient solution to address these issues. A cocrystal of LT with adipic acid (LT-APC) was obtained for the first time. The cocrystals were fully characterized. After cocrystallization, the melting point of marketed LT was increased. The chemical stability of LT was significantly improved, and the influence of impurities on stability was limited. Dissolution experiments were performed in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and the cocrystal generated a much higher apparent solubility. To deepen insight into the mechanisms underlying the cocrystal’s improved solubility, wettability tests were performed by contact angle determination and film flotation methods. The cocrystal presented better wettability than the marketed LT. Finally, pharmacokinetic studies of marketed LT and its cocrystal were conducted in rats. The results showed that the cocrystal exhibited 3.4 times higher <i>C</i><sub>max</sub> and 2.2 times higher AUC at a single dose compared with marketed LT.","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-30DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00334
Suraj S. Patil, Bapuso M. Babar, Digambar Y. Nadargi, Faiyyaj I. Shaikh, Jyoti D. Nadargi, Babasaheb R. Sankapal, Imtiaz S. Mulla, Mohaseen S. Tamboli, Nguyen Tam Nguyen Truong, Sharad S. Suryavanshi
Interest in the importance of gas sensing devices has increased significantly due to their critical function in monitoring the environment and controlling pollution, resulting in an increased market demand. The present review explores perovskite La-Fe-O based gas sensors with a special focus on LaFeO3 and evaluates their sensitivity to a diverse range of practical target gases that need to be monitored. An analysis has been conducted to assess different routes not only of synthesizing LaFeO3 material but also of characterization with the targeted use for their gas sensing abilities. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis has been performed to explore the effect of introducing other elements through doping. In view of the LaFeO3 sensing performance, more common gases like acetone, ethanol, methanol, formaldehyde, NOx, and CO2 have been targeted. In addition, a discussion on uncommon gases such as CO, SO2, TEA, C2H5, C6H6, and others is also made to give a complete picture of LaFeO3-based gas sensors. The summary and conclusion section of the study addresses the primary obstacles in the synthesis process, the variables that restrict the sensing capabilities of LaFeO3, and its commercial fulfillment.
{"title":"La-Fe-O Perovskite Based Gas Sensors: Recent Advances and Future Challenges","authors":"Suraj S. Patil, Bapuso M. Babar, Digambar Y. Nadargi, Faiyyaj I. Shaikh, Jyoti D. Nadargi, Babasaheb R. Sankapal, Imtiaz S. Mulla, Mohaseen S. Tamboli, Nguyen Tam Nguyen Truong, Sharad S. Suryavanshi","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c00334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c00334","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in the importance of gas sensing devices has increased significantly due to their critical function in monitoring the environment and controlling pollution, resulting in an increased market demand. The present review explores perovskite La-Fe-O based gas sensors with a special focus on LaFeO<sub>3</sub> and evaluates their sensitivity to a diverse range of practical target gases that need to be monitored. An analysis has been conducted to assess different routes not only of synthesizing LaFeO<sub>3</sub> material but also of characterization with the targeted use for their gas sensing abilities. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis has been performed to explore the effect of introducing other elements through doping. In view of the LaFeO<sub>3</sub> sensing performance, more common gases like acetone, ethanol, methanol, formaldehyde, NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>, and CO<sub>2</sub> have been targeted. In addition, a discussion on uncommon gases such as CO, SO<sub>2</sub>, TEA, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, and others is also made to give a complete picture of LaFeO<sub>3</sub>-based gas sensors. The summary and conclusion section of the study addresses the primary obstacles in the synthesis process, the variables that restrict the sensing capabilities of LaFeO<sub>3</sub>, and its commercial fulfillment.","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-30DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02189
Cristina Stavilă, Anca Emanuela Minuti, Dumitru Daniel Herea, Luminiţa Lăbuşcă, Daniel Gherca, Nicoleta Lupu, Horia Chiriac
The present study is aimed at developing an innovative method for efficient cancer cell destruction by exploiting the magnetomechanical actuation (MMA) of Fe-Cr-Nb-B magnetic particles (MPs), which are loaded with clinically approved chemotherapeutic drugs. To achieve this objective, Fe68.2Cr11.5Nb0.3B20 magnetic nanoparticles were produced by mechanically grinding amorphous ribbon precursors with the same composition. These nanoparticles display high anisotropy, a parallelepipedic shape with an amorphous structure, and a ferromagnetic behavior. MPs were loaded with the antitumoral drugs mitoxantrone (MTX) or doxorubicin (DOX). In our study, we used adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and human osteosarcoma cells to test drug-loaded MPs for their biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and cellular internalization. Further tests involved exposing cells to magnetomechanical actuation and simultaneous MPs-targeted chemotherapy followed by cell viability/death assays, such as MTT and LDH, and live/dead cell staining. Results demonstrate that cancer cell death was induced by the synergistic action of chemotherapeutic drugs and magnetomechanical actuation. The nanoparticle vehicles helped overcome drug resistance, decreasing the high dose of drugs used in conventional therapies as well as the time intervals needed for MMA to affect cancer cell viability. The proposed approach highlights the possibility of using a new, targeted, and effective cancer treatment with very few side effects.
{"title":"Synergistic Effect of Chemotherapy and Magnetomechanical Actuation of Fe-Cr-Nb-B Magnetic Particles on Cancer Cells","authors":"Cristina Stavilă, Anca Emanuela Minuti, Dumitru Daniel Herea, Luminiţa Lăbuşcă, Daniel Gherca, Nicoleta Lupu, Horia Chiriac","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c02189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c02189","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is aimed at developing an innovative method for efficient cancer cell destruction by exploiting the magnetomechanical actuation (MMA) of Fe-Cr-Nb-B magnetic particles (MPs), which are loaded with clinically approved chemotherapeutic drugs. To achieve this objective, Fe<sub>68.2</sub>Cr<sub>11.5</sub>Nb<sub>0.3</sub>B<sub>20</sub> magnetic nanoparticles were produced by mechanically grinding amorphous ribbon precursors with the same composition. These nanoparticles display high anisotropy, a parallelepipedic shape with an amorphous structure, and a ferromagnetic behavior. MPs were loaded with the antitumoral drugs mitoxantrone (MTX) or doxorubicin (DOX). In our study, we used adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and human osteosarcoma cells to test drug-loaded MPs for their biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and cellular internalization. Further tests involved exposing cells to magnetomechanical actuation and simultaneous MPs-targeted chemotherapy followed by cell viability/death assays, such as MTT and LDH, and live/dead cell staining. Results demonstrate that cancer cell death was induced by the synergistic action of chemotherapeutic drugs and magnetomechanical actuation. The nanoparticle vehicles helped overcome drug resistance, decreasing the high dose of drugs used in conventional therapies as well as the time intervals needed for MMA to affect cancer cell viability. The proposed approach highlights the possibility of using a new, targeted, and effective cancer treatment with very few side effects.","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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