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Qinlian Hongqu Decoction Modulates FXR/TGR5/GLP-1 Pathway to Improve Insulin Resistance in NAFLD Mice: Bioinformatics and Experimental Study. 秦连红曲煎剂调节FXR/TGR5/GLP-1通路改善非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠胰岛素抵抗的生物信息学和实验研究
IF 3.7 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-03 eCollection Date: 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c07463
Zhongyi Zhang, Yunliang He, Mei Zhao, Xin He, Zubing Zhou, Yuanyuan Yue, Tao Shen, Juncheng Liu, Gan Zhang, Yong Zhang

Background: Qinglian Hongqu decoction (QLHQD), a traditional Chinese herbal remedy, shows potential in alleviating metabolic issues related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its precise mode of action remains uncertain. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of QLHQD in treating NAFLD. Methods: This study utilized a NAFLD mouse model to assess the effects of QLHQD on lipid metabolism, including blood lipids and hepatic steatosis, as well as glucose metabolism, including blood glucose levels, OGTT results, and serum insulin. Network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and molecular docking were used to explore how QLHQD may improve NAFLD treatment. Key proteins involved in these mechanisms were validated via WB and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the expression of downstream pathway targets was examined to further validate the insulin resistance mechanism by which QLHQD improves NAFLD. Results: Animal studies demonstrated that QLHQD alleviated lipid abnormalities, hepatic steatosis, blood glucose levels, the insulin resistance index, and the OGTT results in NAFLD mice (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Network pharmacology and bioinformatics analyses indicated that the effects of QLHQD on NAFLD might involve bile acid secretion pathways. Subsequent validation through Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and qPCR demonstrated that QLHQD may influence fat metabolism and insulin sensitivity in NAFLD mice via the FXR/TGR5/GLP-1 signaling pathway. Conclusion: QLHQD significantly alleviates glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in a high-fat diet-induced NAFLD mouse model. Its mechanism of action may involve the activation of the FXR/TGR5/GLP-1 signaling pathway in the gut, which reduces lipid accumulation and insulin resistance.

背景:青莲红曲水煎剂(QLHQD)是一种传统中药,在缓解与非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)相关的代谢问题方面具有潜力。然而,其确切的作用模式仍不确定。研究目的本研究旨在评估 QLHQD 治疗非酒精性脂肪肝的疗效和机制。研究方法本研究利用非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠模型评估 QLHQD 对脂质代谢(包括血脂和肝脂肪变性)以及糖代谢(包括血糖水平、OGTT 结果和血清胰岛素)的影响。研究人员利用网络药理学、生物信息学和分子对接来探索 QLHQD 如何改善非酒精性脂肪肝的治疗。通过WB和免疫组化验证了参与这些机制的关键蛋白。此外,还检测了下游通路靶点的表达,以进一步验证 QLHQD 改善非酒精性脂肪肝的胰岛素抵抗机制。结果:动物实验表明,QLHQD可减轻非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠的血脂异常、肝脏脂肪变性、血糖水平、胰岛素抵抗指数和OGTT结果(P < 0.05或0.01)。网络药理学和生物信息学分析表明,QLHQD对非酒精性脂肪肝的影响可能涉及胆汁酸分泌途径。随后通过 Western 印迹、免疫组化和 qPCR 验证表明,QLHQD 可通过 FXR/TGR5/GLP-1 信号通路影响 NAFLD 小鼠的脂肪代谢和胰岛素敏感性。结论QLHQD能明显缓解高脂饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠模型的糖脂代谢紊乱。其作用机制可能涉及激活肠道中的 FXR/TGR5/GLP-1 信号通路,从而减少脂质积累和胰岛素抵抗。
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引用次数: 0
Treating Waste with Waste: Activated Bauxite Residue (ABR) as a Potential Wastewater Treatment. 以废治废:活性矾土残渣 (ABR) 作为一种潜在的废水处理方法。
IF 3.7 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-02 eCollection Date: 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c06699
Fei Cheng, Jingya Pang, Scott Berggren, Himanshu Tanvar, Brajendra Mishra, Maricor J Arlos

Bauxite residue (or red mud) is a highly alkaline waste generated during the extraction of alumina. As a result of the substantial accumulation of bauxite residue in tailings facilities, there is a growing interest in exploring the potential for reusing this material for other purposes. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the use of activated bauxite residue (ABR) for remediating oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) and as a supplement to municipal wastewater treatment through bench-scale, proof-of-concept studies. The ABR is produced through a reduction roasting process that alters the physicochemical properties of bauxite residue, resulting in the generation of potentially effective adsorbent media. The treatment performance via chemical and biological activity removals (cytotoxicity, estrogenicity, and mutagenicity) was also assessed. For OSPW, ABR treatment resulted in the effective removal of recalcitrant acid-extractable organics (AEOs), with kinetics following the pseudo-second-order and comparable adsorption capacity to other waste materials (e.g., petroleum coke). ABR also effectively reduced the estrogenicity and mutagenicity of OSPW, albeit cytotoxicity increased at higher dosages, possibly due to some components leaching out of the material (e.g., metals). For municipal wastewater, ABR treatment reduced fecal coliform concentrations (>99%), total phosphorus (up to 98%), total ammonia-nitrogen (63%), estrogenicity (nondetectable), and mutagenicity (nondetectable), especially in the primary effluent. The ultimate end use of ABR is for the recovery of valuable metals (especially iron) and as a construction material, but additional work is needed to optimize the dosage (currently in the g/L range) and maximize the use of ABR as an adsorbent prior to its subsequent uses.

铝土矿残渣(或赤泥)是一种在提取氧化铝过程中产生的高碱性废物。由于铝矾土残渣在尾矿设施中的大量积累,人们越来越有兴趣探索将这种材料重新用于其他用途的潜力。本研究的主要目的是评估活性铝矾土残渣(ABR)在油砂加工影响水(OSPW)补救中的用途,并通过台架规模的概念验证研究将其作为城市污水处理的补充。ABR 是通过还原焙烧工艺生产的,该工艺改变了铝矾土残渣的物理化学特性,从而产生了潜在的有效吸附介质。此外,还通过化学和生物活性去除(细胞毒性、雌激素性和诱变性)对处理性能进行了评估。对于 OSPW,ABR 处理可有效去除难降解的酸性可提取有机物(AEO),其动力学遵循假二阶,吸附能力与其他废物材料(如石油焦)相当。ABR 还能有效降低 OSPW 的雌激素毒性和诱变性,尽管在较高剂量下细胞毒性会增加,这可能是由于材料中的某些成分(如金属)被沥滤出所致。对于城市污水,ABR 处理可降低粪大肠菌群浓度(>99%)、总磷(高达 98%)、总氨氮(63%)、雌激素(检测不到)和诱变性(检测不到),特别是在一级出水中。ABR 的最终用途是回收有价金属(尤其是铁)和用作建筑材料,但还需要做更多的工作来优化用量(目前在克/升范围内),并在其后续用途之前最大限度地利用 ABR 作为吸附剂。
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引用次数: 0
Diverse Self-Assembled Molecular Architectures Promoted by C-H···O and C-H···Cl Hydrogen Bonds in a Triad of α-Diketone, α-Ketoimine, and an Imidorhenium Complex: A Unified Analysis Based on XRD, NEDA, SAPT, QTAIM, and IBSI Studies. α-二酮、α-酮亚胺和亚胺络合物三元组中的 C-H-O 和 C-H-Cl 氢键促进的多样化自组装分子结构:基于 XRD、NEDA、SAPT、QTAIM 和 IBSI 研究的统一分析。
IF 3.7 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-02 eCollection Date: 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c07702
Ankita Sinha, Suphal Sen, Tejender Singh, Aniruddha Ghosh, Satyen Saha, Krishanu Bandyopadhyay, Arindam Dey, Suparna Banerjee, Jaydip Gangopadhyay
<p><p>X-ray structural elucidation, supramolecular self-assembly, and energetics of existential noncovalent interactions for a triad comprising α-diketone, α-ketoimine, and an imidorhenium complex are highlighted in this report. Molecular packing reveals a self-assembled 2D network stabilized by the C-H···O H-bonds for the α-diketone (benzil), and the first structural report of Brown and Sadanaga stressing on the prevalence of <i>only the van der Waals forces</i> seems to be an oversimplified conjecture. In the α-ketoimine, the imine nitrogen atom undergoes intramolecular N···H interaction to render itself inert toward intermolecular C-H···N interaction and exhibits two types of C-H···O H-bonds in consequence to generate a self-assembled 2D molecular architecture. The imidorhenium complex features a self-aggregated 3D packing engendered by the interplay of C-H···Cl H-bonds along with the ancillary C-H···π, C···C, and C···Cl contacts. To the best of our knowledge, in rhenium chemistry, this imidorhenium complex unravels the first example of self-associated 3D molecular packing constructed by the directional hydrogen bonds of C-H···Cl type. The presence of characteristic supramolecular synthons, viz., R<sub>2</sub> <sup>2</sup>(12), R<sub>2</sub> <sup>2</sup>(16), and R<sub>2</sub> <sup>2</sup>(14), in the α-diketone, α-ketoimine, and imidorhenium complex, respectively, has prompted us to delve into the energetics of noncovalent interactions. Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory analysis has authenticated a stability order: R<sub>2</sub> <sup>2</sup>(14) > R<sub>2</sub> <sup>2</sup>(12) > R<sub>2</sub> <sup>2</sup>(16) based on the interaction energy values of -25.97, -9.93, and -4.98 kcal/mol, respectively. The respective average contributions of the long-range dispersion, electrostatic, and induction forces are 58.5, 32.8, and 8.7%, respectively, for the intermolecular C-H···O interactions. The C-H···Cl interactions experience comparable contribution from the dispersion force (57.9% on average), although the electrostatic and induction forces contribute much less, 28.0 and 14.1%, respectively, on average. The natural energy decomposition analysis has further attested that the short-range, interfragment charge transfer occurring via the lp(O/Cl) → σ*(C-H) routes contributes 17-25% of the total attractive force for the C-H···O and C-H···Cl interactions. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules analysis unfolds a first-order exponential decay relation (<i>y</i> = 8.1043<i>e</i> <sup>-<i>x</i>/0.4095</sup>) between the electron density at the bond critical point and the distance of noncovalent interactions. The distances of noncovalent interactions in the lattices are internally governed by the individual packing patterns rather than the chemical nature of the H-bond donors and acceptors. Intrinsic bond strength index analysis shows promise to correlate the electron density at BCP with the SAPT-derived interaction energy for the noncovalent interactions.
本报告重点介绍了由α-二酮、α-酮亚胺和亚胺络合物组成的三元体的 X 射线结构阐释、超分子自组装和存在非共价相互作用的能量学。α-二酮(苯齐尔)的分子堆积显示了一个由 C-H-O 氢键稳定的自组装二维网络,而 Brown 和 Sadanaga 的第一份结构报告强调范德华力的普遍存在似乎是一个过于简单的猜想。在α-酮亚胺中,亚胺的氮原子通过分子内的N--H相互作用,使其本身对分子间的C--H--N相互作用具有惰性,并因此表现出两种类型的C--H--O氢键,从而产生一种自组装的二维分子结构。亚胺鎓复合物的特点是,C-H--Cl H 键与辅助的 C-H--π、C--C 和 C-Cl 接触相互作用,产生自组装三维堆积。据我们所知,在铼化学领域,这种亚铱铼配合物首次揭示了由 C-H-Cl 型定向氢键构建的自结合三维分子填料。在α-二酮、α-酮亚胺和亚胺络合物中分别出现了特征性的超分子合子,即 R2 2(12)、R2 2(16)和 R2 2(14),这促使我们深入研究非共价相互作用的能量学。对称适配扰动理论分析证实了一种稳定顺序:R2 2(14) > R2 2(12) > R2 2(16),其相互作用能值分别为 -25.97、-9.93 和 -4.98千卡/摩尔。分子间 C-H-O 相互作用的长程弥散力、静电力和感应力的平均贡献率分别为 58.5%、32.8% 和 8.7%。在 C-H-Cl 相互作用中,分散力的贡献率相当(平均为 57.9%),但静电力和感应力的贡献率要低得多,平均分别为 28.0% 和 14.1%。自然能量分解分析进一步证明,通过 lp(O/Cl) → σ*(C-H)途径发生的短程碎片间电荷转移占 C-H-O 和 C-H-Cl 相互作用总吸引力的 17-25%。分子中原子的量子理论分析揭示了键临界点电子密度与非共价相互作用距离之间的一阶指数衰减关系(y = 8.1043e -x/0.4095)。晶格中的非共价相互作用距离在内部受单个堆积模式的制约,而不是受 H 键供体和受体的化学性质的制约。内在键强度指数分析表明,BCP 处的电子密度与 SAPT 得出的非共价相互作用能量之间存在关联。有两个因素(i) 与有机物相比,亚胺鎓复合物的 HOMO-LUMO 能量差(∼30 kcal/mol)几乎只有有机物的一半;(ii) HOMO 在 mer-ReCl3 分子上的定位(∼60%)清楚地表明该复合物的极化性增强,有利于弱 C-H-Cl H 键的生长。
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引用次数: 0
Charting the Waters of Sickle Cell Disease With Target Trial Emulation. 用目标试验模拟绘制镰状细胞病的水域图
IF 22.5 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.4435
A Parker Ruhl, Matthew M Hsieh, Elizabeth A Stuart
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引用次数: 0
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Suicidality-Two Important Pieces of Data but an Incomplete Puzzle. 胰高血糖素样肽-1 受体激动剂与自杀--两项重要数据,但仍是一个不完整的谜。
IF 22.5 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.4320
Timothy S Anderson, Deborah Grady
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引用次数: 0
Patient-Directed Education to Promote Deprescribing: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial. 通过患者指导教育促进去处方化:非随机临床试验。
IF 3.7 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.4739
Katie Fitzgerald Jones, Kelly Stolzmann, Jolie Wormwood, Jacquelyn Pendergast, Christopher J Miller, Michael Still, Barbara G Bokhour, Joseph Hanlon, Steven R Simon, Amy K Rosen, Amy M Linsky

Importance: Patient-directed educational materials are a promising implementation strategy to expand deprescribing reach and adoption, but little is known about the impact across medication groups with potentially different perceived risks.

Objective: To examine the impact of a patient-directed education intervention on clinician deprescribing of potentially low-benefit (proton pump inhibitors) or high-risk medications (high-dose gabapentin, diabetes agents with hypoglycemia risks).

Design, setting, and participants: This pragmatic multisite nonrandomized clinical trial took place at 3 geographically distinct US Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers from April 2021 to October 2022. The total study sample was composed of the intervention cohort and the historical control cohort cared for by 103 primary care practitioners (PCPs).

Intervention: The primary intervention component was a medication-specific brochure, mailed during the intervention time frame to all eligible patients 2 to 3 weeks prior to upcoming primary care appointments. Patients seen by the same PCPs at the same sites 1 year prior to the study intervention served as controls.

Main outcome and measures: The primary binary outcome variable was deprescribing 6 months after the intervention, defined as complete cessation or any dose reduction of the target medication using VA pharmacy dispensing data.

Results: The total study sample included 5071 patients. The overall rate of deprescribing among the intervention cohort (n = 2539) was 29.5% compared with 25.8% among the controls (n = 2532). In an unadjusted model, the intervention cohort was statistically significantly more likely to have deprescribing (odds ratio [OR], 1.17 [95% CI, 1.03-1.33]; P = .02). In a multivariable logistic regression model nesting patients within PCPs within sites and controlling for patient and PCP characteristics, the odds of deprescribing in the intervention cohort were 1.21 times that of the control cohort (95% CI, 1.05-1.38; P = .008). The difference in deprescribing prevalence between the intervention and control cohorts (proton pump inhibitors: 29.4% vs 25.4%; gabapentin: 40.2% vs 36.2%; hypoglycemia risk: 27.3% vs 25.1%) did not statistically significantly differ by medication group (P = .90).

Conclusion and relevance: This nonrandomized clinical trial found that patient-directed educational materials provided prior to scheduled primary care appointments can effectively promote deprescribing for potentially low-benefit and high-risk medication groups.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0429490.

重要性:以患者为导向的教育材料是一种很有前景的实施策略,可扩大处方的覆盖面和采用率,但对具有潜在不同感知风险的药物组的影响却知之甚少:目的:研究以患者为导向的教育干预对临床医生开具潜在低效药物(质子泵抑制剂)或高风险药物(大剂量加巴喷丁、有低血糖风险的糖尿病药物)处方的影响:这项务实的多地点非随机临床试验于 2021 年 4 月至 2022 年 10 月在 3 个地理位置不同的美国退伍军人事务(VA)医疗中心进行。研究样本包括干预队列和历史对照队列,由 103 名初级保健医生(PCPs)负责护理:干预措施的主要内容是在干预期间向所有符合条件的患者在预约初级保健医生前 2 到 3 周邮寄一份药物治疗小册子。研究干预前一年在同一地点由相同初级保健医生诊治的患者作为对照组:主要的二元结果变量是干预后 6 个月的停药情况,根据退伍军人药房的配药数据,停药的定义是完全停止或减少目标药物的剂量:研究样本共包括 5071 名患者。干预组患者(n = 2539)的总减药率为 29.5%,而对照组患者(n = 2532)的减药率为 25.8%。在未经调整的模型中,干预队列中出现去处方化的可能性明显更高(几率比 [OR],1.17 [95% CI,1.03-1.33];P = .02)。在一个多变量逻辑回归模型中,将患者和初级保健医生嵌套在同一地点,并控制患者和初级保健医生的特征,干预队列的去处方化几率是对照队列的 1.21 倍(95% CI,1.05-1.38;P = .008)。干预组群与对照组群的处方开具率差异(质子泵抑制剂:29.4% vs 25.4%; P = .008):29.4% vs 25.4%;加巴喷丁:40.2% vs 36.2%;低血糖风险:27.3% vs 25.1%)在统计学上并无显著差异(P = .90):这项非随机临床试验发现,在预约初级保健服务之前提供由患者指导的教育材料,可以有效促进潜在的低效益和高风险药物组的处方减少:试验注册:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT0429490。
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引用次数: 0
Estimated Savings Under the Medicare High-Value Drug List Model. 医疗保险高价值药品清单模式下的估计节省额。
IF 22.5 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.4846
Christopher L Cai, Aaron S Kesselheim, Benjamin N Rome
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引用次数: 0
Contraceptive Access in the US Post-Dobbs. 后多布斯时代的美国避孕药具使用情况。
IF 22.5 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.3586
Cynthia C Harper, Katherine Brown, Kavita Shah Arora
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引用次数: 0
Informant Effect on Placebo Response in Mental Disorders. 告密者对精神障碍患者安慰剂反应的影响》(Informant Effect on Placebo Response in Mental Disorders)。
IF 22.5 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2865
Natan Pereira Gosmann, Giovanni Abrahão Salum
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引用次数: 0
Informant Effect on Placebo Response in Mental Disorders. 告密者对精神障碍患者安慰剂反应的影响》(Informant Effect on Placebo Response in Mental Disorders)。
IF 22.5 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2862
Toshi A Furukawa, Pim Cuijpers
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引用次数: 0
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