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Enzyme Fuel Cell for Cellulolytic Sugar Conversion Employing FAD Glucose Dehydrogenase and Carbon Cloth Electrode Based on Direct Electron Transfer Principle~!2010-01-09~!2010-02-04~!2010-05-17~! 利用FAD葡萄糖脱氢酶和基于直接电子转移原理的碳布电极进行纤维素解糖转化的酶燃料电池2010-01-09 2010-02-04 2010-05-17
Pub Date : 2010-05-17 DOI: 10.2174/1876505X01002010006
Desriani, Takuya Hanashi, Tomohiko Yamazaki, W. Tsugawa, K. Sode
An enzyme fuel cell employing a carbon cloth electrode and bacterial FAD dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FADGDH) based on the direct electron transfer principle was constructed, and its scalability and cellulolytic sugar conversion were investigated. FADGDH was immobilized on the carbon cloth electrode together with carbon paste to form a multi-module type enzyme fuel cell by combining platinum-supported carbon immobilized carbon cloth as the cathode. The enzyme fuel cell was stable for more than 7 days of continuous operation. The 3 3 module (18 cm 2 ) enzyme fuel cell generated 68 μW (3.8 μW/cm 2 ) using glucose as the substrate, which was almost 9 times that of a single-module enzyme fuel cell. Thanks to the substrate specificity of bacterial FADGDH, cellulolytic sugars were revealed to be a good substrate for the enzyme fuel cell with cellobiose (9.3 μW/cm 2 ), cellotriose (9.2 μW/cm 2 ), or cellotetraose (6.3 μW/cm 2 ). These results demonstrated that together with the feasibility of using carbon cloth as the electrode material, FADGDH as the anode catalyst will become the norm in electrochemical biomass applications in the future.
采用碳布电极和细菌FAD依赖性葡萄糖脱氢酶(FADGDH)构建了基于直接电子转移原理的酶燃料电池,并对其可扩展性和纤维素解糖转化率进行了研究。将FADGDH与碳糊一起固定在碳布电极上,以铂负载碳固定碳布为阴极,形成多模块型酶燃料电池。酶燃料电池连续运行7天以上,性能稳定。33模块(18 cm 2)酶燃料电池以葡萄糖为底物产生68 μW (3.8 μW/cm 2),是单模块酶燃料电池的近9倍。由于细菌FADGDH的底物特异性,纤维素水解糖被证明是纤维素二糖(9.3 μW/cm 2)、纤维素三糖(9.2 μW/cm 2)或纤维素四糖(6.3 μW/cm 2)的酶燃料电池的良好底物。这些结果表明,加上碳布作为电极材料的可行性,FADGDH作为阳极催化剂将成为未来电化学生物质应用的常态。
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引用次数: 8
Kinetic Study of the Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction on Membrane Coated Electrodes. Part II: Applications 膜电极上氢氧化反应的动力学研究。第二部分:应用
Pub Date : 2010-04-20 DOI: 10.2174/1876505X01002010001
M. Rau, C. Marozzi, M. R. G. Chialvo, A. Chialvo
In the Part I of the present work, theoretical expressions for the analysis of the hydrogen oxidation reaction on electrodes covered with layers of polymeric membranes were derived. The diffusion of molecular hydrogen through the different layers and interfaces was taken into account, the kinetic treatment was based on the Volmer-Heyrovsky-Tafel mechanism and a Frumkin type adsorption was applied to the reaction intermediate. The resulting expressions were used to correlate experimental data measured by J. Maruyama et al. (J. Electroanal. Chem. 1998, 447, 201-209), obtained on a rotating platinum electrode covered with a Nafion membrane and on the corresponding bare electrode. A complete set of kinetic and mass transport parameters was obtained in both cases. The applicability of the Levich-Koutecky diagrams for the evaluation of the faradaic current-potential curves was also analyzed and discussed.
在本工作的第一部分中,推导了氢氧化反应在多层聚合物膜覆盖的电极上分析的理论表达式。考虑氢分子在不同层和界面中的扩散,动力学处理基于Volmer-Heyrovsky-Tafel机理,反应中间体采用Frumkin型吸附。所得到的表达式用于关联J. Maruyama等人(J. Electroanal)测量的实验数据。化学,1998,447,201-209),在覆盖有Nafion膜的旋转铂电极和相应的裸电极上获得。在这两种情况下都得到了一套完整的动力学和质量输运参数。分析和讨论了列维奇-库特基图在评价法拉第电流-电位曲线中的适用性。
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引用次数: 1
Electrochemical Behavior of Vanadium in Azide Electrolyte inComparison with the Behavior in Halogen Ions-Containing Electrolytes 叠氮化物电解质中钒的电化学行为与含卤素离子电解质行为的比较
Pub Date : 2009-09-04 DOI: 10.2174/1876505X00901010042
A. Ghoneim
The influence of azide ion concentration and temperature on the electrochemical behavior of vanadium was studied using open-circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The steady state potential (Ess) is a linear function of azide ion concentration. Polarization measurements have shown that the rate of corrosion icorr increases with increasing the azide ion concentration as well as increasing solution temperature. EIS investigations under open-circuit conditions confirm these results as can be identified by the decrease of the polarization resistance (Rox) and oxide thickness (1/Cox) with increasing the azide ion concentration. The measured impedance responses were analyzed using a constant phase element (CPE) model with its complex transfer function. The behavior of vanadium in the azide medium is also compared to that in other halide salt solutions, it was found that the tendency for spontaneously grown thicker oxide film increases in the order: Br - > Cl - > I - > N 3 > F - .
采用开路电位(OCP)、动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术研究了叠氮化物离子浓度和温度对钒电化学行为的影响。稳态电位(Ess)是叠氮离子浓度的线性函数。极化测量表明,随着叠氮离子浓度的增加和溶液温度的升高,腐蚀速率增加。开路条件下的EIS研究证实了这些结果,可以通过极化电阻(Rox)和氧化物厚度(1/Cox)随叠氮离子浓度的增加而降低来识别。采用具有复杂传递函数的恒相元(CPE)模型对测量阻抗响应进行了分析。钒在叠氮化物介质中的行为也与在其他卤化物溶液中的行为进行了比较,发现自发生长较厚的氧化膜的趋势依次为:Br - > Cl - > I - > n3 > F -。
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引用次数: 1
Study of the Electrocatalytic Reaction of Hydrogen Peroxide Mediated byAzobenzene Monolayer with Several Multipotential Pulse Techniques 偶氮苯单分子膜催化过氧化氢电催化反应的多势脉冲技术研究
Pub Date : 2009-09-04 DOI: 10.2174/1876505X00901010037
J. González, C. Soto, Á. Molina
The comparison between the response corresponding to a simple charge transfer taking place at an electroactive monolayer with that of an electrocatalytic process at a modified electrode are presented by using the multipulse potential techniques cyclic staircase voltammetry (CSCV) and cyclic square wave voltammetry (CSWV). General analytical and explicit equations for the IE responses have been tested by means of the study of the reduction of azobenzene monolayer at mercury electrode. The value of the chemical rate constant ( k c ' = 40 M  1 s  1 ) has been easily obtained from the cathodic plateau of the CSCV curves and from the best fitting between theoretical and experimental CSWV curves.
利用多脉冲电位技术,循环阶梯伏安法(CSCV)和循环方波伏安法(CSWV)比较了电活性单层上发生的简单电荷转移与修饰电极上电催化过程的响应。通过研究偶氮苯单层在汞电极上的还原,对IE响应的一般解析方程和显式方程进行了测试。化学速率常数k c′= 40 M1 s1由CSCV曲线的阴极平台和理论与实验曲线的最佳拟合得到。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of Piperazine and its Derivatives as Vapor Phase Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel 哌嗪及其衍生物作为低碳钢气相缓蚀剂的研究
Pub Date : 2009-08-22 DOI: 10.2174/1876505X00901010032
Quraishi, F. A. Ansari, J. Rawat
Piperazine and its derivatives such as phosphates, carbonates, benzoates, cinnamate and maleate were developed and investigated as vapor phase corrosion inhibitors by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization methods for mild steel. All of these compounds have shown good inhibition efficiency for mild steel after 30 days under continuous condensation test (CT). The potentiodynamic polarization studies have shown predominantly anodic behavior of all these compounds.
采用失重、动电位极化等方法研究了哌嗪及其衍生物(磷酸盐、碳酸盐、苯甲酸盐、肉桂酸盐和马来酸盐)对低碳钢的气相缓蚀剂性能。经连续缩合试验(CT) 30天后,这些化合物对低碳钢均表现出良好的缓蚀效果。动电位极化研究表明,这些化合物都具有明显的阳极性。
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引用次数: 7
Fractal Pattern Formed in Ag-In Electrodeposits 银银电沉积中形成的分形图案
Pub Date : 2009-07-31 DOI: 10.2174/1876505X00901010028
M. Saitou, H. Ota, S. Hossain
We investigated pattern formation in Ag-In electrodeposition by constructing a morphology diagram that indicates the presence of pattern at a current density and cathode potential. The patterns that emerge as a fishbone and tree are found to have a fractal property. As the current density increases, the fishbone-like pattern with a fractal dimension of 1.44 changes into the tree-like pattern with a fractal dimension of 1.64. The increase in the fractal dimension is related to an increase in the number of branch in the pattern.
我们通过构建表明在电流密度和阴极电位下图案存在的形态图来研究银电沉积中的图案形成。以鱼骨和树的形式出现的图案被发现具有分形特性。随着电流密度的增加,分形维数为1.44的鱼骨状图案转变为分形维数为1.64的树状图案。分形维数的增加与图案中分支数量的增加有关。
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引用次数: 0
Electro-Oxidation of Ethanol and Propanol at Pt and Ti Modified Nanoparticle Substrates for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells (DAFCs) 直接醇燃料电池(DAFCs)中Pt和Ti修饰纳米颗粒底物上乙醇和丙醇的电氧化
Pub Date : 2009-07-31 DOI: 10.2174/1876505X00901010019
H. Hassan
Modified Pt and Ti substrates were prepared by electrodeposition of nanocrystallite Pt and Ptx-Sny catalysts for electro-oxidation of ethanol, 1-propanol and 2-propanol. The chemical composition, the phase structure and the surface morphology of the Pt and Ptx-Sny electrodeposits were studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Their electro-catalytic activities were studied in 0.5 M H2SO4 by cyclic votlammetry and chronoamperometric techniques. It was found that, the nature of the substrate significantly affects the performance of the prepared catalyst towards electro-oxidation of different alcohols. Accordingly, the modified Pt substrates display enhanced catalytic activity and a higher stability towards alcohols electro-oxidation compared to the modified Ti substrates. Steady state Tafel plots experiments showed smoother and higher rate of alcohols oxidation on the modified Pt substrates than that on the modified Ti. High anodic Tafel slopes >200 for 1-propanol and 2- propanol electro-oxidation were obtained on Ti modified substrates indicating the complexity of the oxidation reaction on such electrodes.
采用电沉积法制备了纳米晶Pt和Ptx-Sny催化剂,分别用于乙醇、1-丙醇和2-丙醇的电氧化。采用x射线衍射仪(XRD)、能量色散x射线能谱仪(EDX)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了Pt和Ptx-Sny镀层的化学成分、相结构和表面形貌。用循环伏安法和计时安培法研究了它们在0.5 M H2SO4中的电催化活性。实验发现,底物的性质对所制备的催化剂对不同醇的电氧化性能有显著影响。因此,与钛基相比,改性Pt基对醇类电氧化表现出更强的催化活性和更高的稳定性。稳态Tafel图实验表明,醇类在改性Pt基体上的氧化比在改性Ti基体上的氧化更光滑,氧化速率更高。1-丙醇和2-丙醇电氧化在Ti修饰的基底上获得了>200的高阳极Tafel斜率,这表明在这种电极上氧化反应的复杂性。
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引用次数: 6
Kinetic Study of the Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction on Membrane CoatedElectrodes. Part I: Theoretical Aspects 膜电极上氢氧化反应的动力学研究。第一部分:理论方面
Pub Date : 2009-04-20 DOI: 10.2174/1876505X00901010049
C. Marozzi, M. R. G. Chialvo, A. Chialvo
A generalized theoretical analysis of the kinetics of the hydrogen oxidation reaction under the Volmer- Heyrovsky-Tafel mechanism on an electrode covered by polymeric films is presented. The treatment includes the diffusion of the molecular hydrogen through the electrolyte solution, as well as through the different layers and interfaces. On the light of the resulting expressions, the applicability of the Levich-Koutecky diagrams for the determination of the kinetic current densities was critically analyzed.
对聚合物薄膜电极上的氢氧化反应动力学在Volmer- Heyrovsky-Tafel机制下的广义理论分析。处理包括氢分子通过电解质溶液以及通过不同层和界面的扩散。根据所得表达式,批判性地分析了leich - koutecky图在确定动力学电流密度方面的适用性。
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引用次数: 3
Electrochemical Study of Some Substituted Chromene Derivatives in Nonaqueous Media at Pt, Au and Glassy Carbon Electrodes 非水介质中某些取代铬衍生物在铂、金和玻碳电极上的电化学研究
Pub Date : 2009-04-01 DOI: 10.2174/1876505X00901010008
A. E. Maghraby
The redox characteristics of some substituted chromene derivatives has been investigated in different nonaque- ous solvents such as, 1,2- dichloroethane (DCE), dichloromethane (DCM) and acetonitrile (AN) using 0.1mol dm -3 tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) as a supporting electrolyte at platinum, gold and glassy carbon electrodes, using cyclic voltammetry. Through controlled potential electrolysis (CPE), the product of oxidation and reduction can be sepa- rated and identified. The product of oxidation was found to be the corresponding bis-compound. On the other hand, the reduction occurs in a single two electron process to give the dianion, which abstracts protons to saturate the (-C=O) bond. The effect of substituents on the redox mode of an electroactive site has also been studied.
采用循环伏安法研究了取代铬衍生物在1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)、二氯甲烷(DCM)和乙腈(AN)等非水溶剂中,以0.1mol dm -3四丁基高氯酸铵(TBAP)为支撑电解质,在铂、金和玻碳电极上的氧化还原特性。通过控制电位电解(CPE),可以对氧化还原产物进行分离和鉴定。发现氧化产物为相应的双化合物。另一方面,还原发生在一个单双电子过程中,产生了离子,离子吸收质子使(-C=O)键饱和。取代基对电活性位点氧化还原方式的影响也进行了研究。
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引用次数: 1
L-Dopa as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Mineral Acid Medium 左旋多巴作为低碳钢在无机酸介质中的缓蚀剂
Pub Date : 2009-04-01 DOI: 10.2174/1876505X00901010015
H. Sachin, M. H. Khan, S. Raghavendra, N. S. Bhujangaiah
Corrosion inhibition of mild steel was studied using L-Dopa in aqueous hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid so- lutions. The corrosion behaviours of the steel specimen in the presence of inhibitor weret studied by galvanostatic polari- zation and weight loss techniques. The measured electrochemical data indicated good inhibition of corrosion in both the corrosive medium in presence of L-DOPA. The corrosion inhibition may be explained on the basis of adsorption and for- mation of surface film of L-DOPA on the metal surface. The surface of the steel specimen subjected to electrochemical corrosion in the presence and absence of the inhibitor was studied using scanning electron microscopic images. In the present investigation, L-DOPA is used as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in aqueous hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid solutions. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of the compound is studied by potentiodynamic polarization and weight loss studies. The surface morphology of the metal surface before and after corrosion is studied by SEM images. 2. EXPERIMENTAL Analytical Reagent (AR) grade chemicals (sd. fine chemicals, Mumbai) were used for the study. The aqueous solution of sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid was used as the corrosive media. L-dopa was used as received and the structure of the L-dopa was used as corrosion inhibitor is as shown in Fig. (1).
研究了左旋多巴在盐酸和硫酸水溶液中对低碳钢的缓蚀作用。采用恒流极化和失重技术研究了缓蚀剂存在下钢试样的腐蚀行为。电化学测量数据表明,在L-DOPA存在的两种腐蚀介质中均有良好的缓蚀作用。L-DOPA在金属表面的吸附和表面膜的形成可以解释其缓蚀作用。用扫描电镜图像研究了在存在和不存在缓蚀剂的情况下受电化学腐蚀的钢试样表面。在本研究中,L-DOPA被用作低碳钢在盐酸和硫酸溶液中的缓蚀剂。通过动电位极化和失重研究了该化合物的缓蚀效果。利用扫描电镜对腐蚀前后金属表面形貌进行了研究。2. 实验分析试剂(AR)级化学品(sd)精细化学品,孟买)用于研究。腐蚀介质为硫酸和盐酸的水溶液。以左旋多巴作为受体,左旋多巴作为缓蚀剂的结构如图1所示。
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引用次数: 8
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The Open Electrochemistry Journal
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