1. As a fundainental investigation for the study of genetical effect of zinoma.lous envirdnmerital c. onditians upon rice embryo during its development the process of normal embryogenesis has been observed histochemically as well as morphologically. Nprin No. 17, an improved paddy variety, was used here as the materialsL 2. The zygote underg:oes cleavage during" the first 3 days after fertilization. It increases abruptly its cells during the period betweeh the 3rd and the 4th day, the.number of cells counted on the 4th day being ca. 15 times as many, as that on the 3rd day. From the 5th to the 8th day the young embryo multiplies its cells rather slowly, the avetage rate, of multiplication beihg ca. 150%. It shows again a rapid cell inbrease between the 8 thL and the 9th day (ca. 300%) Frorh this time on the rate of cell tnultiplication of einbryo ss a wholebecomes lower and lower as the development p.ro ceeds. The former abrupt cell increase is carried out before any sign of cell differehtiation has been recognized both morphologically and histochemically. Th.e latter is confirmed to be due to the speedy division of ceils forming the scutellurh and theseed, Iing organs including the coleoptile, the coleorhiza, the radicule and the primordial first foliage leaf. These have, then differentiated 'already alongr with the.epithellium. In the tissue f:orming the seedling organs cell multiplidation goes on actively until the Iatter stages. The scutellum cells, however, show no active division after the 9 th day, because they have nearly come to their maximurn nurrLber already by this time. The epithellial cells continue their division rather actively throughout the develop, ment, but they are aiw-ays the least in number and contribute little to the total gain (Table 1 and Figure 1).
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF ANOMALOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS UPON EMBRYOGENESIS IN THE RICE PLANT, ORYZA SATIVA L. I. HISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATION OF NORMAL EMBRYOGENESIS","authors":"U. Mizushima, K. Murakami, Y. Hozyo","doi":"10.1270/JSBBS1951.5.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1270/JSBBS1951.5.154","url":null,"abstract":"1. As a fundainental investigation for the study of genetical effect of zinoma.lous envirdnmerital c. onditians upon rice embryo during its development the process of normal embryogenesis has been observed histochemically as well as morphologically. Nprin No. 17, an improved paddy variety, was used here as the materialsL 2. The zygote underg:oes cleavage during\" the first 3 days after fertilization. It increases abruptly its cells during the period betweeh the 3rd and the 4th day, the.number of cells counted on the 4th day being ca. 15 times as many, as that on the 3rd day. From the 5th to the 8th day the young embryo multiplies its cells rather slowly, the avetage rate, of multiplication beihg ca. 150%. It shows again a rapid cell inbrease between the 8 thL and the 9th day (ca. 300%) Frorh this time on the rate of cell tnultiplication of einbryo ss a wholebecomes lower and lower as the development p.ro ceeds. The former abrupt cell increase is carried out before any sign of cell differehtiation has been recognized both morphologically and histochemically. Th.e latter is confirmed to be due to the speedy division of ceils forming the scutellurh and theseed, Iing organs including the coleoptile, the coleorhiza, the radicule and the primordial first foliage leaf. These have, then differentiated 'already alongr with the.epithellium. In the tissue f:orming the seedling organs cell multiplidation goes on actively until the Iatter stages. The scutellum cells, however, show no active division after the 9 th day, because they have nearly come to their maximurn nurrLber already by this time. The epithellial cells continue their division rather actively throughout the develop, ment, but they are aiw-ays the least in number and contribute little to the total gain (Table 1 and Figure 1).","PeriodicalId":23108,"journal":{"name":"Tohoku journal of agricultural research","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1955-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83063865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1950-03-01DOI: 10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.24.412
K. Shimura
Electrostrictions of the solvent due to ionized groups of α-amino acids were estimated. Apparent molal volume of amino acid zwitterion is calculated from the density of neutral solutions. The app. mol. vol. of amino acid cation, φR-, is represented as follows: φR+=1/m-x{m(Φ1-φCl-)-x(φR±+φH+)}, K1=x2/m-x, in which m is total concentration of amino acid, x is concentration of zwitterion, K1, is ioni-zation constant of carboxyl-groups, Φ1, φ+ and φCl are the app. mol. vol. of solute, H+ and Cl-. By the same principle the app. mol. vol. of amino acid anion, φR-, is φR-=1/m-x{m(Φ2-φNa+)-x(φR±+φOH-)}, K2=x2/m-x, in which K2 is ionization constant of amino-group. Comparing the app. mol. vol. of cation, anion, and zwitterion of amino acid and using atomic volume of hydrogen, 3.1 cc, the electro-striction of solvent due to charged groups were obtained as follows: glycine, 2.1 cc/mol (electrostriction due to -COO-), 8.2 (-NH3+); dl-alanine, 3.8, 6.8; dl-α-amino-n-butyric acid, 3.9, 7.0; dl-α=amino-n-valeric acid, 3.7, 7.1; α-amino-isobutyric acid, 3.7, 5.5; dl-valine, _??_. O, 5.2; l-leucine, 3.1, 6.9.
估计了α-氨基酸离子化基团对溶剂电致伸缩的影响。氨基酸两性离子的表观摩尔体积由中性溶液的密度计算得到。氨基酸阳离子φ r -的相对摩尔体积表示为:φ r +=1/m-x{m(Φ1-φCl-)-x(φ r±+φH+)}， K1=x2/m-x，其中m为氨基酸总浓度，x为两性离子浓度，K1为羧基电离常数，Φ1、φ+和φCl为溶质、H+和Cl-的相对摩尔体积。同样的原理，氨基酸阴离子φR-的实际摩尔体积为φR-=1/m-x{m(Φ2-φ na +)-x(φR±+φOH-)}， K2=x2/m-x，其中K2为氨基的电离常数。比较氨基酸的正离子、阴离子和两性离子的应用摩尔体积，以氢的原子体积为3.1 cc，可得溶剂因带电基团引起的电伸缩:甘氨酸，2.1 cc/mol (- coo -引起的电伸缩)，8.2 (- nh3 +);dl-丙氨酸，3.8,6.8;Dl -α-氨基正丁酸，3.9,7.0;Dl -α=氨基戊酸，3.7,7.1;α-氨基异丁酸，3.7,5.5;dl-valine _ ? ? _。啊,5.2;l-亮氨酸，3.1,6.9
{"title":"STUDIES IN THE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS","authors":"K. Shimura","doi":"10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.24.412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1271/NOGEIKAGAKU1924.24.412","url":null,"abstract":"Electrostrictions of the solvent due to ionized groups of α-amino acids were estimated. Apparent molal volume of amino acid zwitterion is calculated from the density of neutral solutions. The app. mol. vol. of amino acid cation, φR-, is represented as follows: φR+=1/m-x{m(Φ1-φCl-)-x(φR±+φH+)}, K1=x2/m-x, in which m is total concentration of amino acid, x is concentration of zwitterion, K1, is ioni-zation constant of carboxyl-groups, Φ1, φ+ and φCl are the app. mol. vol. of solute, H+ and Cl-. By the same principle the app. mol. vol. of amino acid anion, φR-, is φR-=1/m-x{m(Φ2-φNa+)-x(φR±+φOH-)}, K2=x2/m-x, in which K2 is ionization constant of amino-group. Comparing the app. mol. vol. of cation, anion, and zwitterion of amino acid and using atomic volume of hydrogen, 3.1 cc, the electro-striction of solvent due to charged groups were obtained as follows: glycine, 2.1 cc/mol (electrostriction due to -COO-), 8.2 (-NH3+); dl-alanine, 3.8, 6.8; dl-α-amino-n-butyric acid, 3.9, 7.0; dl-α=amino-n-valeric acid, 3.7, 7.1; α-amino-isobutyric acid, 3.7, 5.5; dl-valine, _??_. O, 5.2; l-leucine, 3.1, 6.9.","PeriodicalId":23108,"journal":{"name":"Tohoku journal of agricultural research","volume":"20 1","pages":"107-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90787035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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