Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.2174/1874357902014010022
Mayank Kumar, R. Bharti, Tushar Ranjan
The host range of a virus is defined as the number of species a virus potentially infects. The specialist virus infects one or few related species while the generalist virus infects several different species, possibly in different families. Origin of generalist viruses from their specialist nature and the expansion of the host range of the generalist virus occur with the host shift event in which the virus encounters and adapts to a new host. Host shift events have resulted in the majority of the newly emerging viral diseases. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of generalist over specialist viruses and the unique features of plant viruses and their hosts that result in a higher incidence of generalist viruses in plants.
{"title":"The Evolutionary Significance of Generalist Viruses with Special Emphasis on Plant Viruses and their Hosts","authors":"Mayank Kumar, R. Bharti, Tushar Ranjan","doi":"10.2174/1874357902014010022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874357902014010022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The host range of a virus is defined as the number of species a virus potentially infects. The specialist virus infects one or few related species while the generalist virus infects several different species, possibly in different families. Origin of generalist viruses from their specialist nature and the expansion of the host range of the generalist virus occur with the host shift event in which the virus encounters and adapts to a new host. Host shift events have resulted in the majority of the newly emerging viral diseases. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of generalist over specialist viruses and the unique features of plant viruses and their hosts that result in a higher incidence of generalist viruses in plants.","PeriodicalId":23111,"journal":{"name":"The Open Virology Journal","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91434427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-20DOI: 10.2174/1874357902014010016
R. Bhatia, S. Ganti, R. Narang, R. Rawal
Although there is continuous work in progress in some of the above mentioned approaches, but there is still no drug/vaccine available to treat COVID-19 Drug repurposing offers an economical and rapid strategy to discover a potential therapeutic agent in the current hectic situation This compilation may be helpful to the researchers, drug developers and health agencies to look into the matter and work against the possible targets to develop a therapeutic candidate against COVID-19 The challenge associated with drug repurposing is the inadequate efficacy of single therapeutic candidate Another complication associated with this approach is to search and analyze the huge amount of previously reported data to make efficient and effective use against a new indication The complex/unclear events of the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 also offer a great challenge to select a candidate for repurposing
{"title":"Strategies and Challenges to Develop Therapeutic Candidates against COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"R. Bhatia, S. Ganti, R. Narang, R. Rawal","doi":"10.2174/1874357902014010016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874357902014010016","url":null,"abstract":"Although there is continuous work in progress in some of the above mentioned approaches, but there is still no drug/vaccine available to treat COVID-19 Drug repurposing offers an economical and rapid strategy to discover a potential therapeutic agent in the current hectic situation This compilation may be helpful to the researchers, drug developers and health agencies to look into the matter and work against the possible targets to develop a therapeutic candidate against COVID-19 The challenge associated with drug repurposing is the inadequate efficacy of single therapeutic candidate Another complication associated with this approach is to search and analyze the huge amount of previously reported data to make efficient and effective use against a new indication The complex/unclear events of the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 also offer a great challenge to select a candidate for repurposing","PeriodicalId":23111,"journal":{"name":"The Open Virology Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86798245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-04DOI: 10.2174/1874357902014010009
R. Eccles
The common cold syndrome of acute upper respiratory tract viral infection is the most common disease among mankind and is an extremely common illness in children. There is a great need for a safe and effective antiviral treatment with minimal side effects. The challenge in developing a treatment is the numerous and varied respiratory viruses that cause this common illness and the need for a treatment with good tolerability and safety. All respiratory viruses must reach the cell surface by passing through respiratory fluid and mucus, and this common feature may allow for the development of antivirals that capture viruses during this transit. This article discusses how large polyanionic molecules such as iota-carrageenan may trap positively charged respiratory viruses. Iota-carrageenan is a large polysaccharide molecule which is neither absorbed from the respiratory tract nor metabolised. It, therefore, does not have any pharmacological properties. Iota-carrageenan nasal spray has been shown to reduce the titres of respiratory viruses and to reduce the severity of symptoms in placebo-controlled clinical trials, including children and adults. The results of four clinical trials are presented. Iota-carrageenan is a good candidate as a safe and effective non-specific antiviral treatment for common cold, and more research is justified on polyanionic molecules like carrageenans as antivirals.
{"title":"Iota-Carrageenan as an Antiviral Treatment for the Common Cold","authors":"R. Eccles","doi":"10.2174/1874357902014010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874357902014010009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The common cold syndrome of acute upper respiratory tract viral infection is the most common disease among mankind and is an extremely common illness in children. There is a great need for a safe and effective antiviral treatment with minimal side effects. The challenge in developing a treatment is the numerous and varied respiratory viruses that cause this common illness and the need for a treatment with good tolerability and safety.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 All respiratory viruses must reach the cell surface by passing through respiratory fluid and mucus, and this common feature may allow for the development of antivirals that capture viruses during this transit.\u0000 This article discusses how large polyanionic molecules such as iota-carrageenan may trap positively charged respiratory viruses. Iota-carrageenan is a large polysaccharide molecule which is neither absorbed from the respiratory tract nor metabolised. It, therefore, does not have any pharmacological properties. Iota-carrageenan nasal spray has been shown to reduce the titres of respiratory viruses and to reduce the severity of symptoms in placebo-controlled clinical trials, including children and adults. The results of four clinical trials are presented.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Iota-carrageenan is a good candidate as a safe and effective non-specific antiviral treatment for common cold, and more research is justified on polyanionic molecules like carrageenans as antivirals.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23111,"journal":{"name":"The Open Virology Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79748308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-16DOI: 10.2174/1874357902014010007
R. Bhatia, R. Narang, R. Rawal
Drug discovery and development against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the utmost need and the most challenging task of the hour. Many research groups from different countries are working continuously in this direction, and till 8 March 2020, a total of 382 clinical trials have been registered on the WHO’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform [1]. There is an urgent need to identify specific targets to design promising therapeutic agents against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 reveals seven major target proteins that can be considered for drug design against the virus. These include the spike, envelope, membrane, nucleocapsid, protease, hemagglutinin esterase and helicase [2, 3]. Beyond these, several Non Structural Proteins (NSPs) can also be evaluated as targets for drug development [4]. There are only a few Protein Data Bank (PDB) Ids available related to SARS-CoV-2 in the RCSB database. Table 1 summarizes recently released PDB Ids (from 5.2.2020 to 25.3.2020) for various SARS-CoV-2 targets [5].
{"title":"A Summary of Viral Targets and Recently Released PDB IDs of SARS-CoV-2","authors":"R. Bhatia, R. Narang, R. Rawal","doi":"10.2174/1874357902014010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874357902014010007","url":null,"abstract":"Drug discovery and development against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the utmost need and the most challenging task of the hour. Many research groups from different countries are working continuously in this direction, and till 8 March 2020, a total of 382 clinical trials have been registered on the WHO’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform [1]. There is an urgent need to identify specific targets to design promising therapeutic agents against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 reveals seven major target proteins that can be considered for drug design against the virus. These include the spike, envelope, membrane, nucleocapsid, protease, hemagglutinin esterase and helicase [2, 3]. Beyond these, several Non Structural Proteins (NSPs) can also be evaluated as targets for drug development [4]. There are only a few Protein Data Bank (PDB) Ids available related to SARS-CoV-2 in the RCSB database. Table 1 summarizes recently released PDB Ids (from 5.2.2020 to 25.3.2020) for various SARS-CoV-2 targets [5].","PeriodicalId":23111,"journal":{"name":"The Open Virology Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"7-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85975630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-18DOI: 10.2174/1874357902014010001
Y. Malik, S. Bhat, P. Dar, S. Sircar, K. Dhama, R. Singh
Evolutionary biology has become one of the imperative determinants explaining the origin of several viruses which were either identified decades back or are recognized lately using metagenomic approaches Several notifiable emerging viruses like influenza, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, Hendra, Nipah and Zika viruses have become the leading causes of epidemics and losses thereto in both human and animals The sufferings are higher due to gastroenteritis causing viruses including Astrovirus, Calicivirus, Enterovirus, Kobuvirus Picobirnavirus, Sapelovirus, Teschovirus, and many more Notably, the majority of the emerging viruses enclose RNA genome and these are more prone for insertions/mutation in their genome, leading to evolving viral variants Rapidity in viral evolution becomes a big hitch in the development process of successful vaccines or antiviral The prominent gastroenteric virus is rotavirus, which is a double-stranded RNA virus with a segmented nature of genome enabling higher reassortment events and generates unusual strains with unique genomic constellations derivative of parental rotavirus strains Although most rotaviruses appear to be host restricted, the interspecies transmission of rotaviruses has been well documented across the globe The nocturnal bats have been accepted harbouring many pathogenic viruses and serving as natural reservoirs Indications are that bats can also harbour rotaviruses, and help in virus spread The zooanthroponotic and anthropozoonotic potential of rotaviruses has significant implications for rotavirus epidemiology Hitherto reports confirm infection of humans through rotaviruses of animal origin, exclusively via direct transmission or through gene reassortments between animal and human strain of rotaviruses There is a need to understand the ecology and evolutionary biology of emerging rotavirus strains to design effective control programs
{"title":"Evolving Rotaviruses, Interspecies Transmission and Zoonoses","authors":"Y. Malik, S. Bhat, P. Dar, S. Sircar, K. Dhama, R. Singh","doi":"10.2174/1874357902014010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874357902014010001","url":null,"abstract":"Evolutionary biology has become one of the imperative determinants explaining the origin of several viruses which were either identified decades back or are recognized lately using metagenomic approaches Several notifiable emerging viruses like influenza, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, Hendra, Nipah and Zika viruses have become the leading causes of epidemics and losses thereto in both human and animals The sufferings are higher due to gastroenteritis causing viruses including Astrovirus, Calicivirus, Enterovirus, Kobuvirus Picobirnavirus, Sapelovirus, Teschovirus, and many more Notably, the majority of the emerging viruses enclose RNA genome and these are more prone for insertions/mutation in their genome, leading to evolving viral variants Rapidity in viral evolution becomes a big hitch in the development process of successful vaccines or antiviral The prominent gastroenteric virus is rotavirus, which is a double-stranded RNA virus with a segmented nature of genome enabling higher reassortment events and generates unusual strains with unique genomic constellations derivative of parental rotavirus strains Although most rotaviruses appear to be host restricted, the interspecies transmission of rotaviruses has been well documented across the globe The nocturnal bats have been accepted harbouring many pathogenic viruses and serving as natural reservoirs Indications are that bats can also harbour rotaviruses, and help in virus spread The zooanthroponotic and anthropozoonotic potential of rotaviruses has significant implications for rotavirus epidemiology Hitherto reports confirm infection of humans through rotaviruses of animal origin, exclusively via direct transmission or through gene reassortments between animal and human strain of rotaviruses There is a need to understand the ecology and evolutionary biology of emerging rotavirus strains to design effective control programs","PeriodicalId":23111,"journal":{"name":"The Open Virology Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84583746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.2174/1874357901913010029
B. M. T. Gorish, M. E. H. Ournasseir, I. Shammat
All the BKV LTAg gene sequences derived from Sudanese patients were classified with Subtype-1 BKV strains from Iran and Japan. Translated protein alignment showed that some isolates had identical amino acids with Iranian and Japanese strains, whereas others had a silent mutation. Interestingly, a point mutation was identified in the sequences of isolate 5 and 8 where adenine nucleotide (A) was replaced with Cytosine (C) at position 276, resulting in amino acid substitution.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of BK Polyomavirus’ Large T Antigen Gene Sequences Detected in Prostate Cancer Tissues of Sudanese Patients","authors":"B. M. T. Gorish, M. E. H. Ournasseir, I. Shammat","doi":"10.2174/1874357901913010029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874357901913010029","url":null,"abstract":"All the BKV LTAg gene sequences derived from Sudanese patients were classified with Subtype-1 BKV strains from Iran and Japan. Translated protein alignment showed that some isolates had identical amino acids with Iranian and Japanese strains, whereas others had a silent mutation. Interestingly, a point mutation was identified in the sequences of isolate 5 and 8 where adenine nucleotide (A) was replaced with Cytosine (C) at position 276, resulting in amino acid substitution.","PeriodicalId":23111,"journal":{"name":"The Open Virology Journal","volume":"244 1","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74892262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.2174/1874357901913010018
A. Souiri, M. Zemzami, Hayat Laatiris, S. Amzazi, M. Ennaji
Throughout the past few years, Pepino Mosaic Virus (PepMV) has rapidly evolved from an emerging virus to endemic pathogen that causes significant losses in tomato crops worldwide. Reliable detection and molecular characterization are very important tools to support disease control. Cross-protection can also be an effective strategy, but the efficacy depends strongly on the genotype. The genetic composition of the PepMV population in Morocco has not yet been determined. The current study aims to genetically characterize twelve PepMV isolates (PepMV-MA), all from different Moroccan tomato production areas, by analyzing nucleotide sequences of a part of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), Triple Gene Block (TGB) and Coat Protein (CP) genes. The sequence analysis of the twelve PepMV-MA isolates shows minor nucleotide differences between them, which implies a homogenous population. The phylogenetic analysis, based on the comparison with the major genotypes, showed that Moroccan PepMV populations share a very high sequence identity, 98%, with the Chilean strain (CH2), while the shared identity with the European strains (EU) is only 85%. Interestingly, Moroccan isolates reveal specific single nucleotide polymorphisms, some of which lead to amino acids changes. These mutations have never been described before, suggesting distinct variants that may enhance aggressiveness and symptomatology. Our careful sequence analysis and genotype determination, which placing homogenous Moroccan PepMV strains into CH2 genotype, would be a prerequisite for deploying effective cross-protection strategies for controlling the pathogen in the field.
{"title":"Genetic Characterization of Pepino Mosaic Virus Isolates from Morocco","authors":"A. Souiri, M. Zemzami, Hayat Laatiris, S. Amzazi, M. Ennaji","doi":"10.2174/1874357901913010018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874357901913010018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Throughout the past few years, Pepino Mosaic Virus (PepMV) has rapidly evolved from an emerging virus to endemic pathogen that causes significant losses in tomato crops worldwide. Reliable detection and molecular characterization are very important tools to support disease control. Cross-protection can also be an effective strategy, but the efficacy depends strongly on the genotype. The genetic composition of the PepMV population in Morocco has not yet been determined.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The current study aims to genetically characterize twelve PepMV isolates (PepMV-MA), all from different Moroccan tomato production areas, by analyzing nucleotide sequences of a part of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), Triple Gene Block (TGB) and Coat Protein (CP) genes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The sequence analysis of the twelve PepMV-MA isolates shows minor nucleotide differences between them, which implies a homogenous population. The phylogenetic analysis, based on the comparison with the major genotypes, showed that Moroccan PepMV populations share a very high sequence identity, 98%, with the Chilean strain (CH2), while the shared identity with the European strains (EU) is only 85%. Interestingly, Moroccan isolates reveal specific single nucleotide polymorphisms, some of which lead to amino acids changes. These mutations have never been described before, suggesting distinct variants that may enhance aggressiveness and symptomatology.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our careful sequence analysis and genotype determination, which placing homogenous Moroccan PepMV strains into CH2 genotype, would be a prerequisite for deploying effective cross-protection strategies for controlling the pathogen in the field.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23111,"journal":{"name":"The Open Virology Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83461934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.2174/1874357901913010009
H. Ouédraogo, S. Kouanda, S. Goodman, Hermann B Lanou, O. Ky-Zerbo, Benoît Cesaire Samadoulougou, Charlemagne Dabiré, M. Camara, Y. Traoré, S. Baral, N. Barro
Female Sex Workers (FSW) have increased vulnerability to viral hepatitis B, C and D transmission. Our study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis B, C and D viruses and their associated factors among FSW in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.This is a cross-sectional study among FSW at least 18 years old in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Data were collected from February 2013 to May 2013 using Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS). Hepatitis B, C, and D tests were performed on FSW storage serums using fourth generation ELISA kits. Survey-weighted bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using Stata version 14 to identify factors associated with viral hepatitis infections.Population-weighted prevalence of viral hepatitis infections in FSW was respectively 18.2% (95%CI: 14.4-22.9) for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), 10.6% (95%CI: 07.5-14.8) for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and 1.5% (95Cl: 0.2-10.3) for Hepatitis D Virus (HDV). Factors independently associated with HCV include positive HIV status, inconsistent condom use during the last 12 months, condom reuse with clients, sex with clients in the street, bars or public gardens. No sociodemographic or behavioral factors were independently associated with HBV infection.The prevalence of HBV and HCV was high among FSW and the prevalence of HDV was relatively low in this group in Burkina Faso. These findings suggest urgent and comprehensive prevention of these viruses through education for safer sex and behaviors, and immunization against HBV for FSW.
{"title":"Hepatitis B, C and Delta Viruses’ Infections and Correlate Factors Among Female Sex Workers in Burkina Faso, West-Africa","authors":"H. Ouédraogo, S. Kouanda, S. Goodman, Hermann B Lanou, O. Ky-Zerbo, Benoît Cesaire Samadoulougou, Charlemagne Dabiré, M. Camara, Y. Traoré, S. Baral, N. Barro","doi":"10.2174/1874357901913010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874357901913010009","url":null,"abstract":"Female Sex Workers (FSW) have increased vulnerability to viral hepatitis B, C and D transmission. Our study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis B, C and D viruses and their associated factors among FSW in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.This is a cross-sectional study among FSW at least 18 years old in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Data were collected from February 2013 to May 2013 using Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS). Hepatitis B, C, and D tests were performed on FSW storage serums using fourth generation ELISA kits. Survey-weighted bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using Stata version 14 to identify factors associated with viral hepatitis infections.Population-weighted prevalence of viral hepatitis infections in FSW was respectively 18.2% (95%CI: 14.4-22.9) for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), 10.6% (95%CI: 07.5-14.8) for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and 1.5% (95Cl: 0.2-10.3) for Hepatitis D Virus (HDV). Factors independently associated with HCV include positive HIV status, inconsistent condom use during the last 12 months, condom reuse with clients, sex with clients in the street, bars or public gardens. No sociodemographic or behavioral factors were independently associated with HBV infection.The prevalence of HBV and HCV was high among FSW and the prevalence of HDV was relatively low in this group in Burkina Faso. These findings suggest urgent and comprehensive prevention of these viruses through education for safer sex and behaviors, and immunization against HBV for FSW.","PeriodicalId":23111,"journal":{"name":"The Open Virology Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80123229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.2174/1874357901913010001
Y. Nguyen, A. Lebreil, P. Simphal, C. Pietrement, N. Bednarek, P. Orquevaux, P. Gretteau, L. Andréoletti
The impact of Enterovirus Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction assay (EV RT-PCR) on hospitalization lengths of patients with aseptic meningitis has been investigated but the impact of early EV RT-PCR results released on time before patient discharge remains unclear during Echovirus meningitis outbreaks. To assess a potential correlation between EV RT-PCR turn-around time and hospitalization lengths during an Echovirus meningitis outbreak. Eighteen patients demonstrating a positive EV RT-PCR assay performed on Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) samples collected between October 1st 2014 and December 31st 2014 were retrospectively included. Viral protein 1 (VP1) gene region was amplified and sequenced using a classical Sanger sequencing reaction. Clinical data were retrospectively collected from patient’s records. Quantitative variables expressed as median values and ranges were compared using Mann Whitney U test. Correlations were performed using simple regression analysis. Phylogenetic VP1 sequence analyses identified that the outbreak was related to an Echovirus 30 strain in 7 out of the 10 cases with available sequencing data. The three remaining sequences analyses evidenced Echovirus 14, 9 and 7 strains. Hospitalization length was statistically shorter in children without comorbidity (n=5) than in adult patients (n=10) or neonates and children with comorbidity (n=3) (p=0.003 and 0.01 respectively), whereas EV RT-PCR turnaround time was not statistically different between these groups. Correlation between hospitalization length and EV RT-PCR turnaround time was poor (R2=0.06), especially in adults (R2=0.01) Our data indicated that EV RT-PCR turnaround time was not correlated to hospitalization length during a short Echovirus meningitis outbreak.
{"title":"Impact of Enterovirus Molecular Assay Turnaround Time on Hospitalization Length During an Echovirus 30 Meningitis Outbreak, France, Fall 2014","authors":"Y. Nguyen, A. Lebreil, P. Simphal, C. Pietrement, N. Bednarek, P. Orquevaux, P. Gretteau, L. Andréoletti","doi":"10.2174/1874357901913010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874357901913010001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The impact of Enterovirus Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction assay (EV RT-PCR) on hospitalization lengths of patients with aseptic meningitis has been investigated but the impact of early EV RT-PCR results released on time before patient discharge remains unclear during Echovirus meningitis outbreaks.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To assess a potential correlation between EV RT-PCR turn-around time and hospitalization lengths during an Echovirus meningitis outbreak.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Eighteen patients demonstrating a positive EV RT-PCR assay performed on Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) samples collected between October 1st 2014 and December 31st 2014 were retrospectively included. Viral protein 1 (VP1) gene region was amplified and sequenced using a classical Sanger sequencing reaction. Clinical data were retrospectively collected from patient’s records. Quantitative variables expressed as median values and ranges were compared using Mann Whitney U test. Correlations were performed using simple regression analysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Phylogenetic VP1 sequence analyses identified that the outbreak was related to an Echovirus 30 strain in 7 out of the 10 cases with available sequencing data. The three remaining sequences analyses evidenced Echovirus 14, 9 and 7 strains. Hospitalization length was statistically shorter in children without comorbidity (n=5) than in adult patients (n=10) or neonates and children with comorbidity (n=3) (p=0.003 and 0.01 respectively), whereas EV RT-PCR turnaround time was not statistically different between these groups. Correlation between hospitalization length and EV RT-PCR turnaround time was poor (R2=0.06), especially in adults (R2=0.01)\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our data indicated that EV RT-PCR turnaround time was not correlated to hospitalization length during a short Echovirus meningitis outbreak.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23111,"journal":{"name":"The Open Virology Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79272186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-21DOI: 10.2174/1874357901812010149
Maryann Chinenye Ezeilo, G. Engwa, R. I. Iroha, Damian Nonso Odimegwu
The lack of a vaccine for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) places children at a high risk of contracting the infection. It becomes necessary to accurately diagnose this infection for proper treatment as well as identifying potential risk factors for effective management.This study was conceived to assess the test performance of the commonly used Immunochromatographic test (ICT) strip and identify the associated clinical manifestations and risk factors of HCV in children in Enugu Metropolis.A cross-sectional study involving randomly selected 270 children below six years of age was conducted in Enugu Nigeria. The subjects were screened for anti-HCV by ICT and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and the demographic, signs and symptoms and risk factors were collected.A total of 50 out of 270 children were positive for anti-HCV with a seropositivity of 18.5%. ICT strip had a very low sensitivity of 38.00% with an accuracy of 88.52% in detecting anti-HCV. The presence of dark urine was associated (p= 0.01) with HCV infection.A seroprevalence of 18.5% of Anti-HCV was found in children below six years old in Enugu metropolis and the performance of ICT in diagnosing HCV infection was poor compared to ELISA.
{"title":"High Anti-HCV Seroprevalence and Low Performance of ICT Strip in Diagnosing Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Children in Enugu Metropolis","authors":"Maryann Chinenye Ezeilo, G. Engwa, R. I. Iroha, Damian Nonso Odimegwu","doi":"10.2174/1874357901812010149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874357901812010149","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of a vaccine for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) places children at a high risk of contracting the infection. It becomes necessary to accurately diagnose this infection for proper treatment as well as identifying potential risk factors for effective management.This study was conceived to assess the test performance of the commonly used Immunochromatographic test (ICT) strip and identify the associated clinical manifestations and risk factors of HCV in children in Enugu Metropolis.A cross-sectional study involving randomly selected 270 children below six years of age was conducted in Enugu Nigeria. The subjects were screened for anti-HCV by ICT and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and the demographic, signs and symptoms and risk factors were collected.A total of 50 out of 270 children were positive for anti-HCV with a seropositivity of 18.5%. ICT strip had a very low sensitivity of 38.00% with an accuracy of 88.52% in detecting anti-HCV. The presence of dark urine was associated (p= 0.01) with HCV infection.A seroprevalence of 18.5% of Anti-HCV was found in children below six years old in Enugu metropolis and the performance of ICT in diagnosing HCV infection was poor compared to ELISA.","PeriodicalId":23111,"journal":{"name":"The Open Virology Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82168477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：