Dileep Kumar, Pramendra Yadav, Priyanka, Anurag Yadav, U. Dwivedi, K. Yadav
Papaya is one of the most important nutritional and medicinal fruit crops in the world. In this context, present study was aimed to analyse genetic diversity of 12 dioecious and gynodioecious varieties of papaya using 42 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. Out of these 42 primers, 33 primers amplified 150 polymorphic bands with an average 4.54 polymorphic bands/primer. These 150 markers were used for estimation of Jaccard similarity coefficient which was in the range of 0.355 to 0.733. Two varieties namely Honey dew and Majestic showed highest similarity (0.733), followed by Surya and Vinayak (0.687) while Majestic and Mohini showed least similarity (0.355), followed by Ajeet and Mohini (0.381). This similarity matrix was used for cluster analysis using software Free Tree. In the UPGMA based dendrogram four distinct clusters were obtained in which one variety Mohini showed highest diversity with other varieties of papaya. Results of principal components analysis (PCA) was similar to that obtained by UPGMA clustering. Genetic diversity analysis obtained by these two methods showed that papaya cultivars and hybrids possess narrow level of genetic diversity.
{"title":"Genetic Diversity Analysis among Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Varieties using RAPD Markers","authors":"Dileep Kumar, Pramendra Yadav, Priyanka, Anurag Yadav, U. Dwivedi, K. Yadav","doi":"10.18689/ijtma-1000105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18689/ijtma-1000105","url":null,"abstract":"Papaya is one of the most important nutritional and medicinal fruit crops in the world. In this context, present study was aimed to analyse genetic diversity of 12 dioecious and gynodioecious varieties of papaya using 42 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. Out of these 42 primers, 33 primers amplified 150 polymorphic bands with an average 4.54 polymorphic bands/primer. These 150 markers were used for estimation of Jaccard similarity coefficient which was in the range of 0.355 to 0.733. Two varieties namely Honey dew and Majestic showed highest similarity (0.733), followed by Surya and Vinayak (0.687) while Majestic and Mohini showed least similarity (0.355), followed by Ajeet and Mohini (0.381). This similarity matrix was used for cluster analysis using software Free Tree. In the UPGMA based dendrogram four distinct clusters were obtained in which one variety Mohini showed highest diversity with other varieties of papaya. Results of principal components analysis (PCA) was similar to that obtained by UPGMA clustering. Genetic diversity analysis obtained by these two methods showed that papaya cultivars and hybrids possess narrow level of genetic diversity.","PeriodicalId":231180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Traditional Medicine and Applications","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127232996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mizaj (temperament) is one of the basic and fundamental concepts of Unani system of medicine. Every individual has its own unique temperament. Hair is the driest organ of the body. The climate of different countries differ and their inhabitants are affected by it, hence it has clear that temperament of people of different places cannot be the same, just as the complexion of people of different places differ, so does their hair. In fact variety of hair is an obvious evidence of variety of temperament. In this study hair thickness and hair colour were studied in 70 volunteers of different temperament. It was found that the volunteers of Safravi mizaj have thick and dark hair, Balghami mizaj volunteers have thin and light hair colour and Damvi mizaj volunteers have hair thickness and colour between Safravi and Balghami mizaj volunteers.
{"title":"Determination of Temperament with the help of Hair Thickness and Colour","authors":"M. Nasir","doi":"10.18689/ijtma-1000104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18689/ijtma-1000104","url":null,"abstract":"Mizaj (temperament) is one of the basic and fundamental concepts of Unani system of medicine. Every individual has its own unique temperament. Hair is the driest organ of the body. The climate of different countries differ and their inhabitants are affected by it, hence it has clear that temperament of people of different places cannot be the same, just as the complexion of people of different places differ, so does their hair. In fact variety of hair is an obvious evidence of variety of temperament. In this study hair thickness and hair colour were studied in 70 volunteers of different temperament. It was found that the volunteers of Safravi mizaj have thick and dark hair, Balghami mizaj volunteers have thin and light hair colour and Damvi mizaj volunteers have hair thickness and colour between Safravi and Balghami mizaj volunteers.","PeriodicalId":231180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Traditional Medicine and Applications","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125781170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the present study is to investigate the anti arthritic activity of ethyl acetate fraction Tephrosia purpurea Linn leaves (TPEAF) at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and Rutin at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight on FCA induced arthritis in experimental rats. Arthritis was induced by injecting a 0.1 ml suspension of killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria (0.1% w/v) homogenized in liquid paraffin (Freund’s complete adjuvant, FCA) into the right hind paw. Evaluation parameters such as Arthritic index, Paw edema was determined on respective days of experiment and pain perception parameters such as dorsal flexion pain, Stair climbing activity, and Motility score was recorded. The biochemical parameters like serum transaminases, hematological parameters, CRP (Creactive protein), RF (Rheumatoid factor) level were determined. From all the investigations it has been observed that TPEAF and Rutin showed significantly decreased in paw edema. The altered hematological parameters (Hb, RBC, WBC, ESR, CRP, and RP) in the arthritic rats were significantly recovered to normal by administration of TPEAF and Rutin. Further, the radiological studies revealed TPEAF and Rutin showed anti-arthritic activity by indicating less abnormality in bone when compared to the disease control group. Findings from the present investigations showed that the TPEAF and Rutin exhibit significant anti-arthritic activity.
{"title":"The Potential Effect of Ethyl Acetate fraction of Tephrosia Purpurea Linn Leaves (tpeaf) and Rutin in FCA induced Arthritis in experimental Animals","authors":"S. Nipate, Chhaya S Chougule, Pramila S. Yelmar","doi":"10.18689/ijtma-1000103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18689/ijtma-1000103","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study is to investigate the anti arthritic activity of ethyl acetate fraction Tephrosia purpurea Linn leaves (TPEAF) at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and Rutin at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight on FCA induced arthritis in experimental rats. Arthritis was induced by injecting a 0.1 ml suspension of killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria (0.1% w/v) homogenized in liquid paraffin (Freund’s complete adjuvant, FCA) into the right hind paw. Evaluation parameters such as Arthritic index, Paw edema was determined on respective days of experiment and pain perception parameters such as dorsal flexion pain, Stair climbing activity, and Motility score was recorded. The biochemical parameters like serum transaminases, hematological parameters, CRP (Creactive protein), RF (Rheumatoid factor) level were determined. From all the investigations it has been observed that TPEAF and Rutin showed significantly decreased in paw edema. The altered hematological parameters (Hb, RBC, WBC, ESR, CRP, and RP) in the arthritic rats were significantly recovered to normal by administration of TPEAF and Rutin. Further, the radiological studies revealed TPEAF and Rutin showed anti-arthritic activity by indicating less abnormality in bone when compared to the disease control group. Findings from the present investigations showed that the TPEAF and Rutin exhibit significant anti-arthritic activity.","PeriodicalId":231180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Traditional Medicine and Applications","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128761162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials and Methods: Rutin ethosomes using butylated hydroxytoulene (BHT) as permeation enhancer were prepared by cold method. The optimization of rutin ethosomes were done by using 23 factorial design with the help of design expert software (version 8.0). The optimized rutin ethosomes formulation were then characterized for vesicular shape, size of the particle and the size distribution by using scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and stability studies. The percutaneous studies of optimized rutin ethosomes with permeation enhancer were done by a specially designed franz diffusion cell by using pig ear skin and the results were studied using DD solver 8 software.
{"title":"Development of Rutin Ethosomes for Enhanced Skin Permeation","authors":"A. Dhiman, Deepika Singh, K. Fatima, G. Zia","doi":"10.18689/ijtma-1000102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18689/ijtma-1000102","url":null,"abstract":"Materials and Methods: Rutin ethosomes using butylated hydroxytoulene (BHT) as permeation enhancer were prepared by cold method. The optimization of rutin ethosomes were done by using 23 factorial design with the help of design expert software (version 8.0). The optimized rutin ethosomes formulation were then characterized for vesicular shape, size of the particle and the size distribution by using scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and stability studies. The percutaneous studies of optimized rutin ethosomes with permeation enhancer were done by a specially designed franz diffusion cell by using pig ear skin and the results were studied using DD solver 8 software.","PeriodicalId":231180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Traditional Medicine and Applications","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127485688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity Studies of Linga Chenduram","authors":"S. Murugesan","doi":"10.18689/ijtma-1000101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18689/ijtma-1000101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":231180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Traditional Medicine and Applications","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122211222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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