U. Ruba, K. Chakma, Md. Panna Ali, Ahasan Ullah Khan, M. Talucder
The recent trend of Pesticide use is accelerating for agricultural production purposes. Its importance is immense for controlling pests in developing countries like Bangladesh. But the imprudent application is increasing at an alarming rate due to which environmental degradation is increasing, which is not still under investigation. Despite the various pest control methods, chemical pesticides (hereafter pesticides) are more popular among Bangladeshi farmers because of their low cost and rapid action. The continuous popularity of pesticides application adversely affects the environment, and eventually, human throughout the country. Hence a systematic review was initiated utilizing the secondary information to overview the hazardous impact or prevailed pollution due to the application of pesticides in the context of the environment, related organisms, and human health. The analysis revealed that pollution-related problem arises mostly due to the unregulated use of pesticides. Therefore, excessive pesticide usage such as pollutes the air, soil, and water and kills non-target organisms, causing an ecological imbalance. Lack of protection exposes farmers to acute illnesses, toxic compounds in the food cycle, and the mass population to chronic health issues. Thus, to minimize pesticides' environmental, and health effects, concerns should be given on the judicious application of pesticides, raising awareness regarding pesticide use. Policymakers should focus on raising awareness regarding the use of pesticides, implementing effective pesticide usage laws at the root level, optimizing reasonable use, participatory program implementation for farmers' training, good governance and regulatory mechanisms, frequent inspection at the field level, and appropriate actions and strategies for promoting eco-friendly methods.
{"title":"Environmental Pollution from Injudicious Application of Pesticides: Bangladesh Context","authors":"U. Ruba, K. Chakma, Md. Panna Ali, Ahasan Ullah Khan, M. Talucder","doi":"10.55706/jae1606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1606","url":null,"abstract":"The recent trend of Pesticide use is accelerating for agricultural production purposes. Its importance is immense for controlling pests in developing countries like Bangladesh. But the imprudent application is increasing at an alarming rate due to which environmental degradation is increasing, which is not still under investigation. Despite the various pest control methods, chemical pesticides (hereafter pesticides) are more popular among Bangladeshi farmers because of their low cost and rapid action. The continuous popularity of pesticides application adversely affects the environment, and eventually, human throughout the country. Hence a systematic review was initiated utilizing the secondary information to overview the hazardous impact or prevailed pollution due to the application of pesticides in the context of the environment, related organisms, and human health. The analysis revealed that pollution-related problem arises mostly due to the unregulated use of pesticides. Therefore, excessive pesticide usage such as pollutes the air, soil, and water and kills non-target organisms, causing an ecological imbalance. Lack of protection exposes farmers to acute illnesses, toxic compounds in the food cycle, and the mass population to chronic health issues. Thus, to minimize pesticides' environmental, and health effects, concerns should be given on the judicious application of pesticides, raising awareness regarding pesticide use. Policymakers should focus on raising awareness regarding the use of pesticides, implementing effective pesticide usage laws at the root level, optimizing reasonable use, participatory program implementation for farmers' training, good governance and regulatory mechanisms, frequent inspection at the field level, and appropriate actions and strategies for promoting eco-friendly methods.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133981274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moudud Ahmod, Md. Sazidur Rahman, S. Moonmoon, M. S. Hossain, Md. Kamrul Hasan, Md. Masudur Rahman
Preparation of biochar from kitchen waste could be a potential way of waste management. This research aimed to prepare biochar and compost from kitchen waste and test their effects on the yield and biomass production of maize. We separated kitchen waste from municipal waste to prepare biochar, compost and ComBio (co-composting with biochar). Four fertilizer combinations viz. T0 = Recommended doses of chemical fertilizer (RDF), T1= biochar (20 t ha-1) + RDF, T2= compost (15 t ha-1) + 75% RDF and T3= ComBio (15 t ha-1) + 50% RDF were used to grow maize. Maize biomass, yield attributing characters and basic soil properties after harvesting maize were measured. Data explored that up to 50% reduction of chemical fertilizer has an insignificant effect on the growth and biomass accumulation of maize. Similarly, yield and yield contributing characteristics of maize such as cob length, cob diameter, the weight of 1000-grains and yield did not vary among the treatments. Further, soil pH, EC, TDS and SOM contents were higher in biochar treated soil compared to other treatments. The results indicate that the application of biochar has the potential to reduce the chemical fertilizer dose of maize by improving soil properties, a prerequisite issue for sustainable crop production.
从厨余垃圾中制备生物炭可能是一种潜在的废物管理方法。本研究旨在利用餐厨垃圾制备生物炭和堆肥，并测试其对玉米产量和生物量生产的影响。我们将厨余垃圾从城市垃圾中分离出来，制备生物炭、堆肥和ComBio(与生物炭共同堆肥)。玉米种植采用4种肥料组合，即T0 =推荐用量的化肥(RDF)， T1=生物炭(20 t ha-1) + RDF, T2=堆肥(15 t ha-1) + 75% RDF和T3= ComBio (15 t ha-1) + 50% RDF。测定了玉米收获后的玉米生物量、产量属性特征和土壤基本性状。研究发现，减量50%以内对玉米生长和生物量积累的影响不显著。玉米的穗轴长、穗轴直径、千粒重和产量等产量和产量贡献特性在不同处理间也没有变化。此外，生物炭处理土壤pH、EC、TDS和SOM含量均高于其他处理。结果表明，施用生物炭有可能通过改善土壤性质来减少玉米的化肥用量，这是作物可持续生产的先决条件。
{"title":"Kitchen Waste Biochar Reduces Inorganic Nourishments of Maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"Moudud Ahmod, Md. Sazidur Rahman, S. Moonmoon, M. S. Hossain, Md. Kamrul Hasan, Md. Masudur Rahman","doi":"10.55706/jae1603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1603","url":null,"abstract":"Preparation of biochar from kitchen waste could be a potential way of waste management. This research aimed to prepare biochar and compost from kitchen waste and test their effects on the yield and biomass production of maize. We separated kitchen waste from municipal waste to prepare biochar, compost and ComBio (co-composting with biochar). Four fertilizer combinations viz. T0 = Recommended doses of chemical fertilizer (RDF), T1= biochar (20 t ha-1) + RDF, T2= compost (15 t ha-1) + 75% RDF and T3= ComBio (15 t ha-1) + 50% RDF were used to grow maize. Maize biomass, yield attributing characters and basic soil properties after harvesting maize were measured. Data explored that up to 50% reduction of chemical fertilizer has an insignificant effect on the growth and biomass accumulation of maize. Similarly, yield and yield contributing characteristics of maize such as cob length, cob diameter, the weight of 1000-grains and yield did not vary among the treatments. Further, soil pH, EC, TDS and SOM contents were higher in biochar treated soil compared to other treatments. The results indicate that the application of biochar has the potential to reduce the chemical fertilizer dose of maize by improving soil properties, a prerequisite issue for sustainable crop production.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115589575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Abu Sayed Robi, Sanjia Jahir Prova, Subrata N. Das, Md. Ashraf-Ul-Alam Mridha, M. Talucder, Md. Sharaf Uddin
The diabetic plant (Gynura procumbens) also recognized as a diabetic plant, contains many medicinal values but is rarely available in local markets and near at hand. Indoor gardening can help in getting the plant within reach easily. The research was conducted to investigate the growth performance of G. procumbens under various organic amendments and shade levels. The experiment was consisted of two factors: different organic amendments and shade levels. Under the first factor, three organic amendments, namely O1= Cow dung, O2= vermicompost, and O3= Trichocompost were included and under the second factor, two shade levelsviz. S1= Full shade (4×100 lux) and S2= Semi-shade (125×100 lux) were imposed. The experiment was designed in a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Plant height (cm), number of leaves, and number of stems per plant were measured and statistically analyzed at 50, 80, and 110 days after transplanting. Means were compared with the DMRT values. Results revealed that, the treatment combination of trichocompost and semi-shade (O3S2) showed highly significant maximum number of leaves (159.33) and stems (18.67) at 110 DAT (p ≤ 0.01). Trichocompost (O3) under semi-shade (S2) condition performed as the best practice for G. procumbens plant growth. Therefore, application of trichocompost under semi-shade conditions could be recommended for Gynura procumbens cultivation.
{"title":"Effect of Organic Amendments and Shade Levels on Growth Performances of Diabetic Plant (Gynura procumbens)","authors":"Md. Abu Sayed Robi, Sanjia Jahir Prova, Subrata N. Das, Md. Ashraf-Ul-Alam Mridha, M. Talucder, Md. Sharaf Uddin","doi":"10.55706/jae1604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1604","url":null,"abstract":"The diabetic plant (Gynura procumbens) also recognized as a diabetic plant, contains many medicinal values but is rarely available in local markets and near at hand. Indoor gardening can help in getting the plant within reach easily. The research was conducted to investigate the growth performance of G. procumbens under various organic amendments and shade levels. The experiment was consisted of two factors: different organic amendments and shade levels. Under the first factor, three organic amendments, namely O1= Cow dung, O2= vermicompost, and O3= Trichocompost were included and under the second factor, two shade levelsviz. S1= Full shade (4×100 lux) and S2= Semi-shade (125×100 lux) were imposed. The experiment was designed in a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Plant height (cm), number of leaves, and number of stems per plant were measured and statistically analyzed at 50, 80, and 110 days after transplanting. Means were compared with the DMRT values. Results revealed that, the treatment combination of trichocompost and semi-shade (O3S2) showed highly significant maximum number of leaves (159.33) and stems (18.67) at 110 DAT (p ≤ 0.01). Trichocompost (O3) under semi-shade (S2) condition performed as the best practice for G. procumbens plant growth. Therefore, application of trichocompost under semi-shade conditions could be recommended for Gynura procumbens cultivation.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131017626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poor soil quality and decreasing crop yields brought on by ongoing monocropping in the fields of small-scale farmers in Bangladesh have demanded a search for sustainable production methods that are more resource efficient and environmentally friendly. Conservation agriculture is such a beneficial approach that effectively addresses crop productivity and soil quality enhancements using locally available resources. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the impacts of conservation agricultural practices on the growth and yield of summer vegetables cultivated in the northern region of Bangladesh. The study was carried out at farmers field situated in the Chilmari upazila of Kurigram district using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications during July to September 2020. The trial vegetables, i.e., Red amaranth, Kangkong and Indian spinach had showed the better yield of 4.95 t/ha, 14.5 t/ha and 19.5 t/ha in compared with traditionally cultivated vegetable cultivated methods in the farmers field, according the conservation agriculture method had enhanced vegetable yield. As part of conservation agriculture practices, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels, as well as pH for better crop production, were all positively increase with the implications of conservation techniques like, adding organic manure, minimal tillage, permanent crop residues and crop rotation. Therefore, the study came to the conclusion that traditional agriculture would need to adopt conservation agriculture methods in order to produce more food while using fewer resources and doing so in a more efficient manner while having the least possible negative effects on the environment.
{"title":"Production of Summer Vegetables Using Conservation Agriculture Techniques: Experiences from Northern Bangladesh","authors":"K. Islam, A. Toppo, B. Biswas, M. Ekka","doi":"10.55706/jae1602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1602","url":null,"abstract":"Poor soil quality and decreasing crop yields brought on by ongoing monocropping in the fields of small-scale farmers in Bangladesh have demanded a search for sustainable production methods that are more resource efficient and environmentally friendly. Conservation agriculture is such a beneficial approach that effectively addresses crop productivity and soil quality enhancements using locally available resources. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the impacts of conservation agricultural practices on the growth and yield of summer vegetables cultivated in the northern region of Bangladesh. The study was carried out at farmers field situated in the Chilmari upazila of Kurigram district using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications during July to September 2020. The trial vegetables, i.e., Red amaranth, Kangkong and Indian spinach had showed the better yield of 4.95 t/ha, 14.5 t/ha and 19.5 t/ha in compared with traditionally cultivated vegetable cultivated methods in the farmers field, according the conservation agriculture method had enhanced vegetable yield. As part of conservation agriculture practices, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels, as well as pH for better crop production, were all positively increase with the implications of conservation techniques like, adding organic manure, minimal tillage, permanent crop residues and crop rotation. Therefore, the study came to the conclusion that traditional agriculture would need to adopt conservation agriculture methods in order to produce more food while using fewer resources and doing so in a more efficient manner while having the least possible negative effects on the environment.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116033711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shihab Sakib Eshan, M. Hossen, M. Islam, Md. Ariful Islam
Agrometeorological variables have a major impact on crop development and yield, known as crop phenology. The phenology of chickpea under various thermal regimes was evaluated in a field experiment during the rabi season of 2019–2020 at Ishwardi, Pabna district of Bangladesh. Three chickpea cultivars (V1 = BARI Chola 5, V2 = BARI Chola 10, and V3 = BARI Chola 11) were planted under irrigation in four temperature regimes (D1 = November 5, D2 = November 20, D3 = December 5, and D4 = December 20). Early sowing on November 5 had a larger growing degree day (GDD), 2135.5 C days from sowing to harvest, and later sowing on December 20 had a lower GDD (1743.4 C days). From planting to harvest, V1 required a greater GDD (1971.5C days) while V3 required a lower GDD (1805.8 C days). Average heliothermal unit (HTU) varied from 11764.07 C day hrs (D4) to 13879.4 C day hrs (D1). Variety V1 required 13757.85°C day hrs HTU, while V2 and V3 required 13347.05°C day hrs and 11636.8 °C day hrs, respectively. The number of days needed from planting to harvest under D1, D2, D3, and D4 growing conditions were 136.3, 122.6, 118.6, and 107.4 days, respectively. Growth and yield were better for V1 and V2 under D1 settings, but they were lower under D3 conditions, while V3 was better under D2 conditions. BARI Chola 11 among the genotypes was harvested much more quickly and produced more effectively in late-sowing conditions. Physiological maturity and grain yield can be predicted with 92% and 99% accuracy, respectively, using cumulative GDD and HTU. Therefore, the study recommended that different thermal conditions and cultivars' reactions to heat utilization and economic yield have a substantial impact on chickpea cultivar yields.
农业气象变量对作物发育和产量有重大影响，称为作物物候。2019-2020年rabi季，在孟加拉国帕布纳县伊什瓦尔迪进行了一项田间试验，评估了鹰嘴豆在不同热环境下的物候特征。以3个鹰嘴豆品种(V1 = BARI Chola 5、V2 = BARI Chola 10、V3 = BARI Chola 11)为研究对象，在D1 = 11月5日、D2 = 11月20日、D3 = 12月5日、D4 = 12月20日4种温度条件下进行灌溉种植。11月5日早播的生长度日(GDD)较大，从播种到收获的时间为2135.5颈椎颈椎d, 12月20日晚播的GDD较低，为1743.4颈椎颈椎d。从种植到收获，V1需要更大的GDD(1971.5个星期)，而V3需要更低的GDD(1805.8个星期)。平均日温单位(HTU)在11764.07 - 13879.4 (D1)之间变化。品种V1需要13757.85°C天小时，V2和V3分别需要13347.05°C和11636.8°C天小时。D1、D2、D3和D4生长条件下从播种到收获所需天数分别为136.3、122.6、118.6和107.4 d。D1条件下V1和V2的生长和产量较好，D3条件下较低，D2条件下V3较好。BARI Chola 11基因型在晚播条件下收获更快，生产效率更高。利用累积GDD和HTU预测生理成熟度和籽粒产量的准确率分别为92%和99%。因此，研究表明，不同的热条件和品种对热利用的反应以及经济产量对鹰嘴豆品种产量有实质性影响。
{"title":"Chickpea Phenology and Yield Related to Agrometeorological Indices Under Different Temperature Regimes","authors":"Shihab Sakib Eshan, M. Hossen, M. Islam, Md. Ariful Islam","doi":"10.55706/jae1601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1601","url":null,"abstract":"Agrometeorological variables have a major impact on crop development and yield, known as crop phenology. The phenology of chickpea under various thermal regimes was evaluated in a field experiment during the rabi season of 2019–2020 at Ishwardi, Pabna district of Bangladesh. Three chickpea cultivars (V1 = BARI Chola 5, V2 = BARI Chola 10, and V3 = BARI Chola 11) were planted under irrigation in four temperature regimes (D1 = November 5, D2 = November 20, D3 = December 5, and D4 = December 20). Early sowing on November 5 had a larger growing degree day (GDD), 2135.5 C days from sowing to harvest, and later sowing on December 20 had a lower GDD (1743.4 C days). From planting to harvest, V1 required a greater GDD (1971.5C days) while V3 required a lower GDD (1805.8 C days). Average heliothermal unit (HTU) varied from 11764.07 C day hrs (D4) to 13879.4 C day hrs (D1). Variety V1 required 13757.85°C day hrs HTU, while V2 and V3 required 13347.05°C day hrs and 11636.8 °C day hrs, respectively. The number of days needed from planting to harvest under D1, D2, D3, and D4 growing conditions were 136.3, 122.6, 118.6, and 107.4 days, respectively. Growth and yield were better for V1 and V2 under D1 settings, but they were lower under D3 conditions, while V3 was better under D2 conditions. BARI Chola 11 among the genotypes was harvested much more quickly and produced more effectively in late-sowing conditions. Physiological maturity and grain yield can be predicted with 92% and 99% accuracy, respectively, using cumulative GDD and HTU. Therefore, the study recommended that different thermal conditions and cultivars' reactions to heat utilization and economic yield have a substantial impact on chickpea cultivar yields.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134406332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Nyambati, Samson Okoth Ojunga, P. Gachie, M. Okeyo
In Kenya, more than 60% of the population depends directly on forests and woodlands for their energy needs, wood for furniture and construction, as well as food and other non-timber forest products such as fruits, nuts and medicinal plants among others. Even though fruits are widely planted and consumed in the daily diet of local people and also as a source of income, little attention has been given to enhancing their production and commercialization. This study examined the adopted and grown fruit tree among small holder farmers and challenges they face in undertaking this agroforestry practice. The study employed a survey research design, which entails the description, recording, analyzing and reporting of current status of on-farm fruit trees. A multistage sampling was employed for household survey selection, where 906 households were randomly sampled within Busia, Siaya and Bungoma counties. The results indicated that major fruit trees grown include Persea america and Mangifera indica in both Bungoma and Busia counties, while Citrus sinensis and Mangifera indica fruits are common in Siaya. There were significant differences (F= 4.724, d.f = 16, p=0.02<0.05) between the different numbers of preferred fruits among small scale farmers. From the study, it is evident that there is a great potential fruit production leading to improved income generation through sale in local as well as export markets, food security and improved livelihoods for communities.
{"title":"Status of Fruit Trees Farming among Small Scale Farmers: A Case Study of Busia, Bungoma and Siaya Counties of Kenya","authors":"R. Nyambati, Samson Okoth Ojunga, P. Gachie, M. Okeyo","doi":"10.55706/jae1520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1520","url":null,"abstract":"In Kenya, more than 60% of the population depends directly on forests and woodlands for their energy needs, wood for furniture and construction, as well as food and other non-timber forest products such as fruits, nuts and medicinal plants among others. Even though fruits are widely planted and consumed in the daily diet of local people and also as a source of income, little attention has been given to enhancing their production and commercialization. This study examined the adopted and grown fruit tree among small holder farmers and challenges they face in undertaking this agroforestry practice. The study employed a survey research design, which entails the description, recording, analyzing and reporting of current status of on-farm fruit trees. A multistage sampling was employed for household survey selection, where 906 households were randomly sampled within Busia, Siaya and Bungoma counties. The results indicated that major fruit trees grown include Persea america and Mangifera indica in both Bungoma and Busia counties, while Citrus sinensis and Mangifera indica fruits are common in Siaya. There were significant differences (F= 4.724, d.f = 16, p=0.02<0.05) between the different numbers of preferred fruits among small scale farmers. From the study, it is evident that there is a great potential fruit production leading to improved income generation through sale in local as well as export markets, food security and improved livelihoods for communities.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131279062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Das, M. Hussain, P. Chakrabarty, A. Rahman, M. Talucder, M. Sharif, A. U. Khan
Integrated nutrient management is vital for the development and growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.), but they are rarely used nowadays due to the widespread use of inorganic fertilizers. So, the current research was executed to determine the effect of organic amendments on different growth parameters of BRRI dhan55. A field investigation was managed at the Plant Pathology field lab, Sylhet Agricultural University, from November 2018 to April 2019. Different combinations of organic amendments (T1= Recommended Fertilizer Dose, RFD which includes TSP 100g 10 m-2, MoP 100g 10 m-2, Gypsum 50g 10 m-2, Zinc 15g 10 m-2, T2= RFD with vermicompost 2kg 10 m-2, T3= RFD with vermicompost 4 kg 10 m-2, T4= RFD with cowdung 2 kg 10 m-2, T5= RFD with cowdung 4 kg 10 m-2, and T6= RFD with Biochar 4 kg 10 m-2) were used in a RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with three replications. The existing results showed that RFD with biochar treatments showed better performance in terms of the initial weight of grain (50.70 g), clean grain weight (48.55 g), and number of non-effective grains per panicle (27.67) and tiller per hill (12.07). T2 (RFD with vermicompost 2 kg 10 m-2) treatments demonstrated better results in parameters such as weight of grain from a single panicle (4.04 g), single panicle grain weight (3.90 g), panicle length (24.77 cm), and grain per panicle (153.00). Biomass (34.56 g) and above-ground length parameters (90.00 cm) performed better with the T4 treatment (RFD with 2 kg 10 m-2 of cowdung). T6 treatments were showed the highest grain yield (10.71 t ha-1) followed by T3 treatments. Therefore, the present results recommended that organic amendments could be a better supplement than inorganic amendments for the growth performance of BRRI dhan55.
综合养分管理对水稻的发育和生长至关重要，但由于无机肥料的广泛使用，目前很少采用综合养分管理。因此，本研究旨在确定有机改性剂对BRRI dhan55不同生长参数的影响。2018年11月至2019年4月，在Sylhet农业大学植物病理学野外实验室进行了实地调查。在随机完全区组设计(RCBD)中，使用不同的有机添加剂组合(T1=推荐肥料剂量，RFD包括TSP 100g 10m -2, MoP 100g 10m -2，石膏50g 10m -2，锌15g 10m -2, T2= RFD加蚯蚓堆肥2kg 10m -2, T3= RFD加蚯蚓堆肥4 kg 10m -2, T4= RFD加牛粪2kg 10m -2, T5= RFD加牛粪4 kg 10m -2, T6= RFD加生物炭4 kg 10m -2)，共3个重复。现有结果表明，生物炭处理的RFD在初始粒重(50.70 g)、净粒重(48.55 g)、每穗无效粒数(27.67粒)和每丘分蘖数(12.07粒)方面表现较好。T2(蚯蚓堆肥2 kg 10 m-2)处理在单穗粒重(4.04 g)、单穗粒重(3.90 g)、穗长(24.77 cm)和每穗粒数(153.00粒)等参数上均表现出较好的效果。生物量(34.56 g)和地上部长度参数(90.00 cm)在T4处理(RFD添加2 kg 10 m-2牛粪)中表现较好。T6处理籽粒产量最高(10.71 t hm -1)，其次是T3处理。因此，有机添加剂比无机添加剂更能提高BRRI dhan55的生长性能。
{"title":"Growth Performances of BRRI dhan55 under Integrated Nutrient Management","authors":"M. Das, M. Hussain, P. Chakrabarty, A. Rahman, M. Talucder, M. Sharif, A. U. Khan","doi":"10.55706/jae1519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1519","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated nutrient management is vital for the development and growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.), but they are rarely used nowadays due to the widespread use of inorganic fertilizers. So, the current research was executed to determine the effect of organic amendments on different growth parameters of BRRI dhan55. A field investigation was managed at the Plant Pathology field lab, Sylhet Agricultural University, from November 2018 to April 2019. Different combinations of organic amendments (T1= Recommended Fertilizer Dose, RFD which includes TSP 100g 10 m-2, MoP 100g 10 m-2, Gypsum 50g 10 m-2, Zinc 15g 10 m-2, T2= RFD with vermicompost 2kg 10 m-2, T3= RFD with vermicompost 4 kg 10 m-2, T4= RFD with cowdung 2 kg 10 m-2, T5= RFD with cowdung 4 kg 10 m-2, and T6= RFD with Biochar 4 kg 10 m-2) were used in a RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with three replications. The existing results showed that RFD with biochar treatments showed better performance in terms of the initial weight of grain (50.70 g), clean grain weight (48.55 g), and number of non-effective grains per panicle (27.67) and tiller per hill (12.07). T2 (RFD with vermicompost 2 kg 10 m-2) treatments demonstrated better results in parameters such as weight of grain from a single panicle (4.04 g), single panicle grain weight (3.90 g), panicle length (24.77 cm), and grain per panicle (153.00). Biomass (34.56 g) and above-ground length parameters (90.00 cm) performed better with the T4 treatment (RFD with 2 kg 10 m-2 of cowdung). T6 treatments were showed the highest grain yield (10.71 t ha-1) followed by T3 treatments. Therefore, the present results recommended that organic amendments could be a better supplement than inorganic amendments for the growth performance of BRRI dhan55.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129373875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saline soil is an increasing threat to agriculture and a key factor in reducing plant productivity. A field study was carried out from different soil depths at Kalapara Upazila in Patuakhali district and tomato plant was grown to determine the effects of salinity on it. It was found that the soil was silty clay, average pH 6.65, cation exchange capacity varied from 12.80 to 21.0 meq/100 g soil venting medium to high status. The organic matter content was low (0.967%), total nitrogen was 0.071%, phosphorous and potassium were low but sulphur was high (47 mg/kg). Exchangeable sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium existed at high levels. The present results revealed that salinity adversely affected the morphological and yield parameters of tomato. The tomato yield declined as salinity increased, and the reduction varied depending on the stage. The yield decreasing rate was the highest in BARI Tomato 14 (62%), but BARI Tomato 7 showed lower decreases due to salinity increases (47%). So, BARI Tomato-7 was the most salt tolerant and suitable variety for the Kalapara coastal region.
{"title":"Effects of Salinity on Soil and Tomato Yield at Coastal Area of Bangladesh","authors":"N. Naher, T. Sultana, A. Alam, J. Ferdous","doi":"10.55706/jae1521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1521","url":null,"abstract":"Saline soil is an increasing threat to agriculture and a key factor in reducing plant productivity. A field study was carried out from different soil depths at Kalapara Upazila in Patuakhali district and tomato plant was grown to determine the effects of salinity on it. It was found that the soil was silty clay, average pH 6.65, cation exchange capacity varied from 12.80 to 21.0 meq/100 g soil venting medium to high status. The organic matter content was low (0.967%), total nitrogen was 0.071%, phosphorous and potassium were low but sulphur was high (47 mg/kg). Exchangeable sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium existed at high levels. The present results revealed that salinity adversely affected the morphological and yield parameters of tomato. The tomato yield declined as salinity increased, and the reduction varied depending on the stage. The yield decreasing rate was the highest in BARI Tomato 14 (62%), but BARI Tomato 7 showed lower decreases due to salinity increases (47%). So, BARI Tomato-7 was the most salt tolerant and suitable variety for the Kalapara coastal region.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"04 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129853445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mustakim, M. Talucder, U. Ruba, F. Islam, A. Rahman, M. S. Uddin, A. U. Khan
Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is recognized as "Black Gold" and "King of Spices" because of its widespread use in culinary preparation, food flavoring, and condiment seasoning. It has worldwide fragrance and medical use. The purpose of the conducted research was to investigate growth performance of P. nigrum cuttings in various rooting media and growth regulators concentrations in a low-cost non-mist propagation chamber at the Agroforestry Field Laboratory, Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet during the period starting from August 2019 to June' 2020. The experiment consisted of two factors: different rooting media and different concentrations of growth regulator, IBA (Indole 3-Butyric Acid). Under the first factor, there were four treatments, namely M1= biochar, M2= vermicompost, M3= well-decomposed cow dung, and M4= field soil as control. Under the second factor, there were four treatments, namely R1= 0.2%, R2= 0.4% and R3= 0.8%, and R4= 0.0% of IBA. The whole experiment was designed in a factorial RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with three replications. Among the different media, M1 treatment (biochar) exhibited superior performance concerning vine length and the number of nodes per vine. On the other hand, R2 treatment (0.4%) concentration of IBA showed better performance regarding the number of roots and vine length. The research found that the growth performance of P. nigrum cuttings are accelerated through integrating rooting media and growth regulators. Consequently, the demand for planting materials could be met.
{"title":"Growth Performance of Black Pepper (P. nigrum) Cuttings in Different Rooting Media and Growth Regulators","authors":"M. Mustakim, M. Talucder, U. Ruba, F. Islam, A. Rahman, M. S. Uddin, A. U. Khan","doi":"10.55706/jae1518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1518","url":null,"abstract":"Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is recognized as \"Black Gold\" and \"King of Spices\" because of its widespread use in culinary preparation, food flavoring, and condiment seasoning. It has worldwide fragrance and medical use. The purpose of the conducted research was to investigate growth performance of P. nigrum cuttings in various rooting media and growth regulators concentrations in a low-cost non-mist propagation chamber at the Agroforestry Field Laboratory, Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet during the period starting from August 2019 to June' 2020. The experiment consisted of two factors: different rooting media and different concentrations of growth regulator, IBA (Indole 3-Butyric Acid). Under the first factor, there were four treatments, namely M1= biochar, M2= vermicompost, M3= well-decomposed cow dung, and M4= field soil as control. Under the second factor, there were four treatments, namely R1= 0.2%, R2= 0.4% and R3= 0.8%, and R4= 0.0% of IBA. The whole experiment was designed in a factorial RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with three replications. Among the different media, M1 treatment (biochar) exhibited superior performance concerning vine length and the number of nodes per vine. On the other hand, R2 treatment (0.4%) concentration of IBA showed better performance regarding the number of roots and vine length. The research found that the growth performance of P. nigrum cuttings are accelerated through integrating rooting media and growth regulators. Consequently, the demand for planting materials could be met.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130921915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study assessed the value chain and economic viability of shea butter production in Kwara State, Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was used to gather information from 247 participants in the shea butter value chain industry within the State. Descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, and linear regression were used to analyze the data gathered. The study found out that the shea nut processors and marketers were women (92%), while men (54,7%) were mostly shea nuts collectors. The average age of collectors was 43 and that of the processors and marketers were 46. Findings also revealed that the shea butter value chain is made up of collectors, assemblers, processors and marketers who perform various functions in getting the butter bye product from the shea nuts to the consumers. According to the profitability analysis that was carried out, the study discovers that the gathering, processing, and sale of shea nuts in the study area were profitable. The gross margin for 100kg of shea nut collected was ₦7,094 (1USD≈450₦) while that of the processors/marketers for 20kg of shea butter produced was ₦16,200. The major constraint facing shea nuts collectors was the felling of shea trees (82.7%) while that of processors/marketers was the lack of modern processing equipment. It is therefore necessary for government to provide credit facilities and modern processing equipment’s for rural women involved in shea butter production to enable them produce in large quantities.
{"title":"Value Chain and Profitability Analysis of Shea Butter Production in Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Adesope, O. Fatoki, T. O. Oguntoye","doi":"10.55706/jae1522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1522","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed the value chain and economic viability of shea butter production in Kwara State, Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was used to gather information from 247 participants in the shea butter value chain industry within the State. Descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, and linear regression were used to analyze the data gathered. The study found out that the shea nut processors and marketers were women (92%), while men (54,7%) were mostly shea nuts collectors. The average age of collectors was 43 and that of the processors and marketers were 46. Findings also revealed that the shea butter value chain is made up of collectors, assemblers, processors and marketers who perform various functions in getting the butter bye product from the shea nuts to the consumers. According to the profitability analysis that was carried out, the study discovers that the gathering, processing, and sale of shea nuts in the study area were profitable. The gross margin for 100kg of shea nut collected was ₦7,094 (1USD≈450₦) while that of the processors/marketers for 20kg of shea butter produced was ₦16,200. The major constraint facing shea nuts collectors was the felling of shea trees (82.7%) while that of processors/marketers was the lack of modern processing equipment. It is therefore necessary for government to provide credit facilities and modern processing equipment’s for rural women involved in shea butter production to enable them produce in large quantities.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116378695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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