Bangladesh is a low-lying deltaic plain country in which three-quarters of the population lives in rural areas, and they are the primary victim of climate invented worst situation (Siddiqui, 2009). As rural area’s people were deprived from the modern technology to mitigate the disaster, so that rural area’s people created y own initiated climate resilient technology to protect themselves. The purpose of this study was to identify indigenous disaster mitigation measures that the community had implemented in order to reduce the negative effects of disaster. The study area was Bakerganj upazila, Barisal which is also a rural based disaster-prone area. In this research, two types of data collection techniques were used, such as as primary and secondary data collection methods, afterwards the collected data were analyzed through Microsoft Excel. The major findings of this study were that, due to climate change the most drastic change was in temperature, which is responsible for occurring different kinds of disaster. Among those in the study area flood was the most prior disaster which may fallen impact on house and agriculture of study area. It was mainly influenced by poverty and lack of community awareness. So that the mostly used climate resilient technology of this area was raising of house platform above flood level (95.87%), plantation of disaster resilient tree around the house (76.29%), raising platform for cultivation (73.20%), using homemade fertilizer for enhance productivity (62.89%) and tying of house to minimize the possibility of destroying (61.86%). Among those raising house platform and cultivable land platform was more sustainable and resilient indigenous technology of this area. Beside more the study area’s people also got support from different GO and NGOs. And also, this area had strong social bonding with each other and local authorities, so that they got advantages from them and they consider this support as their capacity to fight against any kind of disaster. As indigenous technologies are very important for disaster risk reduction so that those should be linked up with local level adaptation plans for increasing the efficiency and resiliency of those locally invented technology, so that those will be easily accepted by the vulnerable community and implemented successfully against disaster.
{"title":"Community Initiated and Practiced Climate Resilient Technology and its Effectiveness in Disaster Risk Reduction at Barisal, Bangladesh","authors":"Prome Debnath, A. Biswas","doi":"10.55706/jae1517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1517","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh is a low-lying deltaic plain country in which three-quarters of the population lives in rural areas, and they are the primary victim of climate invented worst situation (Siddiqui, 2009). As rural area’s people were deprived from the modern technology to mitigate the disaster, so that rural area’s people created y own initiated climate resilient technology to protect themselves. The purpose of this study was to identify indigenous disaster mitigation measures that the community had implemented in order to reduce the negative effects of disaster. The study area was Bakerganj upazila, Barisal which is also a rural based disaster-prone area. In this research, two types of data collection techniques were used, such as as primary and secondary data collection methods, afterwards the collected data were analyzed through Microsoft Excel. The major findings of this study were that, due to climate change the most drastic change was in temperature, which is responsible for occurring different kinds of disaster. Among those in the study area flood was the most prior disaster which may fallen impact on house and agriculture of study area. It was mainly influenced by poverty and lack of community awareness. So that the mostly used climate resilient technology of this area was raising of house platform above flood level (95.87%), plantation of disaster resilient tree around the house (76.29%), raising platform for cultivation (73.20%), using homemade fertilizer for enhance productivity (62.89%) and tying of house to minimize the possibility of destroying (61.86%). Among those raising house platform and cultivable land platform was more sustainable and resilient indigenous technology of this area. Beside more the study area’s people also got support from different GO and NGOs. And also, this area had strong social bonding with each other and local authorities, so that they got advantages from them and they consider this support as their capacity to fight against any kind of disaster. As indigenous technologies are very important for disaster risk reduction so that those should be linked up with local level adaptation plans for increasing the efficiency and resiliency of those locally invented technology, so that those will be easily accepted by the vulnerable community and implemented successfully against disaster.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116744062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin Kobby Grant, Zhang Yifeng, R. Brenya, Bright Obuobi, G. Bempah
Agroforestry is a climate-smart strategy adopted in cocoa farms to help cocoa crops adapt to climate change, maintain biodiversity, and improve cocoa yield. Meanwhile, its sustainability is of major concern to farmers. This study brings to the fore the common and persistent factors that pose a threat to the sustainability of cocoa agroforestry, presented through a systematic literature review approach, and further discussed using the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) model as the focal point. A number of serious limitations have been identified in the study as limiting the sustainability of cocoa agroforestry, including a lack of technical support for planting trees, an increase in pests and diseases, the intense competition for nutrients between shade trees and cocoa trees, weak land tenure policies, and numerous other factors. The eleven identified limitations were further categorized and analyzed under Environmental, Economic, and Social Limitations, and policy directions were drawn and discussed. Based on the findings of the study, Cocoa Agroforestry must not only support both cocoa production and forest conservation simultaneously but also satisfy all three Sustainable Development Goals. For Cocoa Agroforestry to become an agricultural practice that is sustainable, it must address the environmental limitations, economic limitations, and social limitations simultaneously.
{"title":"Limitations of Sustainable Cocoa Agroforestry: A Literature Review","authors":"Martin Kobby Grant, Zhang Yifeng, R. Brenya, Bright Obuobi, G. Bempah","doi":"10.55706/jae1516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1516","url":null,"abstract":"Agroforestry is a climate-smart strategy adopted in cocoa farms to help cocoa crops adapt to climate change, maintain biodiversity, and improve cocoa yield. Meanwhile, its sustainability is of major concern to farmers. This study brings to the fore the common and persistent factors that pose a threat to the sustainability of cocoa agroforestry, presented through a systematic literature review approach, and further discussed using the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) model as the focal point. A number of serious limitations have been identified in the study as limiting the sustainability of cocoa agroforestry, including a lack of technical support for planting trees, an increase in pests and diseases, the intense competition for nutrients between shade trees and cocoa trees, weak land tenure policies, and numerous other factors. The eleven identified limitations were further categorized and analyzed under Environmental, Economic, and Social Limitations, and policy directions were drawn and discussed. Based on the findings of the study, Cocoa Agroforestry must not only support both cocoa production and forest conservation simultaneously but also satisfy all three Sustainable Development Goals. For Cocoa Agroforestry to become an agricultural practice that is sustainable, it must address the environmental limitations, economic limitations, and social limitations simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126494389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Dugda district's, Ethiopia farmers have employed the agroforestry system for millennia. However, farmers usually ignore the agroforestry system in favor of an intensive farming that grows a monocrop because they are unaware of its conservation and climate change mitigation benefits. This study's goal was to assess the impact of agroforestry on the plant diversity, carbon stock and to identify factors governing its adoption. From a total of 242 sampling points, tree species identification, height and diameter at breast height measurements were all done simultaneously. Complete measurements were taken in the home garden, 50 m x 100 m, 10 m x 10 m, and 10 m x 5 m quadrat were used for farmland, woodlot and grazing land, and line planting, respectively. From 0 to 30 cm depths, at each corner and in the middle, composite soil samples were collected from 50 sites (25 in agroforestry adopters and 25 in non-adopter). The outcome demonstrates that adopter sites store more carbon in their biomass and soil than the non-adopter sites. The one-way ANOVA and Fisher's LSD test findings revealed a significant difference in the mean biomass between adopters' and non-adopters sites. The highest plant diversity was recorded at the adopter site (H'), 2.25, while the maximum diversity (H'), at the non-adopter site was 1.95. Age, education, and family size are factors influencing farmers’ decision to adopt agroforestry practices. The results of the study showed how agroforestry reduces climate change and protects biodiversity. Therefore, encouraging non-adopters to engage in agroforestry practices is essential.
埃塞俄比亚Dugda地区的农民几千年来一直采用农林复合系统。然而，农民通常忽视农林复合系统，而倾向于种植单一作物的集约农业，因为他们不知道其保护和减缓气候变化的好处。本研究的目的是评估农林业对植物多样性、碳储量的影响，并确定影响其采用的因素。在242个采样点上，同时进行树种鉴定、胸高测量和胸径测量。在家庭花园进行了完整的测量，农田、林地和牧区、线植区分别采用50 m × 100 m、10 m × 10 m和10 m × 5 m样方。从0到30 cm深度，在每个角落和中间，从50个地点(采用农林业的地点25个，不采用农林业的地点25个)收集复合土壤样本。结果表明，采用点比非采用点在生物量和土壤中储存更多的碳。单因素方差分析和Fisher’s LSD检验结果显示，收养地和非收养地的平均生物量有显著差异。采食地植物多样性最高，H′为2.25，非采食地最高，H′为1.95。年龄、教育程度和家庭规模是影响农民决定采用农林业做法的因素。这项研究的结果显示了农林业如何减少气候变化和保护生物多样性。因此，鼓励非采用者从事农林业实践至关重要。
{"title":"Tree Diversity, Carbon Stock, and Factors Influencing the Adoption of Agroforestry Systems in Dugda District, Ethiopia","authors":"Sileshi Degefa, Mastewal Markos","doi":"10.55706/jae1515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1515","url":null,"abstract":"The Dugda district's, Ethiopia farmers have employed the agroforestry system for millennia. However, farmers usually ignore the agroforestry system in favor of an intensive farming that grows a monocrop because they are unaware of its conservation and climate change mitigation benefits. This study's goal was to assess the impact of agroforestry on the plant diversity, carbon stock and to identify factors governing its adoption. From a total of 242 sampling points, tree species identification, height and diameter at breast height measurements were all done simultaneously. Complete measurements were taken in the home garden, 50 m x 100 m, 10 m x 10 m, and 10 m x 5 m quadrat were used for farmland, woodlot and grazing land, and line planting, respectively. From 0 to 30 cm depths, at each corner and in the middle, composite soil samples were collected from 50 sites (25 in agroforestry adopters and 25 in non-adopter). The outcome demonstrates that adopter sites store more carbon in their biomass and soil than the non-adopter sites. The one-way ANOVA and Fisher's LSD test findings revealed a significant difference in the mean biomass between adopters' and non-adopters sites. The highest plant diversity was recorded at the adopter site (H'), 2.25, while the maximum diversity (H'), at the non-adopter site was 1.95. Age, education, and family size are factors influencing farmers’ decision to adopt agroforestry practices. The results of the study showed how agroforestry reduces climate change and protects biodiversity. Therefore, encouraging non-adopters to engage in agroforestry practices is essential.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134382512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. E. Nabi, M. Hasan, M. I. Khalil, M. M. Haque, J. Farthouse, M.M.H. Tipu
One of the major constraints of black gram production is Powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni) disease. This study was an attempt of assess the efficacy of different chemicals against powdery mildew disease. The Experimental design was RCBD with three replication and Binamash-1 variety was planted under natural field conditions. Four chemicals viz. salicylic acid (1g/L), copper shulphate (0.5g/L), chitosan (0.1g/L) and thiovit (2g/L) was evaluated against powdery mildew disease. Those chemicals were applied 3 times with 7days interval after the disease initiation. Disease incidence and percent leaf area infection data was recorded three time after the application of treatments and other agronomic data was recorded after harvest. All the treatments were performed better than control in reducing the incidence of powdery mildew disease and percent leaf area infection. During the experimental period (Khrif -2, 2020), there was no incidence of other fungal foliar disease. Results represent that thiovit @ 2g/L performed best in controlling powdery mildew disease incidence (41%), percent leaf are infection (33%) and highest seed yield (520.57 kg/ha) among the treatments. We can conclude this study that, Thiovit (80% sulphur fungicide @ 2g/L) was best for controlling powdery mildew of black gram among the treatments and it (applied 3 times with 7days interval after the disease initiation) can be used for controlling this disease.
{"title":"Evaluation of Different Chemicals for Controlling Powdery Mildew of Black Gram","authors":"K. E. Nabi, M. Hasan, M. I. Khalil, M. M. Haque, J. Farthouse, M.M.H. Tipu","doi":"10.55706/jae1514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1514","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major constraints of black gram production is Powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni) disease. This study was an attempt of assess the efficacy of different chemicals against powdery mildew disease. The Experimental design was RCBD with three replication and Binamash-1 variety was planted under natural field conditions. Four chemicals viz. salicylic acid (1g/L), copper shulphate (0.5g/L), chitosan (0.1g/L) and thiovit (2g/L) was evaluated against powdery mildew disease. Those chemicals were applied 3 times with 7days interval after the disease initiation. Disease incidence and percent leaf area infection data was recorded three time after the application of treatments and other agronomic data was recorded after harvest. All the treatments were performed better than control in reducing the incidence of powdery mildew disease and percent leaf area infection. During the experimental period (Khrif -2, 2020), there was no incidence of other fungal foliar disease. Results represent that thiovit @ 2g/L performed best in controlling powdery mildew disease incidence (41%), percent leaf are infection (33%) and highest seed yield (520.57 kg/ha) among the treatments. We can conclude this study that, Thiovit (80% sulphur fungicide @ 2g/L) was best for controlling powdery mildew of black gram among the treatments and it (applied 3 times with 7days interval after the disease initiation) can be used for controlling this disease.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115555457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ali, S. Monira, M. Rashed, M. Salim, M. Salam, R. C. Das
Using a weed control scheme could assist in reducing potential production losses caused by weeds in paddy fields. Due to certain undesirable adverse effects, there is currently no realistic alternative to chemical weed suppression approaches in rice. The present research aimed to assess how various herbicide-based weed control techniques influenced the weed profile, and crop production of T. aman rice varieties. The study was done employing a randomized complete block design with 3 trials. The investigation comprised three aman rice cultivars and four weeds control techniques such as control, pre-emergence herbicide, early post emergence and post emergence herbicide. On research sites, ten weed types from 5 families were revealed. The grass weed Echinochloa gras-galli had the highest summed dominance ratio (SDR: 42.05%), while the sedges Scirpus mucronatus had the lowest SDR of 0.81%. Post-emergence herbicide application provided the lowest weed biomass and density at all sampling dates and produced the greatest seed yields (4.25 t ha-1), straw yield (5.41 t ha-1) and harvest index (43.87%) because of minimal crop-weed competition. In the case of interaction, BRRI dhan49 coupled with post emergence herbicide attained maximum output (4.80 t ha-1) followed by BRRI dhan49 with early post emergence. Due to ability for reducing weeds population, usage of post emergence herbicide could be considered as an efficient weed control approach in BRRI dhan49.
采用杂草控制方案有助于减少稻田杂草造成的潜在生产损失。由于化学除草对水稻的不良影响，目前还没有可行的替代方法。本研究旨在评估不同除草剂杂草防治技术对水稻品种杂草分布和作物产量的影响。本研究采用随机完全区组设计，共3个试验。研究对象为3个水稻品种，采用防除、出苗期前除草剂、出苗期初除草剂和出苗期后除草剂4种防除技术。研究现场共发现5科10种杂草。禾草的总优势比最高(SDR为42.05%)，莎草的总优势比最低(SDR为0.81%)。在所有取样日期，出苗期后施用除草剂提供了最低的杂草生物量和密度，但由于作物与杂草的竞争最小，产生了最大的种子产量(4.25 t ha-1)、秸秆产量(5.41 t ha-1)和收获指数(43.87%)。在互作情况下，BRRI dhan49与出苗期除草剂配用产量最高(4.80 t ha-1)，其次是出苗期较早的BRRI dhan49。由于出苗后除草剂具有减少杂草数量的能力，因此可以认为是BRRI dhan49有效的杂草控制方法。
{"title":"Effects of Herbicidal Weed Control Practices on Yield Performance of T. Aman Rice Varieties in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Ali, S. Monira, M. Rashed, M. Salim, M. Salam, R. C. Das","doi":"10.55706/jae1513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1513","url":null,"abstract":"Using a weed control scheme could assist in reducing potential production losses caused by weeds in paddy fields. Due to certain undesirable adverse effects, there is currently no realistic alternative to chemical weed suppression approaches in rice. The present research aimed to assess how various herbicide-based weed control techniques influenced the weed profile, and crop production of T. aman rice varieties. The study was done employing a randomized complete block design with 3 trials. The investigation comprised three aman rice cultivars and four weeds control techniques such as control, pre-emergence herbicide, early post emergence and post emergence herbicide. On research sites, ten weed types from 5 families were revealed. The grass weed Echinochloa gras-galli had the highest summed dominance ratio (SDR: 42.05%), while the sedges Scirpus mucronatus had the lowest SDR of 0.81%. Post-emergence herbicide application provided the lowest weed biomass and density at all sampling dates and produced the greatest seed yields (4.25 t ha-1), straw yield (5.41 t ha-1) and harvest index (43.87%) because of minimal crop-weed competition. In the case of interaction, BRRI dhan49 coupled with post emergence herbicide attained maximum output (4.80 t ha-1) followed by BRRI dhan49 with early post emergence. Due to ability for reducing weeds population, usage of post emergence herbicide could be considered as an efficient weed control approach in BRRI dhan49.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"23 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113974741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Raihan, M. Hasan, M. Wadud, N. A. Roshni, J. Ferdous
Bangladesh's soil organic matter is quite low. To replenish biodegradable materials, it is important to investigate the best organic amendment for enhanced crop production. A field study was carried out at the Agroforestry Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University in Mymensingh from December 2019 to March 2020 to assess the influence of different tree leaf biomass applications on vegetative characters, yield contributing characters and yield of carrot. In this research, six experimental treatments were imposed, T0= represents the Control (recommended fertilizer dose), T1= Mander (Erythrina orientalis) tree leaf biomass, T2= Ipil-Ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) tree leaf biomass, T3= Minjiri (Cassia siamea) tree leaf biomass, T4= Jhau (Casuarina equisetifolia), T5= Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) tree leaf biomass, the experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed that the tree fresh leaf biomasses significantly influenced the growth, yield and yield contributing parameters of carrots viz. plant height (cm), the number of leaves per plant, leaf length (cm), leaf breadth (cm), length of root (cm), diameter of root (cm), fresh weight of root (gm), dry weight of root (%) and yield of carrot (t/ha) at different days after seed sowing. The highest (28.72 t ha-1) root yield of carrot was obtained in the recommended fertilizer dose followed by the treatments of T2, T1, T3, T4 (23.98, 21.98, 21.26, 20.22 t ha-1) respectively, while the lowest (18.29 t ha-1) root yield was produced in the T5 treatment. When it came to root yield, the ipil-ipil tree outperformed the other tree leaf biomasses because it was closest to the appropriate fertilizer dose. The sissoo tree leaf biomass produced the lowest output in this situation. However, the green leaf biomass of ipil-ipil tree might be substituted for or applied in conjunction with inorganic fertilizer. In the agroforestry system, tree leaves can be used as a source of organic matter. This would greatly reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer needed to grow carrots in Bangladesh.
孟加拉国的土壤有机质含量很低。为了补充生物可降解材料，研究提高作物产量的最佳有机改良剂是很重要的。2019年12月至2020年3月，在位于迈门辛格的孟加拉国农业大学农林田间实验室进行了实地研究，评估了不同叶片生物量施用对胡萝卜营养性状、产量贡献性状和产量的影响。本研究共设置6个试验处理，T0=对照(推荐施肥剂量)，T1= Mander (Erythrina orientalis)林木生物量，T2= Ipil-Ipil (Leucaena leucocephala)林木生物量，T3= Minjiri (Cassia siamea)林木生物量，T4= Jhau (Casuarina equisetifolia)林木生物量，T5= Sissoo (Dalbergia Sissoo)林木生物量，试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)， 3个重复。结果表明，树鲜叶生物量显著影响播后不同天数胡萝卜的生长、产量和产量贡献参数:株高(cm)、单株叶数、叶长(cm)、叶宽(cm)、根长(cm)、根径(cm)、根鲜重(gm)、根干重(%)和胡萝卜产量(t/ha)。胡萝卜根产量在推荐施肥剂量下最高(28.72 t ha-1)，其次为T2、T1、T3、T4处理(23.98、21.98、21.26、20.22 t ha-1)， T5处理最低(18.29 t ha-1)。当谈到根产量时，ipil-ipil树的表现优于其他树木的叶片生物量，因为它最接近适当的肥料剂量。在这种情况下，茜苏树叶片生物量的产量最低。但是，油梨树的绿叶生物量可以替代无机肥或与无机肥配合施用。在农林复合系统中，树叶可以作为有机物的来源。这将大大减少孟加拉国种植胡萝卜所需的化肥量。
{"title":"Vegetative and Reproductive Parameters of Carrot Influenced by Tree Fresh Leaf Biomass Application as a Source of Organic Matter","authors":"M. Raihan, M. Hasan, M. Wadud, N. A. Roshni, J. Ferdous","doi":"10.55706/jae1512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1512","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh's soil organic matter is quite low. To replenish biodegradable materials, it is important to investigate the best organic amendment for enhanced crop production. A field study was carried out at the Agroforestry Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University in Mymensingh from December 2019 to March 2020 to assess the influence of different tree leaf biomass applications on vegetative characters, yield contributing characters and yield of carrot. In this research, six experimental treatments were imposed, T0= represents the Control (recommended fertilizer dose), T1= Mander (Erythrina orientalis) tree leaf biomass, T2= Ipil-Ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) tree leaf biomass, T3= Minjiri (Cassia siamea) tree leaf biomass, T4= Jhau (Casuarina equisetifolia), T5= Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) tree leaf biomass, the experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed that the tree fresh leaf biomasses significantly influenced the growth, yield and yield contributing parameters of carrots viz. plant height (cm), the number of leaves per plant, leaf length (cm), leaf breadth (cm), length of root (cm), diameter of root (cm), fresh weight of root (gm), dry weight of root (%) and yield of carrot (t/ha) at different days after seed sowing. The highest (28.72 t ha-1) root yield of carrot was obtained in the recommended fertilizer dose followed by the treatments of T2, T1, T3, T4 (23.98, 21.98, 21.26, 20.22 t ha-1) respectively, while the lowest (18.29 t ha-1) root yield was produced in the T5 treatment. When it came to root yield, the ipil-ipil tree outperformed the other tree leaf biomasses because it was closest to the appropriate fertilizer dose. The sissoo tree leaf biomass produced the lowest output in this situation. However, the green leaf biomass of ipil-ipil tree might be substituted for or applied in conjunction with inorganic fertilizer. In the agroforestry system, tree leaves can be used as a source of organic matter. This would greatly reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer needed to grow carrots in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132850630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hossain, A. Hossain, M. O. Ali, S. Alim, M. Islam, M. A. Nadim
An experiment was conducted at the Department of Crop Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from January, 2020 to June, 2020 to evaluate the morpho-physiological response of groundnut genotypes under salinity stress at early seedling stage. The four groundnut genotypes were, namely, V1= BARI Chinabadam-8, V2= Maijchar badam (Dhaka-1), V3= Binachinabadam-6 and V4= Binachinabadam-8. Two salinity levels were, namely, S1= 0 dS/m NaCl and S2= 12 dS/m NaCl used for hydroponic experiment. The treatments were designed in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications in a factorial arrangement. The parameters of the experiment measured were root length, shoot length, number of leaves, number of leaflets, leaf area, Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value, root fresh weight, leaf fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, leaf dry weight, and shoot dry weight. The result indicated that there were significant differences between the genotypes and salinity stress in all of the studied parameters. Maximum root length (33.20 cm), number of leaves (7.25), number of leaflet (24.50), leaf area (128.07 cm2), SPAD value (41.67), leaf fresh weight (3.43 g) and shoot dry weight (0.11 g) were recorded in the genotype Binachinabadam-6 in a combination of control condition. On the contrary the minimum shoot length (12.17 cm), root length (16.72 cm), number of leaves (2.75), number of leaflet (15.50), leaf area (21.90 cm2), SPAD value (31.42), leaf fresh weight (0.72 g), shoot fresh weight (0.92 g), leaf dry weight (0.11 g) and shoot dry weight (0.09 g) were recorded from the genotype Binachinabadam-8 in stress condition. So, the higher susceptible genotype Binachinabadam-8 to saline conditions and the lower was Binachinabadam-6. Therefore, it may be concluded that the variety Binachinabadam-6 will be more suitable for the saline prone areas of Bangladesh.
{"title":"Morpho-physiological response of groundnut genotypes to salinity stress at early seedling stage","authors":"M. Hossain, A. Hossain, M. O. Ali, S. Alim, M. Islam, M. A. Nadim","doi":"10.55706/jae1511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1511","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted at the Department of Crop Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from January, 2020 to June, 2020 to evaluate the morpho-physiological response of groundnut genotypes under salinity stress at early seedling stage. The four groundnut genotypes were, namely, V1= BARI Chinabadam-8, V2= Maijchar badam (Dhaka-1), V3= Binachinabadam-6 and V4= Binachinabadam-8. Two salinity levels were, namely, S1= 0 dS/m NaCl and S2= 12 dS/m NaCl used for hydroponic experiment. The treatments were designed in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications in a factorial arrangement. The parameters of the experiment measured were root length, shoot length, number of leaves, number of leaflets, leaf area, Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value, root fresh weight, leaf fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, leaf dry weight, and shoot dry weight. The result indicated that there were significant differences between the genotypes and salinity stress in all of the studied parameters. Maximum root length (33.20 cm), number of leaves (7.25), number of leaflet (24.50), leaf area (128.07 cm2), SPAD value (41.67), leaf fresh weight (3.43 g) and shoot dry weight (0.11 g) were recorded in the genotype Binachinabadam-6 in a combination of control condition. On the contrary the minimum shoot length (12.17 cm), root length (16.72 cm), number of leaves (2.75), number of leaflet (15.50), leaf area (21.90 cm2), SPAD value (31.42), leaf fresh weight (0.72 g), shoot fresh weight (0.92 g), leaf dry weight (0.11 g) and shoot dry weight (0.09 g) were recorded from the genotype Binachinabadam-8 in stress condition. So, the higher susceptible genotype Binachinabadam-8 to saline conditions and the lower was Binachinabadam-6. Therefore, it may be concluded that the variety Binachinabadam-6 will be more suitable for the saline prone areas of Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128678357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. O. Ali, M. Kader, S. Yeasmin, M. Islam, S. Alim, M. Mamun
An experiment was conducted at a salinity affected area in Hatiya, Noakhali to investigate the effect of mulching and gypsum fertilizer application on the yield of maize during December 2017 to May 2018. In this experiment two maize varieties, namely BARI hybrid bhutta-9 (V1) and NK-40 (V2) were used as planting material. Two mulching treatments, namely no mulching (M0) and mulching with water hyacinth (M1); and four gypsum levels namely 0 (G0), 50 (G1), 100 (G2) and 150 (G3) kg ha-1 were imposed. NK-40 variety showed higher number of grain lines cob-1 (13.34), number of grains line-1 (35.14), 100-grain weight (32.03 g) and grain yield (7.59 t ha-1) compared to BARI hybrid bhutta-9. Mulching with water hyacinth produced higher 100-grain weight (32.09 g) and grain yield (7.59 t ha-1) as compared to no mulching irrespective of variety. In case of gypsum, the highest grain yield (8.06 t ha-1) was obtained from 150 kg gypsum ha-1. For the interactions among varieties, mulching and gypsum fertilizer levels, the highest number of grains line-1, 100-grain weight and grain yield were 38.02, 34.33 g and 8.96 t ha-1 for V2M1G2 (NK-40, water hyacinth and 100 kg gypsum ha-1) treatment combination. The results revealed that mulching with water hyacinth alone increased 10.64% grain yield as compared to no mulching and application of gypsum fertilizer @ 150 kg ha-1 increased 33.66% grain yield compared to no gypsum application at salinity level (8.21 dSm-1). In case of the interactions among varieties, gypsum levels and mulching, grain yield increased by 65.61% in the variety NK-40 when cultivated with mulched conditions along with the application of gypsum fertilizer @ 100 kg ha-1 at salinity level (8.21 dSm-1). Therefore, it may be concluded that the yield of maize in the saline area of Noakhali, Bangladesh can be increased by adopting mulching technique and gypsum fertilizer application.
本试验于2017年12月至2018年5月在Noakhali Hatiya盐渍化地区进行，研究了地膜和石膏肥对玉米产量的影响。本试验选用BARI杂交品种bhutta-9 (V1)和NK-40 (V2) 2个玉米品种作为种植材料。两种覆盖处理，即不覆盖(M0)和水葫芦覆盖(M1);石膏浓度分别为0 (G0)、50 (G1)、100 (G2)和150 (G3) kg ha-1。与BARI杂交品种bhutta-9相比，NK-40的cob-1株系数(13.34)、line-1株系数(35.14)、百粒重(32.03 g)和产量(7.59 t hm -1)均有所提高。水葫芦覆盖的百粒重(32.09 g)和籽粒产量(7.59 t hm -1)均高于不覆盖的品种。以石膏为例，150公斤的石膏产量最高(8.06 t hm -1)。在品种、覆盖和石膏肥水平互作方面，V2M1G2 (NK-40、水葫芦和100 kg石膏)处理组合的1号系粒数、百粒重和籽粒产量最高，分别为38.02、34.33 g和8.96 t hm -1。结果表明，在盐分水平(8.21 sm -1)下，单独覆盖水葫芦比不覆盖增产10.64%，施用石膏肥150 kg hm -1比不施用石膏肥增产33.66%。在品种、石膏水平和覆盖相互作用的情况下，在覆盖条件下，在盐分水平(8.21 dSm-1)下施用石膏肥@ 100 kg ha-1，籽粒产量提高65.61%。综上所述，孟加拉国Noakhali盐碱区采用覆盖技术和石膏肥施用可提高玉米产量。
{"title":"Effect of Mulching and Gypsum Fertilizer Application on the Yield of Maize in Salinity Affected Area of Noakhali District, Bangladesh","authors":"M. O. Ali, M. Kader, S. Yeasmin, M. Islam, S. Alim, M. Mamun","doi":"10.55706/jae1509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1509","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted at a salinity affected area in Hatiya, Noakhali to investigate the effect of mulching and gypsum fertilizer application on the yield of maize during December 2017 to May 2018. In this experiment two maize varieties, namely BARI hybrid bhutta-9 (V1) and NK-40 (V2) were used as planting material. Two mulching treatments, namely no mulching (M0) and mulching with water hyacinth (M1); and four gypsum levels namely 0 (G0), 50 (G1), 100 (G2) and 150 (G3) kg ha-1 were imposed. NK-40 variety showed higher number of grain lines cob-1 (13.34), number of grains line-1 (35.14), 100-grain weight (32.03 g) and grain yield (7.59 t ha-1) compared to BARI hybrid bhutta-9. Mulching with water hyacinth produced higher 100-grain weight (32.09 g) and grain yield (7.59 t ha-1) as compared to no mulching irrespective of variety. In case of gypsum, the highest grain yield (8.06 t ha-1) was obtained from 150 kg gypsum ha-1. For the interactions among varieties, mulching and gypsum fertilizer levels, the highest number of grains line-1, 100-grain weight and grain yield were 38.02, 34.33 g and 8.96 t ha-1 for V2M1G2 (NK-40, water hyacinth and 100 kg gypsum ha-1) treatment combination. The results revealed that mulching with water hyacinth alone increased 10.64% grain yield as compared to no mulching and application of gypsum fertilizer @ 150 kg ha-1 increased 33.66% grain yield compared to no gypsum application at salinity level (8.21 dSm-1). In case of the interactions among varieties, gypsum levels and mulching, grain yield increased by 65.61% in the variety NK-40 when cultivated with mulched conditions along with the application of gypsum fertilizer @ 100 kg ha-1 at salinity level (8.21 dSm-1). Therefore, it may be concluded that the yield of maize in the saline area of Noakhali, Bangladesh can be increased by adopting mulching technique and gypsum fertilizer application.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129015185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the study was to identify some practical approaches to help developing nations for leasing their carbon footprint that is left behind as a result of operations at ports and terminals. In this sense, the Bangladeshi seaport of Chattogram serves as a case study that is monitored and analyzed. Investigation on port and terminal procedures and CO2 emissions is the focus of this study. Conversations with port stakeholders are the main source of data. When it comes to secondary data, it's drawn primarily from past studies and newspaper articles. Approximately 65.8% of the total carbon emissions at Chattogram's port and terminal are attributed to ships anchoring at the port. Other options include port boats with 19%, freight handling equipment with 10% and vehicles with 4.5%. In order to reduce these emissions, the port of Chattogram has determined that cold ironing is the best alternative, and contemporary cargo handling equipment is both cheaper and uses less energy. In order to ensure that port and terminal activities have a minimal impact on the surrounding ecosystem, it is imperative to update outdated pieces of equipment and extend existing terminal facilities. Nevertheless, utilizing renewable fuels (30% biofuels with currently used diesel) can be an effective solution for lowering the carbon footprint of other types of machinery such as forklifts and harbor craft. Furthermore, developing countries may join and coordinate with the LEARN (Logistics Emission Account and Reduction Network) project to enhance and globalize their efforts to reduce their carbon footprint through emission measurements, reporting, and verification (MRV).
{"title":"Strategies to Reduce Carbon Footprint in Port and Terminal Operations: Evidence from a Developing Country","authors":"M. R. Islam, M. Aziz, M. B. Khan","doi":"10.55706/jae1506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1506","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to identify some practical approaches to help developing nations for leasing their carbon footprint that is left behind as a result of operations at ports and terminals. In this sense, the Bangladeshi seaport of Chattogram serves as a case study that is monitored and analyzed. Investigation on port and terminal procedures and CO2 emissions is the focus of this study. Conversations with port stakeholders are the main source of data. When it comes to secondary data, it's drawn primarily from past studies and newspaper articles. Approximately 65.8% of the total carbon emissions at Chattogram's port and terminal are attributed to ships anchoring at the port. Other options include port boats with 19%, freight handling equipment with 10% and vehicles with 4.5%. In order to reduce these emissions, the port of Chattogram has determined that cold ironing is the best alternative, and contemporary cargo handling equipment is both cheaper and uses less energy. In order to ensure that port and terminal activities have a minimal impact on the surrounding ecosystem, it is imperative to update outdated pieces of equipment and extend existing terminal facilities. Nevertheless, utilizing renewable fuels (30% biofuels with currently used diesel) can be an effective solution for lowering the carbon footprint of other types of machinery such as forklifts and harbor craft. Furthermore, developing countries may join and coordinate with the LEARN (Logistics Emission Account and Reduction Network) project to enhance and globalize their efforts to reduce their carbon footprint through emission measurements, reporting, and verification (MRV).","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131058911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. A. Thompson, Akintuyi Olabimpe Banke, L. O. Omoniyi, O. Fatoki
Land-cover change has many environmental, physical, and socioeconomic significances. Therefore, the study investigated the consequence of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) change on vegetation indices in oil palm producing Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs) of Nigeria between 1989 and 2019 (30 years). Multistage sampling technique was used to sample 18 communities (six communities per each AEZ) that are known for oil palm production in the study area. Image processing and Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis was carried out. The result revealed that in the freshwater swamp AEZ, there was declining in areas covered by dense vegetation (72%) and wetland receded by 100% in the last 30 years. In the guinea savannah AEZ, the dense vegetation declines by 56.11% while built-up land and agricultural land increase by 169.06% and 17.98% respectively in the last 30 years. In the rainforest AEZ, there was 1689.43% increase in areas covered by sparse vegetation against 50.94% decline in dense vegetation. The study recommends that government and Non-Governmental Organizations should assist in formulating environmental policies that will protect the ecosystem in the study area.
{"title":"Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Change in Oil Palm Producing Agro-Ecological Zones of Nigeria","authors":"O. A. Thompson, Akintuyi Olabimpe Banke, L. O. Omoniyi, O. Fatoki","doi":"10.55706/jae1508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55706/jae1508","url":null,"abstract":"Land-cover change has many environmental, physical, and socioeconomic significances. Therefore, the study investigated the consequence of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) change on vegetation indices in oil palm producing Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs) of Nigeria between 1989 and 2019 (30 years). Multistage sampling technique was used to sample 18 communities (six communities per each AEZ) that are known for oil palm production in the study area. Image processing and Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis was carried out. The result revealed that in the freshwater swamp AEZ, there was declining in areas covered by dense vegetation (72%) and wetland receded by 100% in the last 30 years. In the guinea savannah AEZ, the dense vegetation declines by 56.11% while built-up land and agricultural land increase by 169.06% and 17.98% respectively in the last 30 years. In the rainforest AEZ, there was 1689.43% increase in areas covered by sparse vegetation against 50.94% decline in dense vegetation. The study recommends that government and Non-Governmental Organizations should assist in formulating environmental policies that will protect the ecosystem in the study area.","PeriodicalId":231257,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agroforestry and Environment","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130196809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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