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[Hypo-oxygenation in paraquat poisoning. Apropos of 6 cases]. [百草枯中毒中的低氧。[6例]。
A Chollet, J Muszynsky, C Bismuth, J Pham, M El Khouly, R Surugue

The toxicity of the weed-killer paraquat is related to the formation of superoxyde radicals responsible of a progressive and usually lethal pulmonary fibrosis. Recognition of lipid peroxidation of membrane bilayers by free radicals as the causative factor pointed to oxygen as an important cofactor in the severity of paraquat poisoning. It has been shown that any FiO2 over 21% accelerates this process and increases the the mortality of rats and humans. FiO2 21% gave a significant reduction of mortality in rats (DOUZE 1976). We proposed this therapy (1978-1879) in 6 cases of paraquat poisoning. It was conducted with induction of a barbiturate coma, hypothermia, curarisation and hypo-oxygenation (FiO2 around 14% thanks to the adjunction of nitrogen to assisted ventilation). In 5/6 patients, these technics did not prevent the evolution towards death. This evolution was in fact predicted, according the following prognostic factors: suicide, more than a mouthful ingestion, oesophago-gastric burns detected by endoscopy, organic renal failure, high plasma paraquat level. Associated methods of elimination (Fuller's earth, provoked diarrhea, furosemide, hemoperfusion and hemodialysis) did not change the early established prognosis. The only survival was observed in an accidental poisoning with undetectable plasma paraquat and isolated oral burns: the herbicide had been probably spit out. This survival cannot be related to hypo-oxygenation. This failure is not definitive, according to us: this therapy should be undertaken only after minimal, accidental poisoning possibly evolving to pulmonary fibrosis. It appears unuseful in massive, suicidal poisonings, leading readily to a lethal circulatory failure.

除草剂百草枯的毒性与造成进行性且通常致命的肺纤维化的超氧自由基的形成有关。自由基识别膜双分子层脂质过氧化为致病因素,指出氧是百草枯中毒严重程度的重要辅助因素。研究表明,任何超过21%的二氧化碳浓度都会加速这一过程,并增加老鼠和人类的死亡率。FiO2 21%显著降低了大鼠的死亡率(DOUZE 1976)。我们在1978-1879年对6例百草枯中毒提出了这种治疗方法。在诱导巴比妥昏迷、低温、屈曲化和低氧合的情况下进行(由于辅助通气的辅助氮气,FiO2约为14%)。在5/6的患者中,这些技术并没有阻止向死亡的演变。事实上,根据以下预后因素,这种演变是可以预测的:自杀、多口进食、内窥镜检查发现食管胃烧伤、器质性肾功能衰竭、血浆中百草枯含量高。相关的消除方法(富勒氏土、诱发性腹泻、速尿、血液灌流和血液透析)没有改变早期确定的预后。唯一的幸存者是一次意外中毒,血浆中有无法检测到的百草枯和孤立的口腔烧伤:除草剂可能已经被吐出来了。这种生存与缺氧无关。根据我们的研究,这种失败不是决定性的:只有在轻微的意外中毒可能演变为肺纤维化后才应该进行这种治疗。它在大规模自杀中毒中似乎是无用的,很容易导致致命的循环衰竭。
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引用次数: 0
[Severe respiratory complications in acute voluntary drug poisoning. Apropos of 15 cases in 824 poisoning cases]. 急性自发性药物中毒的严重呼吸并发症。824例中毒病例中约有15例]。
J P Ory, P Daoudal, G Wagschal, J L Delacour, M Vuillemard, F Barale

Respiratory diseases are the most heavy complications that we can meat in self-poisoning persons. Authors report 15 cases of respiratory complications appeared in 824 self-poisoning cases by drugs. Different factors involved in respiratory diseases origin are analysed but only one appears to be significant: the time between poisoning and admission in intensive care unit. The encountered complications are: acute respiratory distress syndrome, Mendelson syndrome, heavy pulmonary infections, pulmonary embolism. Authors argue about the means of prevention. This seems the fundamental aspect, alone capable to decrease the incidence of very heavy complications responsible of a height mortality range (33%).

呼吸系统疾病是自毒患者最严重的并发症。报告824例药物自中毒中出现呼吸道并发症15例。分析了与呼吸道疾病起源有关的不同因素,但只有一个因素似乎是重要的:中毒和入住重症监护病房之间的时间。遇到的并发症有:急性呼吸窘迫综合征,门德尔松综合征,重度肺部感染,肺栓塞。作者争论预防的方法。这似乎是最基本的方面,单独能够降低造成高死亡率(33%)的严重并发症的发生率。
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引用次数: 0
[Critical approach to technics for the disinfection of respirators with formaldehyde]. [甲醛消毒口罩工艺的关键方法]。
G Laguenie, F Bavoux, R Garnier, I Murat, C Couturier

Method of artificial respirators desinfection by Formaldehyde is studied. Formaldehyde and ammoniac quantitative analysis are performed. Air samples are taken by dry process and by wet process. Two concentrations are in ceiling values for exposure of workers and exceed irritant concentrations during chronic exposition. Particular attention should be paid to perform measurement: air samples must be taken by wet process as artificial ventilation circumstances: indeed in this case air is humidified; potential toxicity is unappreciated in this use. Complementary studies are required.

对人工呼吸器甲醛消毒方法进行了研究。甲醛、氨定量分析。空气样品分为干法和湿法两种。两种浓度在工人接触的顶限值内,在长期接触期间超过刺激性浓度。在进行测量时应特别注意:空气样本必须在人工通风情况下采用湿法处理:在这种情况下,空气确实是加湿的;在这种使用中,潜在的毒性是不被重视的。需要进行补充研究。
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引用次数: 0
[Effect of temephos on acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain of Tilapia guineensis. 3: Comparative effect of temephos and 3 substitute insecticides]. 双硫磷对几内亚罗非鱼脑内乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响。[3]双硫磷与3种替代杀虫剂的比较效果。
C Pellissier, D Leung Tack, G Gras

The Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP) is realized in the major part of the treated area by weekly applications of temephos in biotopes of simulles larvae. This insecticide is very effective and its impact on the aquatic fauna is evaluated by means of periodic samplings of the fauna. Therefore, the most sensitive way of tracking down fish poisoning is by studying the brain acetylcholinesterase depression. Evaluated on Tilapia guineensis this lowering is moderate when operational doses are used by OCP. The discovery of resistence to temephos incited researchers of OCP to try remplacement insecticides. Among these, chlorphoxim, chlorpyrifos-methyl and pirimiphos-methyl proved to be the most effect of these three organophosphorus compounds to that of temephos on the acetylcholinesterasic activity of the brain of Tilapia but using a much higher dosage (0,05 mg/l during 24 hrs that is 144 times more than for temephos). The results demonstrate that the three remplacement insecticides have on inhibitive effect plainly more important than that of temephos and that the retour to normal activity requires a much longer time.

盘尾丝虫病控制规划(OCP)是通过每周在盘尾丝虫病幼虫的生物群落中施用双硫磷来实现的。该杀虫剂非常有效,并通过对水生动物群的定期取样来评估其对水生动物群的影响。因此,研究脑乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制是追踪鱼类中毒最敏感的方法。对几内亚罗非鱼进行评估,OCP使用操作剂量时,这种降低是适度的。对双硫磷的抗药性的发现促使OCP的研究人员尝试替代杀虫剂。其中,对罗非鱼脑乙酰胆碱酯活性影响最大的是氯磷、甲基氯吡虫磷和甲基吡虫磷,但使用剂量要高得多(0.05 mg/l 24小时,是双硫磷的144倍)。结果表明,三种替代杀虫剂的抑制作用明显比双硫磷更重要,但恢复正常活性所需的时间要长得多。
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引用次数: 0
[Pulmonary intoxication by accidental inhalation of a household aerosol water repellent]. [因意外吸入家用喷雾防水剂引起的肺中毒]。
G Thibaut, J L Wylomanski, D Laroche

Two young people, a 23 year man and his wife aged 21, are admitted in hospital because they complain of headache; nausea, dyspnea. These symptoms are related with the use of a water-reppellent spray in bad conditions; troubles appear because the product is used in an insufficiently ventilated room. At the admission time, the man suffers from coughing, polypnea, giddiness, the fever is 38 degrees, 3 C. The blood gas values are normal. The thoracic Xray is also normal. The woman is more affected the fever is 38,8 degrees C. The signs are worse and the blood value of Co is 5%. The blood gas values are: PO2 64,8 mm HG, SaO2 92,4%, PCO2 28,8 mm Hg. The chest Xray shows signs of acute pulmonary oedema. Corticoïds and furosemide give a progressive improvement. 48 h later a favorable evolution is noted in the two cases. The german manufacturer of the product gave its composition which is as follows: - petrol 17,3% - essence 15,3% - methylen chloride 13,7% - freon (trichlorofluoro-methane - dichlorofluoromethane) 42,2% - impregnant (melamine resin; organic methylic soap) 2,6% - propan butan 9,2%. The compound responsible for the symptomatology is petrol vapour which, if inhalated, is well known to produce pulmonary toxicity. The woman's condition was worse because she used the spray herself and therefore inhaled a lot a vapours. With this type of product the direction for use have to be strictly followed ie the operation must take place in a well ventilated room.

两个年轻人,一个23岁的男人和他21岁的妻子,因为抱怨头痛而住进了医院;恶心,呼吸困难。这些症状与在恶劣条件下使用驱水喷雾有关;产品在通风不充分的房间使用会出现问题。入院时,患者咳嗽、呼吸急促、头晕,发热38度3℃,血气值正常。胸部x光片也正常。女性受影响更大,体温为38.8℃,症状更严重,血Co值为5%。血气值:PO2 64,8 mm HG, SaO2 92,4%, PCO2 28,8 mm HG,胸部x线显示急性肺水肿征象。Corticoïds和速尿的作用是逐步改善。48小时后,这两种情况发生了有利的变化。该产品的德国制造商给出了其组成如下:-汽油17.3% -香精15.3% -氯化亚甲基13.7% -氟里昂(三氯氟甲烷-二氯氟甲烷)42.2% -浸渍(三聚氰胺树脂;有机甲基皂)2,6% -丙丁醇9,2%。引起症状的化合物是汽油蒸气,如果吸入,众所周知会产生肺毒性。这名妇女的情况更糟,因为她自己使用喷雾器,因此吸入了很多蒸汽。使用这种产品必须严格遵守使用说明,即必须在通风良好的房间内进行操作。
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引用次数: 0
[Topographic distribution of arsenous anhydride in pregnant mice using macroscopic autoradiography]. [用肉眼放射自显影法测定妊娠小鼠体内酸酐亚砷的地形分布]。
C Brunet, M Luyckx, M Cazin

Radioactive arsenic trioxide is given to pregnant mice in order to complete a recent pharmacokinetics study in the same species and to investigate an eventual transplacental passage, whole body autoradiographic study is performed in the mouse after a single administration of that compound considering its fast elimination process. Both in mice and foetus a fixation has particularly kept our attention: the radioactivity is well fixed in the bone marrow and it might be related to some malformations which occur in the newborns.

放射性三氧化二砷被给予怀孕小鼠,以完成最近在同一物种中的药代动力学研究,并调查最终的经胎盘通道,考虑到其快速消除过程,在小鼠单次给予该化合物后进行全身放射自显影研究。在老鼠和胎儿身上,一种固定尤其引起了我们的注意:放射性在骨髓中固定得很好,这可能与新生儿出现的一些畸形有关。
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引用次数: 0
[Action of F- on liver metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine and benzo(a)pyrene in the rat]. [F-对大鼠肝脏二甲基亚硝胺和苯并(a)芘代谢的影响]。
H Do Phuoc, G Bompart, P Bourbon, L Bouteille

The authors carried out this study according to three parameters (dose, level, age of the rats and way of administration) on the action of fluor study in liver metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine and benzo(a)pyrene. The results showed that, in parallel with the increase of the dose level, at certain concentrations, it occurs generally an induction of dimethylnitrosamine-demethylase and a decrease in the amount of cytochrome P450 either by intraperitoneal injection, by ingestion or by inhalation. On the other hand, fluoride does not affect benzo(a)pyrene metabolism. Moreover, inhalation of FH looks the most suitable for this study. It allows to keep a relatively constant rate of F' in the blood and bring about more important changes in the metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine (30 to 70% induction) and in the amount of cytochrome P450 (10 to 40% decrease), as compared to the controls. The results suggest that, in the conditions of our experiments, fluoride would exert an favourable effect on the carcinogenic power of dimethylnitrosamine without affecting benzo(a)pyrene one.

根据剂量、水平、大鼠年龄和给药方式三个参数对氟对二甲亚硝胺和苯并(a)芘肝脏代谢的影响进行了研究。结果表明,随着剂量水平的增加,在一定浓度下,通过腹腔注射、食入或吸入,普遍发生二甲基亚硝胺-去甲基化酶的诱导和细胞色素P450的量的减少。另一方面,氟化物不影响苯并(a)芘的代谢。此外,吸入FH看起来最适合本研究。与对照组相比,它可以使血液中的F'保持相对恒定的速率,并在二甲基亚硝胺的代谢(诱导30%至70%)和细胞色素P450的量(减少10%至40%)方面带来更重要的变化。结果表明,在我们的实验条件下,氟化物会对二甲基亚硝胺的致癌力产生有利的影响,而不会影响苯并(a)芘1。
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引用次数: 0
[Pulmonary edema caused by heroin. Hemodynamic study of 2 cases]. 海洛因引起的肺水肿。2例血流动力学研究]。
P Sauder, J Kopferschmitt, F Flecsh, L Asmarats, A Jaeger, J M Mantz

The authors report two cases of heroin induced pulmonary edema. In both cases the severity of respiratory failure, attested by a deep hypoxemia (paO2 28 and 32 mmHg) and a metabolic and respiratory acidosis (pH 7.07 and 7.14) imposed an artificial ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). Hemodynamic study revealed a noncardiogenic edema. In both cases, a cardiac insufficiency was also present : in the first case it's etiology remained unclear, in the second it was a complication of hyperkalemia.

作者报告了两例海洛因引起的肺水肿。在这两个病例中,呼吸衰竭的严重程度,由深度低氧血症(paO2 28和32 mmHg)和代谢性和呼吸性酸中毒(pH 7.07和7.14)证明,需要人工通气,呼气末正压(PEEP)。血流动力学检查显示非心源性水肿。在这两个病例中,心功能不全也存在:在第一个病例中,它的病因尚不清楚,在第二个病例中,它是高钾血症的并发症。
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引用次数: 0
[Effects of irradiated wheat flour in the AKR mouse. III. Effects of activity of hepatic and pancreatic enzymes]. 辐照小麦粉对AKR小鼠的影响。3肝脏和胰腺酶活性的影响[j]。
M P Delcour-Firquet

The livers and the pancreas of AKR mice fed with irradiated or non-irradiated wheat flour were homogenized to measure the activities of the follow enzymes : alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose . 6 . phosphate dehydrogenase, amylase. No effect could be demonstrated.

分别饲喂辐照或未辐照小麦粉的AKR小鼠肝脏和胰腺均质,测定碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶和葡萄糖酶的活性。6。磷酸脱氢酶,淀粉酶。没有任何效果可以证明。
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引用次数: 0
[Minor and fatal complications due to treating polytetrafluoroethylene in an industrial environment: clinical observations and physicochemical measurement of the polluted atmosphere]. [在工业环境中处理聚四氟乙烯引起的轻微和致命并发症:被污染大气的临床观察和物理化学测量]。
F Auclair, P Baudot, D Beiler, J C Limasset
{"title":"[Minor and fatal complications due to treating polytetrafluoroethylene in an industrial environment: clinical observations and physicochemical measurement of the polluted atmosphere].","authors":"F Auclair,&nbsp;P Baudot,&nbsp;D Beiler,&nbsp;J C Limasset","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23153,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological European research. Recherche europeenne en toxicologie","volume":"5 1","pages":"43-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17906688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Toxicological European research. Recherche europeenne en toxicologie
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