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[Collective acute poisoning by nitrous gases]. [集体急性亚氮中毒]。
M D Touze, P Desjars, D Baron, F Tasseau, A Y Delajartre, F Nicolas

A collective nitrous fumes poisoning (five cases) is reported. Two patients (case 3 and case 4) were comatose, in severe respiratory distress. Shock and slate blue cyanosis were noted. Physical examination and chest X ray revealed acute pulmonary edema-Methemoglobin levels were 71,3% (case 3) and 58% (case 4). Despite treatment both of them died from severe hypoxia resulting in cardiorespiratory arrest. Post-mortem examination was performed upon these four men. On admission the last one (case 5) was conscious, and in good hemodynamic condition. Acute pulmonary edema and cyanosis were present. Methemoglobin level was 37,3%. This patient recovered appropriate therapy. For case 1 and 2 acute anoxia due to methemoglobinemia seems to be cause of death. For cases 3 and 4 death is due to hypoxemia associated with pulmonary edema.

报告集体亚氮烟雾中毒(5例)。2例患者(病例3和病例4)昏迷,严重呼吸窘迫。休克和板岩蓝紫绀。体格检查和胸部X线片显示急性肺水肿-高铁血红蛋白水平分别为71.3%(病例3)和58%(病例4)。尽管治疗,两例患者均死于严重缺氧导致的心肺骤停。对这四个人进行了尸检。入院时,最后一例(病例5)意识清醒,血流动力学状况良好。急性肺水肿和紫绀。高铁血红蛋白水平为37.3%。这个病人得到了适当的治疗。对于病例1和2,高铁血红蛋白血症引起的急性缺氧似乎是死亡原因。病例3和4的死亡是由于低氧血症伴肺水肿。
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引用次数: 0
[Poisoning with chlorine gas. Immediate and late sequelae]. 氯气中毒。直接和晚期的后遗症]。
J Faure, P Arsac, X Bouissou, L Barret

The goal of this study is to appreciate the early and late sequelae caused by Chlorine Gas. 186 exposed patients have been admitted to our unit since 1962-119 had functional respiratory explorations (FRE) with an analysis of blood gases, 79 underwent a study of carbon monoxide transfer. The results are in accordance with the literature for example 25% of the CO transfer test were pathological. 56 occupationally exposed subjects having had at least three acute episodes of exposure have been compared to 197 control subjects (groups were classed in function of age, tobacco intake, and pulmonary antecedent). Chlorine exposure even when frequent has no the influence on the FRE results or the appearance of pulmonary pathology. The pre-existence of a pulmonary disease doesn't affect the prognosis.

本研究的目的是了解氯气引起的早期和晚期后遗症。自1962年以来,已有186名暴露于氯气的患者入院,其中119人进行了功能呼吸探查(FRE)和血气分析,79人进行了一氧化碳转移研究。结果与文献一致,例如25%的CO转移试验是病理的。56名至少有三次急性暴露发作的职业暴露者与197名对照者进行了比较(各组按年龄、烟草摄入量和肺部病史进行分类)。即使频繁接触氯,也不会对FRE结果或肺部病理表现产生影响。先前存在的肺部疾病不会影响预后。
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引用次数: 0
[Acute poisoning by inhalation of metallic vapors]. [吸入金属蒸气引起的急性中毒]。
A Jaeger, J Kopferschmitt, P Sauder, J M Mantz

Seven cases of acute intoxications by inhalation of metallic vapors are reported. The metals involved were zinc in three cases, tin in one case and mercury in three cases. The severity of the respiratory symptoms was dependent from the inhalated metal. The inhalation of zinc or tin vapors produced an acute limited pneumonitis. A lesional pulmonary oedema and acute interstitial fibrosis with lethal outcome was observed in two cases of intoxication by mercury vapors. The treatment by dimercaptopropanol used in mercury intoxications, increased urinary mercury excretion, but did not improve the pulmonary symptoms.

本文报告了7例因吸入金属蒸气而急性中毒的病例。涉及的金属是锌(3例)、锡(1例)和汞(3例)。呼吸道症状的严重程度取决于所吸入的金属。吸入锌或锡蒸气可引起急性局限性肺炎。在汞蒸气中毒的两例中,观察到病变肺水肿和急性间质纤维化的致命结果。用二巯基丙醇治疗汞中毒,尿汞排泄量增加,但没有改善肺部症状。
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引用次数: 0
[The pulmonary toxicity of mercury vapors in the rat]. [大鼠体内汞蒸气的肺毒性]。
A Jaeger, M Leroy, M Ledig, A Warter, M Zaehringer, R Heimburger, S Bahman, J M Mantz

Rats have been exposed for periods of 120 to 240 minutes to an atmosphere containing 6 +/- 0.7 mg per cu.m mercury vapor. All rats developed an acute respiratory distress which lead to death within 2 to 210 hours (mean 53.5 h). Microscopical examination of the lungs showed an oedema rich in fibrin, an epithelial necrosis, hyaline membranes and in two cases an interstitial fibrosis. Mercury levels in the lungs ranged between 0.5 and 9.37 micrograms per gramme wet weight. The activity of pulmonary superoxide dismutase was decreased to 1.57 +/- 0.66 micrograms per mg of soluble proteins, compared with the level of 5.01 +/- 0.76 micrograms per mg in control rats. This study confirm the pulmonary toxicity of mercury vapors observed in human intoxication.

将大鼠暴露在含有6 +/- 0.7 mg / cu的大气中120至240分钟。M汞蒸气。所有大鼠均出现急性呼吸窘迫,在2 ~ 210小时(平均53.5小时)内死亡。肺镜检查显示富含纤维蛋白的水肿,上皮坏死,透明膜,2例间质纤维化。肺部的汞含量在每克湿重0.5到9.37微克之间。肺超氧化物歧化酶活性降至1.57 +/- 0.66微克/毫克可溶性蛋白,而对照组为5.01 +/- 0.76微克/毫克。本研究证实了在人体中毒中观察到的汞蒸气的肺毒性。
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引用次数: 0
[Prognostic factors in acute paraquat poisoning. A retrospective study of cases registered by the Poison Control Center of Paris in 1981]. 急性百草枯中毒的预后因素。对1981年巴黎毒物控制中心登记的病例进行回顾性研究]。
J H Frelon, P Merigot, R Garnier, C Bismuth, M L Efthymiou

Twenty years after the publication of the first cases, the intoxication with the herbicide Paraquat still has a low prognosis because of no efficient treatment. But many studies have allowed the definition of prognostic factors. Nearly, BISMUTH and als(2) demonstrated that the following criteria are significant: the oral route, the gastric lesions, the organic renal failure, the plasma-Paraquat concentration. Through a series of cases collected in 1981 at the Poison Control Center of Paris, the following prognostic factors have been studied: route of administration, sex of patient, circumstances of the poisoning, ingested volume, concentration of the solution, existence of an emetic in the commercial solution, gastric content, lesions of the upper digestive tract (mouth, oesophagus, stomach), renal impairment, hepatic failure, blood gasometry, lung function tests, plasma and urine paraquat concentrations. Forty-one cases were collected during this period, with thirty-four concerning acute Paraquat poisonings in humans. We studied twenty-seven of them caused by acute oral poisoning, with accidental circumstances in nine cases (two died) and intentional circumstances in eighteen cases (all died) (other cases concerned two ocular projections, four inhalations and one skin projection). The interest of this new investigation is the particularity of our series. Because of our recruitment (larger geographic distribution of patients, larger diversity of circumstances, of routes of administration, of ingested quantities, of treatments...). This series of cases is quite different from others previously published. This study confirms the validity of prognostic factors defined by BISMUTH and als(2). The factors, which look significant, strictly depend on the ingested quantity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

在第一例病例发表20年后,由于没有有效的治疗方法,百草枯中毒的预后仍然很低。但许多研究允许对预后因素进行定义。近,BISMUTH和als(2)表明以下标准是显著的:口服途径,胃病变,器质性肾功能衰竭,血浆百草枯浓度。通过1981年在巴黎毒物控制中心收集的一系列病例,研究了以下预测因素:给药途径、患者性别、中毒情况、摄入量、溶液浓度、商业溶液中是否存在催吐物、胃内容物、上消化道病变(口腔、食道、胃)、肾功能损害、肝功能衰竭、血气测定、肺功能检查、血浆和尿液百草枯浓度。在此期间收集了41例病例,其中34例涉及人类急性百草枯中毒。我们研究了27例由急性口服中毒引起的病例,其中9例为意外情况(2例死亡),18例为故意情况(全部死亡)(其他病例涉及2例眼部突出,4例吸入和1例皮肤突出)。这项新调查的趣味在于我们这个系列的特殊性。因为我们的招募(患者的地理分布更大,情况更多样化,给药途径,摄入量,治疗……)。这一系列病例与以前发表的其他病例有很大不同。本研究证实了BISMUTH和als定义的预后因素的有效性(2)。这些看起来很重要的因素严格取决于摄入的量。(摘要删节250字)
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引用次数: 0
[Acute carbon monoxide poisoning: lung injury or cardiogenic pulmonary edema?]. 【急性一氧化碳中毒:肺损伤还是心源性肺水肿?】
D Perrot, Y Bouffard, J J Lehot, B Delafosse, C Guillaume, J Motin

The authors report 7 cases of acute pulmonary edema in acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Hemodynamic data suggest existence of a myocardial failure as a possible cause of these pulmonary edema and indicate caution for volemic expansion during the treatment of shock in carbon monoxide poisoning.

报告急性一氧化碳中毒并发急性肺水肿7例。血流动力学数据提示心肌衰竭可能是导致肺水肿的原因,并提示在一氧化碳中毒休克治疗过程中应注意容血扩张。
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引用次数: 0
[Drug addiction by inhalation of gasoline vapor. Clinical and toxicological aspects]. 因吸入汽油蒸气而吸毒成瘾。临床和毒理学方面]。
L Lenoir, G Fleury, J P Huvenne, M Devaux, P Tran Van Ky

Following an epidemic of sniffing petrol fumes and the death of a child, the authors review published findings of this little-known type of toxicomania. They envisage the Clinical and Toxicological problems. Researching and identifying the petrol remain problems. It is possible to detect the traces of petrol directly in the blood by gaz chromatography on a capillary column coupled to flame ionisation detector but it not possible to identify the product with complete certainly. The gas liquid on a packed column detected by Fournier transformed infra-red spectrography can be given to identification with total accuracy.

在一场闻汽油味的流行病和一名儿童的死亡之后,作者回顾了这种鲜为人知的中毒癖的已发表的研究结果。他们设想了临床和毒理学问题。研究和鉴定汽油仍然是一个问题。用气相色谱法在毛细管柱上耦合火焰电离检测器,可以直接检测血液中的汽油痕迹,但不可能完全肯定地识别产品。用傅里叶变换红外光谱法检测填充柱上的气液,可以给出完全准确的鉴别。
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引用次数: 0
[Toxicity and dangers of volatile nitrites sold in sex shops]. [性用品商店出售的挥发性亚硝酸盐的毒性和危险性]。
J Arditti, P Jean, J M David, A Malavaud, R Fauchier, A Brun, J Jouglard

The authors report a case of methemoglobinemia following a suicidal attempts with a popper containing isobutyl nitrite. The toxic effects of this substances, either by ingestion or inhalation, are described as well as risks of use in "everyday life". Regulations, still incomplete has been suggested in USA. In France, preventive measures should be taken.

作者报告了一例高铁血红蛋白血症后自杀企图与罂粟含有异丁基亚硝酸盐。这些物质的毒性作用,无论是通过摄入或吸入,以及在“日常生活”中使用的风险进行了描述。美国已经提出了尚不完善的法规。在法国,应该采取预防措施。
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引用次数: 0
[Reflections on the innocuity of food irradiation for preservation]. 【关于食品辐照保鲜无害化的思考】。
R Truhaut, R Ferrando
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引用次数: 0
[Acute pulmonary edema in carbon monoxide poisoning. Prognostic effect]. 一氧化碳中毒致急性肺水肿。预后的影响。
A Durocher, F Saulnier, D Dubois, F Fourrier, C Chopin, F Wattel

285 patients affected by carbon monoxide poisoning were admitted in our intensive care unit over a period of two years (from july 1980 to july 1982). 18 patients had a pulmonary edema (P.E.). The occurrence of P.E. was more frequent when coma was grade 2, 3 or 4 (p less than 10(-3]. The acute physiologic score (weighting of physiologic measurements) as proposed by Knauss is higher in patients with P.E. (p less than 10(-2]. However death is never due to P.E.; about 54 patients with coma, 5 died; death is related to neurologic aggravation. Neurologic sequelae are not related to the occurrence of P.E. but to a delay in hyperbaric oxygen therapy. These date show that prognosis of carbon monoxide poisoning is related to neurological status and is not influenced by the occurrence of P.E. when correctly treated and when hyperbaric oxygen therapy is early realized.

从1980年7月至1982年7月,我们的重症监护病房收治了285例一氧化碳中毒患者。18例患者出现肺水肿(pe)。昏迷2、3、4级时多发P.E. (p < 10(-3))。Knauss提出的急性生理评分(生理测量加权)在P.E.患者中较高(p < 10(-2))。然而,死亡从来不是因为体育;昏迷54例,死亡5例;死亡与神经系统恶化有关。神经系统后遗症与P.E.的发生无关,而与高压氧治疗的延迟有关。这些数据表明,一氧化碳中毒的预后与神经系统状况有关,在正确治疗和早期高压氧治疗的情况下,不受P.E.的影响。
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Toxicological European research. Recherche europeenne en toxicologie
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