Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2213318
I. Kaur, H. Dhillon, Sakshi Sharma
Abstract In the present study, soil contamination by arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, uranium and zinc; and associated human health risks were assessed at 30 agricultural sites in Ferozepur District, Punjab. Above 90% soil samples had high content of chloride, sodium and potassium. Cadmium, arsenic, zinc and lead in 100%, 76.67%, 76.67% and 66.67% samples exceeded their safe limits (mg/kg; 0.06, 20, 50 and 10, respectively). Individual/multi-elemental indices indicated high PTEs contamination in soils posing low to considerable ecological risk. Principal components PCI and PCII contributed 44.748% and 30.476% variance in data, respectively. PTEs in soils were classified in two categories using cluster analysis (I: Cd, U, Co, Pb, Ni, Cr, As, Cu, Zn and Mn; II: Fe), indicating both geogenic and anthropogenic origins. Health risks due to PTE exposure via dermal contact, inhalation and ingestion were also assessed. Children were found to be highly prone to non-cancer health risk (mean hazard index = 1.30) by As exposure, mainly via ingestion pathway. High total cancer risk was posed to residents via As (7.52E-05) and Cr (9.17E-06) exposure, primarily through ingestion. Bioremediation and efficient disposal of solid and liquid wastes may reduce soil contamination in the study area.
{"title":"Human health risks in Ferozepur District, Punjab, India due to potentially toxic elements in agricultural soils","authors":"I. Kaur, H. Dhillon, Sakshi Sharma","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2213318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2213318","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the present study, soil contamination by arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, uranium and zinc; and associated human health risks were assessed at 30 agricultural sites in Ferozepur District, Punjab. Above 90% soil samples had high content of chloride, sodium and potassium. Cadmium, arsenic, zinc and lead in 100%, 76.67%, 76.67% and 66.67% samples exceeded their safe limits (mg/kg; 0.06, 20, 50 and 10, respectively). Individual/multi-elemental indices indicated high PTEs contamination in soils posing low to considerable ecological risk. Principal components PCI and PCII contributed 44.748% and 30.476% variance in data, respectively. PTEs in soils were classified in two categories using cluster analysis (I: Cd, U, Co, Pb, Ni, Cr, As, Cu, Zn and Mn; II: Fe), indicating both geogenic and anthropogenic origins. Health risks due to PTE exposure via dermal contact, inhalation and ingestion were also assessed. Children were found to be highly prone to non-cancer health risk (mean hazard index = 1.30) by As exposure, mainly via ingestion pathway. High total cancer risk was posed to residents via As (7.52E-05) and Cr (9.17E-06) exposure, primarily through ingestion. Bioremediation and efficient disposal of solid and liquid wastes may reduce soil contamination in the study area.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"640 - 654"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42971955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2213323
M. Ataee, Toraj Ahmadi Jouybari, Hawre Lateef Ahmed, Hadi Ahmadi Jouybari, M. Pirsaheb, N. Fattahi
Abstract In this research, an eco-friendly method was established by vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the deep eutectic solvent (VA–DLLME–DES). The performance of the proposed method was demonstrated by the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in blood samples of fuel stations workers combined with GC–FID. The selected hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent is consisting of l-menthol and (1S)-(+)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid (CSA) at a 5:1 molar ratio as a green solvent instead of traditional toxic organic solvents. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the introduced method exhibited good linearity with a coefficient of determinations (r 2) higher than 0.9985 and an acceptable linear range of 0.03–80 µg l–1. Accordingly, the limits of detection (S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (S/N = 10) were in the ranges of 0.01–0.04 µg l−1 and 0.03–0.10 µg l−1, respectively. Blood BTEX levels of fuel stations workers were analyzed based on age, duration of working at the station, smokers or nonsmokers, and station type (CNG, gasoline, and dual-purpose). The results showed that there was no significant difference between blood BTEX levels in different age groups, while the concentration of BTEX compounds increases with the increase of working time in the station. Blood BTEX levels were much higher in smokers than in nonsmokers.
{"title":"Evaluation of blood BTEX levels in fuel stations workers using vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on deep eutectic solvent followed by gas chromatography flame-ionization detector","authors":"M. Ataee, Toraj Ahmadi Jouybari, Hawre Lateef Ahmed, Hadi Ahmadi Jouybari, M. Pirsaheb, N. Fattahi","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2213323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2213323","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this research, an eco-friendly method was established by vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the deep eutectic solvent (VA–DLLME–DES). The performance of the proposed method was demonstrated by the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in blood samples of fuel stations workers combined with GC–FID. The selected hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent is consisting of l-menthol and (1S)-(+)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid (CSA) at a 5:1 molar ratio as a green solvent instead of traditional toxic organic solvents. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the introduced method exhibited good linearity with a coefficient of determinations (r 2) higher than 0.9985 and an acceptable linear range of 0.03–80 µg l–1. Accordingly, the limits of detection (S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (S/N = 10) were in the ranges of 0.01–0.04 µg l−1 and 0.03–0.10 µg l−1, respectively. Blood BTEX levels of fuel stations workers were analyzed based on age, duration of working at the station, smokers or nonsmokers, and station type (CNG, gasoline, and dual-purpose). The results showed that there was no significant difference between blood BTEX levels in different age groups, while the concentration of BTEX compounds increases with the increase of working time in the station. Blood BTEX levels were much higher in smokers than in nonsmokers.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"671 - 679"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41917280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2213319
S. Imam, R. Adnan, Noor Haida Mohd Kaus, Najm Us Saqib
Abstract Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a frequently prescribed antibiotic for various medicinal purposes that have been detected in surface water, wastewater, and wastewater treatment plants. It is a persistent organic pollutant due to its halogenated heterocyclic structure and high chemical stability at a wide range of pH. The presence of CIP in wastewater treatment plants is an indication that the antibiotic could not be removed via conventional methods. Recently, various researchers have reported the successful elimination of CIP from polluted water via photocatalytic degradation. The degradation efficacy of a photocatalyst is in direct relation to the choice of the photocatalyst and the experimental conditions employed. This review elaborates on the available literature on the photocatalytic degradation of CIP and the role of various operational parameters including photocatalyst type, modification and dosage, initial substrate concentration, pH of the reaction medium, and ionic components on the photocatalytic degradation of CIP in aqueous media. The obtained results revealed that better degradation results are recorded using various catalysts at acidic pH values, and up to 100% degradation efficiency can be achieved with catalyst modification.
{"title":"Influence of various operational parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin in aqueous media: a short review","authors":"S. Imam, R. Adnan, Noor Haida Mohd Kaus, Najm Us Saqib","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2213319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2213319","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a frequently prescribed antibiotic for various medicinal purposes that have been detected in surface water, wastewater, and wastewater treatment plants. It is a persistent organic pollutant due to its halogenated heterocyclic structure and high chemical stability at a wide range of pH. The presence of CIP in wastewater treatment plants is an indication that the antibiotic could not be removed via conventional methods. Recently, various researchers have reported the successful elimination of CIP from polluted water via photocatalytic degradation. The degradation efficacy of a photocatalyst is in direct relation to the choice of the photocatalyst and the experimental conditions employed. This review elaborates on the available literature on the photocatalytic degradation of CIP and the role of various operational parameters including photocatalyst type, modification and dosage, initial substrate concentration, pH of the reaction medium, and ionic components on the photocatalytic degradation of CIP in aqueous media. The obtained results revealed that better degradation results are recorded using various catalysts at acidic pH values, and up to 100% degradation efficiency can be achieved with catalyst modification.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"655 - 670"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43681014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2204367
S. Çınar, Ayşe Dinçer, A. Eser, T. Aydemir
Abstract In this study, chitosan-nanoclay composite beads (CS/NC composite beads) were used to remove Ponceau S from aqueous solutions. CS/NC composites characterization was performed with FTIR, SEM-EDX, TGA, BET and XRD analyzes. The adsorption procedure was optimized by changing various parameters in batch experiments such as pH, dye concentration, contact time and temperature. Ponceau S adsorption took place at a higher rate in the acidic region, and the highest adsorption was observed at pH 2.0. The amount of adsorbed dye increased as the temperature increased at low dye concentrations and the time required to reach equilibrium was shorter than at higher dye concentrations. Linear and non-linear forms of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption models were applied. The adsorption behavior of Ponceau S is compatible with the linear Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 140.85 mg g-1. Linear and nonlinear forms of adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic parameters were investigated for dye concentrations of 150-400 mg/L. The adsorption kinetics fit the linear pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Ponceau S adsorption on CS/NC composites was spontaneous and endothermic. The results show that the CS/NC composites can be used as an effective adsorbent in industrial wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Application of crosslinked chitosan-nanoclay composite beads for efficient removal of Ponceau S azo dye from aqueous medium","authors":"S. Çınar, Ayşe Dinçer, A. Eser, T. Aydemir","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2204367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2204367","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, chitosan-nanoclay composite beads (CS/NC composite beads) were used to remove Ponceau S from aqueous solutions. CS/NC composites characterization was performed with FTIR, SEM-EDX, TGA, BET and XRD analyzes. The adsorption procedure was optimized by changing various parameters in batch experiments such as pH, dye concentration, contact time and temperature. Ponceau S adsorption took place at a higher rate in the acidic region, and the highest adsorption was observed at pH 2.0. The amount of adsorbed dye increased as the temperature increased at low dye concentrations and the time required to reach equilibrium was shorter than at higher dye concentrations. Linear and non-linear forms of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption models were applied. The adsorption behavior of Ponceau S is compatible with the linear Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 140.85 mg g-1. Linear and nonlinear forms of adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic parameters were investigated for dye concentrations of 150-400 mg/L. The adsorption kinetics fit the linear pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Ponceau S adsorption on CS/NC composites was spontaneous and endothermic. The results show that the CS/NC composites can be used as an effective adsorbent in industrial wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"599 - 614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41804228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-03DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2205538
A. Adeyi, Abideen Omobayo Jimoh, B. S. Ajisebiola, O. Adeyi, D. Metibemu, R. Okonji
Abstract Phospholipases are one of the principal toxic enzymes in snake venoms inducing a wide variety of pharmacological effects after envenomation. Natural inhibitors from plants are known to inhibit the toxic enzyme activities of snake venoms. In this study, ethanol crude extract of M. oleifera leaves was partitioned using n-hexane and ethyl acetate after which fractionation was done using column and thin layer chromatography. Subsequently, the inhibitory activities of the crude extract and sub-fractions of M. oleifera were investigated against phospholipases A2 isolated from Naja haje and Naja nigricollis venoms using in vitro and in-silico approaches while EchiTab-PLUS polyvalent antivenom was used as the standard drug. The molecular weight of isolated N. haje phospholipase A2 (NH-PL) and N. nigricollis phospholipase A2 (NN-PL) were 24.11 and 35.22 kDa respectively. NH-PL enzyme had a specific activity of 2.70 μM/min/mg substrate while NN-PL activity was 2.10 μM/min/mg substrate. The Km of NH-PL was 0.330 μM with Vmax of 0.085 μM/mL min while NN-PL had Vmax of 0.198 μM/mL.min and Km of 0.670 μM. M. oleifera n-hexane sub-fraction 5 (MOLH5) exhibited a total inhibition of NN-PL and NH-PL enzyme activities at all concentrations used. Molecular docking of the phytoconstituents of MOLH5 against the catalytic site of phospholipase A2 revealed 2-Hydrazino-8-hydroxy-4-phenylquinoline as the lead compound and a potential drug candidate with a docking score of −6.789 kcal/mol. Findings indicated that MOLH5 possesses phospholipase A2 natural inhibitors that could be explored as a therapy for snake envenoming.
{"title":"Inhibition of phospholipase A2 from Naja haje and Naja nigricollis venoms by active fraction of Moringa oleifera leaves: in vitro and in silico methods","authors":"A. Adeyi, Abideen Omobayo Jimoh, B. S. Ajisebiola, O. Adeyi, D. Metibemu, R. Okonji","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2205538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2205538","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phospholipases are one of the principal toxic enzymes in snake venoms inducing a wide variety of pharmacological effects after envenomation. Natural inhibitors from plants are known to inhibit the toxic enzyme activities of snake venoms. In this study, ethanol crude extract of M. oleifera leaves was partitioned using n-hexane and ethyl acetate after which fractionation was done using column and thin layer chromatography. Subsequently, the inhibitory activities of the crude extract and sub-fractions of M. oleifera were investigated against phospholipases A2 isolated from Naja haje and Naja nigricollis venoms using in vitro and in-silico approaches while EchiTab-PLUS polyvalent antivenom was used as the standard drug. The molecular weight of isolated N. haje phospholipase A2 (NH-PL) and N. nigricollis phospholipase A2 (NN-PL) were 24.11 and 35.22 kDa respectively. NH-PL enzyme had a specific activity of 2.70 μM/min/mg substrate while NN-PL activity was 2.10 μM/min/mg substrate. The Km of NH-PL was 0.330 μM with Vmax of 0.085 μM/mL min while NN-PL had Vmax of 0.198 μM/mL.min and Km of 0.670 μM. M. oleifera n-hexane sub-fraction 5 (MOLH5) exhibited a total inhibition of NN-PL and NH-PL enzyme activities at all concentrations used. Molecular docking of the phytoconstituents of MOLH5 against the catalytic site of phospholipase A2 revealed 2-Hydrazino-8-hydroxy-4-phenylquinoline as the lead compound and a potential drug candidate with a docking score of −6.789 kcal/mol. Findings indicated that MOLH5 possesses phospholipase A2 natural inhibitors that could be explored as a therapy for snake envenoming.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"629 - 639"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47869510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2204348
Henrique G. Riva, A. R. Amarillo‐S
Abstract Toxins from venomous animals are proteins used for their defense or to hunt. Lonomia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) caterpillars can be lethal, and accidental inoculation of the venom from its bristles into human skin causes systemic blood coagulation disorders. Several reviews have investigated the pathophysiology of lonomic poisoning; however, considering the potential of venoms for bioprospecting, this review focuses on the different applications of substances derived from Lonomia spp. Following PRISMA guidelines, 39 articles were selected from 1032 papers published from 1996 to 2019. Nine different applications of substances derived from Lonomia spp. were identified: lonomic antivenom, use in cell culture, thrombosis treatment, wound healing, antiviral and antibiotic treatment, Lonomia population control, platelet adhesion research and cancer treatment. The most-reported application (38%) involved using lonomic components as cell survival promoters in cell culture. This review also notes the current knowledge gaps that block the practical use of these molecules. Several additional applications, including thrombosis treatment, wound healing, antiviral and antibiotic treatment, Lonomia population control, platelet adhesion research and cancer treatment, are limited by similar knowledge gaps related to the shortage or absence of in vivo studies. Finally, antiviral treatment and thrombosis treatment are two applications that require recombinant production of the molecule studied.
{"title":"A systematic review of the bioprospecting potential of Lonomia spp. (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)","authors":"Henrique G. Riva, A. R. Amarillo‐S","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2204348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2204348","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Toxins from venomous animals are proteins used for their defense or to hunt. Lonomia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) caterpillars can be lethal, and accidental inoculation of the venom from its bristles into human skin causes systemic blood coagulation disorders. Several reviews have investigated the pathophysiology of lonomic poisoning; however, considering the potential of venoms for bioprospecting, this review focuses on the different applications of substances derived from Lonomia spp. Following PRISMA guidelines, 39 articles were selected from 1032 papers published from 1996 to 2019. Nine different applications of substances derived from Lonomia spp. were identified: lonomic antivenom, use in cell culture, thrombosis treatment, wound healing, antiviral and antibiotic treatment, Lonomia population control, platelet adhesion research and cancer treatment. The most-reported application (38%) involved using lonomic components as cell survival promoters in cell culture. This review also notes the current knowledge gaps that block the practical use of these molecules. Several additional applications, including thrombosis treatment, wound healing, antiviral and antibiotic treatment, Lonomia population control, platelet adhesion research and cancer treatment, are limited by similar knowledge gaps related to the shortage or absence of in vivo studies. Finally, antiviral treatment and thrombosis treatment are two applications that require recombinant production of the molecule studied.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"583 - 598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47312312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2204334
L. Ahmad, S. T. Gul, Xiaoxia Du, Riaz Hussain, M. R. Khanani, Shajeela Iram, A. U. Rehman, Ahrar Khan
Abstract Pyrethroids are popular insecticides. Shortness of breath and dyspnea are key signs of exposure; however, their respiratory effects are rarely studied. This study investigated the combination and ratios of specific blood tests and lung lesions as respiratory effects of cypermethrin (CY) in rabbits. The effects of CY at various doses and times are the novelty of this study. Doses (50, 100, and 150 mg.kg-1 body weight) of CY were injected intraperitoneally every week for up to 9 weeks in rabbits assigned into four equal groups. Data analysis revealed various respiratory signs, significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower fibrinogen, higher neutrophils-lymphocytes (NL), LDH-lymphocytes (LL), and De-Ritis ratios (DR), and lesions in the lungs. The frequency and incidence of these effects were dose and dosage dependent. The CY leads to pulmonary signs and allergic effects. Lung injury increases cell-free heme in plasma, causing pulmonary edema with hemolysis. Emphysema and fibrosis followed the migration of basophils and mononuclear cells to the lungs. This study inferred that CY exposure caused lower fibrinogen, higher NL, LL, and DR ratios, and pulmonary lesions, which forecast poor immunity, especially increased risk for cardiac and lung diseases.
{"title":"Dose- and dosage-dependent spectrum of respiratory toxicity of cypermethrin in rabbits","authors":"L. Ahmad, S. T. Gul, Xiaoxia Du, Riaz Hussain, M. R. Khanani, Shajeela Iram, A. U. Rehman, Ahrar Khan","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2204334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2204334","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pyrethroids are popular insecticides. Shortness of breath and dyspnea are key signs of exposure; however, their respiratory effects are rarely studied. This study investigated the combination and ratios of specific blood tests and lung lesions as respiratory effects of cypermethrin (CY) in rabbits. The effects of CY at various doses and times are the novelty of this study. Doses (50, 100, and 150 mg.kg-1 body weight) of CY were injected intraperitoneally every week for up to 9 weeks in rabbits assigned into four equal groups. Data analysis revealed various respiratory signs, significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower fibrinogen, higher neutrophils-lymphocytes (NL), LDH-lymphocytes (LL), and De-Ritis ratios (DR), and lesions in the lungs. The frequency and incidence of these effects were dose and dosage dependent. The CY leads to pulmonary signs and allergic effects. Lung injury increases cell-free heme in plasma, causing pulmonary edema with hemolysis. Emphysema and fibrosis followed the migration of basophils and mononuclear cells to the lungs. This study inferred that CY exposure caused lower fibrinogen, higher NL, LL, and DR ratios, and pulmonary lesions, which forecast poor immunity, especially increased risk for cardiac and lung diseases.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"573 - 582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48172126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2205515
M. Daniali, M. Navaei-Nigjeh, M. Baeeri, Soheyl Mirzababaei, M. Gholami, M. Rahimifard, M. Abdollahi
Abstract Levosimendan (LEVO) is a calcium sensitizer with established inotropic and vasodilator impacts associated with ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP). Although LEVO’s role in modulating oxidative stress of cardiac cells has been studied, in the current study, LEVO was used, for the first time, to investigate its preventive and therapeutic roles in pancreatic islets through viability, functionality, and inflammation pathways as well as oxidative stress against the toxicity induced by sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). Following the optimization studies to select the proper concentrations of LEVO and NaAsO2, isolated pancreatic islets were exposed to different combinations of NaAsO2 and LEVO. MTT assay, glucose-dependent insulin secretion test, investigation of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in addition to qualification of the expressions of P16, P38, and NF-κB genes were performed to assess different underlying mechanisms to investigate the protective role of LEVO against NaAsO2-induced toxicity. This study demonstrated that NaAsO2-treated pancreatic islets’ exposure to LEVO improved their viability and functionality while modulating the generation of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. Therefore LEVO caused significant recoveries in the characteristics of the islets. The main conclusion is that LEVO showed protective impacts in pancreatic islets against exposure to NaAsO2. However, therapeutic uses of LEVO in the field of diabetes need further investigations. HIGHLIGHTS Sodium arsenite is responsible for activating the oxidative stress and inflammation pathways in pancreatic islet cells and consequently decreasing their viability and function. Treatment of pancreatic islets with sodium arsenite results in the loss of glucose-dependent insulin secretion (GDIS) which can be alleviated by levosimendan. Levosimendan modulates the decreased level of secreted insulin by preventing formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inactivating the inflammatory biomarkers. Levosimendan improves the viability and function of sodium arsenite-treated pancreatic islets by modulating insulin secretion and glucose control. Levosimendan acts as a protective agent against the toxicity induced by sodium arsenite in pancreatic islets through modulating the viability, oxidative stress, inflammation, and function pathways. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Modulating insulin secretion and inflammation against sodium arsenite toxicity by levosimendan as a novel pancreatic islets’ protector","authors":"M. Daniali, M. Navaei-Nigjeh, M. Baeeri, Soheyl Mirzababaei, M. Gholami, M. Rahimifard, M. Abdollahi","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2205515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2205515","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Levosimendan (LEVO) is a calcium sensitizer with established inotropic and vasodilator impacts associated with ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP). Although LEVO’s role in modulating oxidative stress of cardiac cells has been studied, in the current study, LEVO was used, for the first time, to investigate its preventive and therapeutic roles in pancreatic islets through viability, functionality, and inflammation pathways as well as oxidative stress against the toxicity induced by sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). Following the optimization studies to select the proper concentrations of LEVO and NaAsO2, isolated pancreatic islets were exposed to different combinations of NaAsO2 and LEVO. MTT assay, glucose-dependent insulin secretion test, investigation of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in addition to qualification of the expressions of P16, P38, and NF-κB genes were performed to assess different underlying mechanisms to investigate the protective role of LEVO against NaAsO2-induced toxicity. This study demonstrated that NaAsO2-treated pancreatic islets’ exposure to LEVO improved their viability and functionality while modulating the generation of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. Therefore LEVO caused significant recoveries in the characteristics of the islets. The main conclusion is that LEVO showed protective impacts in pancreatic islets against exposure to NaAsO2. However, therapeutic uses of LEVO in the field of diabetes need further investigations. HIGHLIGHTS Sodium arsenite is responsible for activating the oxidative stress and inflammation pathways in pancreatic islet cells and consequently decreasing their viability and function. Treatment of pancreatic islets with sodium arsenite results in the loss of glucose-dependent insulin secretion (GDIS) which can be alleviated by levosimendan. Levosimendan modulates the decreased level of secreted insulin by preventing formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inactivating the inflammatory biomarkers. Levosimendan improves the viability and function of sodium arsenite-treated pancreatic islets by modulating insulin secretion and glucose control. Levosimendan acts as a protective agent against the toxicity induced by sodium arsenite in pancreatic islets through modulating the viability, oxidative stress, inflammation, and function pathways. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"615 - 628"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42391437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-16DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2178013
Mahmoud Fazeli-Dinan, Seyed Hanif Osia-Laghab, Mina Amini, A. Davoodi, S. H. Nikookar, Jamshid Yazdani Charati, M. Azadbakht, A. Enayati
Abstract Sitophilus oryzae is an important pest of stored rice and is usually controlled by the use of aluminum phosphide, which is dangerous to humans. Botanical insecticides deemed promising alternatives in controlling this pest. In this study, extracts of Peganum harmala seeds, Pterocarya fraxinifolia leaves, and Tanacetum parthenium flowers were evaluated against S. oryzae adults. Phytochemical analyses showed that steroid, terpenoid, tannin, alkaloid, and flavonoid are present in the extracts. Bioassays revealed repellency effects of all extracts, besides, P. harmala extract exerted significant mortality (93.33 ± 6.6%, LC50: 521.06 mg/ml) hence it may have applications in preventing infestation of stored rice by S. oryzae. Highlights Plant extracts studied in this research efficiently repel rice weevil. These plant extracts show significant toxicity against rice weevil. Alkaloid, steroid, terpenoid, tannin, and flavonoid are present in extracts of these plants.
{"title":"Phytochemical composition, toxicity, and repellent effects of medicinal plants Peganum harmala, Pterocarya fraxinifolia, and Tanacetum parthenium extracts against Sitophilus oryzae L.","authors":"Mahmoud Fazeli-Dinan, Seyed Hanif Osia-Laghab, Mina Amini, A. Davoodi, S. H. Nikookar, Jamshid Yazdani Charati, M. Azadbakht, A. Enayati","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2178013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2178013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sitophilus oryzae is an important pest of stored rice and is usually controlled by the use of aluminum phosphide, which is dangerous to humans. Botanical insecticides deemed promising alternatives in controlling this pest. In this study, extracts of Peganum harmala seeds, Pterocarya fraxinifolia leaves, and Tanacetum parthenium flowers were evaluated against S. oryzae adults. Phytochemical analyses showed that steroid, terpenoid, tannin, alkaloid, and flavonoid are present in the extracts. Bioassays revealed repellency effects of all extracts, besides, P. harmala extract exerted significant mortality (93.33 ± 6.6%, LC50: 521.06 mg/ml) hence it may have applications in preventing infestation of stored rice by S. oryzae. Highlights Plant extracts studied in this research efficiently repel rice weevil. These plant extracts show significant toxicity against rice weevil. Alkaloid, steroid, terpenoid, tannin, and flavonoid are present in extracts of these plants.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"548 - 558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44505571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2175870
Z. Gholamnezhad, V. Rouki, R. Rezaee, M. Boskabady
Abstract Effect of Medicago sativa (MS) hydro-ethanolic extract against the cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced toxicity was evaluated in rats grouped as: Control; CP (100 mg/kg subcutaneous, day 1–3); and CP+ MS100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day, orally for 14 days. Hematologic, lipid, hepatic and oxidative stress markers were analyzed. Platelet, WBC, RBC, Hb and Hct in the CP group were lower than the control. The MS200 and MS400 groups had lower lipids, liver enzymes, nitrite and malondialdehyde levels but higher platelet, WBC, thiol, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels than the CP group. MS ameliorated CP-induced thrombocytopenia, oxidative stress, and increases in serum lipids and hepatic enzymes.
{"title":"Medicago sativa ameliorated cyclophosphamide-induced thrombocytopenia and oxidative stress in rats","authors":"Z. Gholamnezhad, V. Rouki, R. Rezaee, M. Boskabady","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2175870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2175870","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Effect of Medicago sativa (MS) hydro-ethanolic extract against the cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced toxicity was evaluated in rats grouped as: Control; CP (100 mg/kg subcutaneous, day 1–3); and CP+ MS100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day, orally for 14 days. Hematologic, lipid, hepatic and oxidative stress markers were analyzed. Platelet, WBC, RBC, Hb and Hct in the CP group were lower than the control. The MS200 and MS400 groups had lower lipids, liver enzymes, nitrite and malondialdehyde levels but higher platelet, WBC, thiol, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels than the CP group. MS ameliorated CP-induced thrombocytopenia, oxidative stress, and increases in serum lipids and hepatic enzymes.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"527 - 536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49567406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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