AFs are among the most dangerous compounds, exhibiting carcinogenic effects on human and liver tissue. Due to their high toxicity and established limits in food and feed products, there is a growin...
{"title":"Advances in rapid and sensitive biosensors for AF detection: toward enhanced food safety","authors":"Bircan Dinc, Neslihan Demirci, Recep Üstünsoy, Tahsin Ertaş","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2282498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2282498","url":null,"abstract":"AFs are among the most dangerous compounds, exhibiting carcinogenic effects on human and liver tissue. Due to their high toxicity and established limits in food and feed products, there is a growin...","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138518867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2277732
Maarten B. Jalink, Jory van Thiel, Roel M. Wouters, Freek J. Vonk, Robert P.L. Wisse
AbstractSnakebite envenoming is a major public health issue in developing, often agricultural-based, tropical countries, which causes substantial mortality and morbidity. Most studies have been conducted on well-known toxic effects such as neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and hemotoxicity, however, there is scarce information on their indirect effects on the eye. In this review, we provide an overview of ocular pathologies caused by snakebite envenoming. In total, 65 cases, described in 42 case reports and series, were identified in the PubMed and Embase databases. Most reported ocular toxicities/disorders after snakebite envenoming were ophthalmoplegia (12 cases), intra- and peri-ocular hemorrhages (9 cases), and acute glaucoma (13 cases). We also discuss the possible mechanisms for these ocular pathologies. Interestingly, optic neuropathy might be an adverse effect of antivenom instead of directly being caused by envenoming. We prompt recognition of this largely overlooked topic within the field of snakebite, and further stress the need to combat this neglected tropical disease.Keywords: Ophthalmologysnakebiteenvenoming AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank Dr. Wolfgang Wüster for letting us use photographs from his personal database and Prof. Dr. Ymkje Stienstra for her useful comments on our manuscript.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
{"title":"Ocular sequelae of snakebite envenoming: a review of the indirect effects of snakebite envenoming on the eye","authors":"Maarten B. Jalink, Jory van Thiel, Roel M. Wouters, Freek J. Vonk, Robert P.L. Wisse","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2277732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2277732","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractSnakebite envenoming is a major public health issue in developing, often agricultural-based, tropical countries, which causes substantial mortality and morbidity. Most studies have been conducted on well-known toxic effects such as neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and hemotoxicity, however, there is scarce information on their indirect effects on the eye. In this review, we provide an overview of ocular pathologies caused by snakebite envenoming. In total, 65 cases, described in 42 case reports and series, were identified in the PubMed and Embase databases. Most reported ocular toxicities/disorders after snakebite envenoming were ophthalmoplegia (12 cases), intra- and peri-ocular hemorrhages (9 cases), and acute glaucoma (13 cases). We also discuss the possible mechanisms for these ocular pathologies. Interestingly, optic neuropathy might be an adverse effect of antivenom instead of directly being caused by envenoming. We prompt recognition of this largely overlooked topic within the field of snakebite, and further stress the need to combat this neglected tropical disease.Keywords: Ophthalmologysnakebiteenvenoming AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank Dr. Wolfgang Wüster for letting us use photographs from his personal database and Prof. Dr. Ymkje Stienstra for her useful comments on our manuscript.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2272174
Saba Anwar, Qamar Abbas Syed, Asad Ullah, Mehwish Arshad, Shahbaz Nasir Khan, Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain
AbstractSynthetic dyes from textile industries are designated as hazardous waste since they release heavy metals and dangerous contaminants in water that harm the environment and human health. The current study was aimed at investigating the heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cr, and Mn) in drinking water in seven regions of Faisalabad, Pakistan, through atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The physicochemical quality of 86.36% of the water samples met the WHO standards in the targeted regions, while 13.64% failed to meet the criteria. The water quality index (WQI) of selected water samples was calculated by integrating 11 physicochemical parameters, and the results indicated fair quality, whereas Madina, Jinnah, and Lyallpur Town showed poor water quality with contamination of Mn > Ni > Pb. The order of contamination for heavy metals in groundwater was Ni > Cu > Zn > Cr > Pb > Mn > Cd. The total plate count (TPC) and total coliform count (TCC) were found within the permissible range of WHO guidelines. Hence, consuming groundwater in the research regions may not present major health risks due to ingested metal toxicity; however, levels of Mn, Ni, and Pb might pose risks.HighlightsThe drinking water quality and safety of selected regions in the industrial city of Faisalabad, Pakistan, were assessedThe physicochemical quality of drinking water from targeted regions was 86.36% in compliance with World Health Organization (WHO)Microbiologically, drinking water was safe and zero fecal contamination was detectedThe water quality index of selected regions, calculated with CCME WQI was found fairKeywords: Heavy metalsmicrobial assessmentphysicochemical qualityatomic absorption spectroscopyatomic emission spectroscopy Disclosure statementAny author has no conflict of interest with other authors or agencies.Data availability statementData will be available on demand.Additional informationFundingNo funding source(s).
摘要纺织工业合成染料释放的重金属和有害污染物危害环境和人体健康，被认定为危险废物。采用原子吸收光谱(AAS)和光学发射光谱(OES)对巴基斯坦费萨拉巴德7个地区饮用水中的重金属Cd、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn、Cr和Mn进行了研究。目标区域水样理化质量达到WHO标准的占86.36%，不达标的占13.64%。综合11项理化参数计算所选水样水质指数(WQI)，水质较好，而Madina、Jinnah和Lyallpur镇水质较差，Mn > Ni > Pb污染。地下水重金属污染程度依次为Ni > Cu > Zn > Cr > Pb > Mn > Cd，总平板计数(TPC)和总大肠菌群计数(TCC)均在WHO标准允许范围内。因此，在研究区域饮用地下水可能不会因摄入金属毒性而造成重大健康风险;然而，锰、镍和铅的含量可能会带来风险。对巴基斯坦工业城市费萨拉巴德选定地区的饮用水质量和安全进行了评价，目标地区的饮用水理化质量达到世界卫生组织(WHO)标准的86.36%，微生物学指标达标，饮用水安全，未检测到粪便污染，CCME WQI计算的选定地区水质指标比较合理。披露声明任何作者与其他作者或机构无利益冲突。数据可用性声明数据将按需提供。其他信息资金来源没有资金来源。
{"title":"Detection of heavy metals using atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy in drinking water of Faisalabad, Pakistan: microbial safety and quality status assessment","authors":"Saba Anwar, Qamar Abbas Syed, Asad Ullah, Mehwish Arshad, Shahbaz Nasir Khan, Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2272174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2272174","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractSynthetic dyes from textile industries are designated as hazardous waste since they release heavy metals and dangerous contaminants in water that harm the environment and human health. The current study was aimed at investigating the heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cr, and Mn) in drinking water in seven regions of Faisalabad, Pakistan, through atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The physicochemical quality of 86.36% of the water samples met the WHO standards in the targeted regions, while 13.64% failed to meet the criteria. The water quality index (WQI) of selected water samples was calculated by integrating 11 physicochemical parameters, and the results indicated fair quality, whereas Madina, Jinnah, and Lyallpur Town showed poor water quality with contamination of Mn > Ni > Pb. The order of contamination for heavy metals in groundwater was Ni > Cu > Zn > Cr > Pb > Mn > Cd. The total plate count (TPC) and total coliform count (TCC) were found within the permissible range of WHO guidelines. Hence, consuming groundwater in the research regions may not present major health risks due to ingested metal toxicity; however, levels of Mn, Ni, and Pb might pose risks.HighlightsThe drinking water quality and safety of selected regions in the industrial city of Faisalabad, Pakistan, were assessedThe physicochemical quality of drinking water from targeted regions was 86.36% in compliance with World Health Organization (WHO)Microbiologically, drinking water was safe and zero fecal contamination was detectedThe water quality index of selected regions, calculated with CCME WQI was found fairKeywords: Heavy metalsmicrobial assessmentphysicochemical qualityatomic absorption spectroscopyatomic emission spectroscopy Disclosure statementAny author has no conflict of interest with other authors or agencies.Data availability statementData will be available on demand.Additional informationFundingNo funding source(s).","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136022711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective and anti-amnesic effects of total extract (NTE) and chloroform fraction of Nigella sativa (NCE) on scopolamine (SCO)-induced memory impairment in the rat. After plant extraction and fractionation, the rats were treated with different doses of NTE (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) and NCE (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) before scopolamine administration for 7 successive days compared to donepezil (DON). Learning power and memory capacity of the treated animals were evaluated and the rat brain samples were further assessed for in vivo acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, lipid peroxidation, and finally validated by histopathological examination. Pretreatment with NTE and NCE effectively increased antioxidant activity, decreased cholinesterase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the hippocampal and cortical tissues as well as mitigated scopolamine-induced behavioral, and histological changes in a manner comparable to DON. Based on the pathology results, the most toxicity of NCE was observed at 200 mg/kg. The observed neuroprotective and anti-amnesic effects of NCE indicate that this fraction could be a promising candidate both for further studies to isolate the active components and for use in clinical trials in patients with cognitive impairment.Keywords: Alzheimer’s diseasememory and learning povertyanticholinesterase activityNigella sativachloroform fraction AcknowledgementThe authors are grateful for the financial support given by Kerman university of medical sciences, Kerman, Iran.Authors contributionsSomayyeh Karami-Mohajeri and Fariba Sharififar designed and directed the experimental studies, Elham Jafari, Ali Hashemian and hamideh Bashiri were responsible for collection of tumor tissue, carrying out the histopathological experiments. Neda Mohamadi and Mahya Shahriari contributed to write the manuscript, fractionate the plant extract, and performed the experiments.Ethical statementThis study was approved by the ethics code IR.KMU.REC.1399.573 in the ethics committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran.Disclosure statementThe author has no conflicts of interest to declare.Data availability statementThe data are included in this article.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran, under (Grant Number: 99000711, Fariba Sharififar).
{"title":"Evaluation of neuroprotective and anti-amnesic effects of the chloroform fraction of <i>Nigella sativa</i> L. on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats","authors":"Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri, Hamideh Bashiri, Elham Jafari, Neda Mohamadi, Mahya Shahriari, Ali Hashemian, Fariba Sharififar","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2268726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2268726","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective and anti-amnesic effects of total extract (NTE) and chloroform fraction of Nigella sativa (NCE) on scopolamine (SCO)-induced memory impairment in the rat. After plant extraction and fractionation, the rats were treated with different doses of NTE (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) and NCE (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) before scopolamine administration for 7 successive days compared to donepezil (DON). Learning power and memory capacity of the treated animals were evaluated and the rat brain samples were further assessed for in vivo acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, lipid peroxidation, and finally validated by histopathological examination. Pretreatment with NTE and NCE effectively increased antioxidant activity, decreased cholinesterase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the hippocampal and cortical tissues as well as mitigated scopolamine-induced behavioral, and histological changes in a manner comparable to DON. Based on the pathology results, the most toxicity of NCE was observed at 200 mg/kg. The observed neuroprotective and anti-amnesic effects of NCE indicate that this fraction could be a promising candidate both for further studies to isolate the active components and for use in clinical trials in patients with cognitive impairment.Keywords: Alzheimer’s diseasememory and learning povertyanticholinesterase activityNigella sativachloroform fraction AcknowledgementThe authors are grateful for the financial support given by Kerman university of medical sciences, Kerman, Iran.Authors contributionsSomayyeh Karami-Mohajeri and Fariba Sharififar designed and directed the experimental studies, Elham Jafari, Ali Hashemian and hamideh Bashiri were responsible for collection of tumor tissue, carrying out the histopathological experiments. Neda Mohamadi and Mahya Shahriari contributed to write the manuscript, fractionate the plant extract, and performed the experiments.Ethical statementThis study was approved by the ethics code IR.KMU.REC.1399.573 in the ethics committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran.Disclosure statementThe author has no conflicts of interest to declare.Data availability statementThe data are included in this article.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran, under (Grant Number: 99000711, Fariba Sharififar).","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135948718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2253892
Y. Zhang, Shanmei Zou, Shaowu Yin, Tao Wang
Abstract Tetrodotoxin (TTX) can be dangerous to food security or even cause death. But TTX also has beneficial values, for example in clinical applications and drug discovery, it is used to treat arthritis, asthma and as a pain relievers. A clear understanding of the source, ecological function, toxicity, and resistance mechanisms of TTX in animals is beneficial for ecological protection, the prediction of adaptive evolution, and TTX production. Nevertheless, the origin of TTX and how organisms bearing TTX are able to resist its toxicity are still unclear. There are two hypotheses regarding the source of TTX in TTX-containing organisms: exogenous and endogenous sources. Bacteria are involved in both hypotheses. In addition, the presence of TTX-binding proteins and mutations in the gene encoding for voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) may be responsible for TTX resistance, which remains to be elucidated. Here, we review the ecological interactions between TTX and TTX-bearing organisms. This review provides important information for ecological research on TTX, along with suggestions for scientific prevention of seafood poisoning and the development of TTX detoxification drugs.
{"title":"Source, ecological function, toxicity and resistance of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) in TTX-bearing organisms: a comprehensive review","authors":"Y. Zhang, Shanmei Zou, Shaowu Yin, Tao Wang","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2253892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2253892","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tetrodotoxin (TTX) can be dangerous to food security or even cause death. But TTX also has beneficial values, for example in clinical applications and drug discovery, it is used to treat arthritis, asthma and as a pain relievers. A clear understanding of the source, ecological function, toxicity, and resistance mechanisms of TTX in animals is beneficial for ecological protection, the prediction of adaptive evolution, and TTX production. Nevertheless, the origin of TTX and how organisms bearing TTX are able to resist its toxicity are still unclear. There are two hypotheses regarding the source of TTX in TTX-containing organisms: exogenous and endogenous sources. Bacteria are involved in both hypotheses. In addition, the presence of TTX-binding proteins and mutations in the gene encoding for voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) may be responsible for TTX resistance, which remains to be elucidated. Here, we review the ecological interactions between TTX and TTX-bearing organisms. This review provides important information for ecological research on TTX, along with suggestions for scientific prevention of seafood poisoning and the development of TTX detoxification drugs.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46699733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2251555
Inderpreet Kaur, Arashdeep Kaur, Sakshi Sharma
Abstract Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil pose significant risks to both ecology and human health. Therefore, to understand the effect of PTEs in agricultural soils of Faridkot District, Punjab, India, 36 soil samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties, contents of PTEs (aluminum, arsenic, nickel, boron, uranium, barium, chromium, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, cobalt, manganese, selenium, and zinc), possible ecological and human health risks and bioconcentration in rice grains. Soils showed high mean contents (mg/kg) of potassium (906.65), sodium (760.78), and chlorides (247.13) with cadmium, copper, zinc, arsenic, and selenium contents (mg/kg) in 55.56%, 33.33%, 25.00%, 16.67%, and 13.89% of samples exceeding their safe limits (0.06, 20.00, 50.00, 20.00, and 0.20, respectively). Individual and multi-element indices suggested extremely high-soil enrichment of arsenic, cadmium, and selenium and low to moderate ecological risk. Multivariate analyses revealed the contribution of both geogenic and anthropogenic activities to soil contamination. Mean bioconcentration factors of chromium (4.48), boron (1.24), and copper (2.69) were >1.00 in rice. Residents had higher cancer risk (TCR) due to arsenic (3.64E-05) and chromium (4.04E-06) in soil, mainly through ingestion and dermal contact. This work could serve as baseline database for further research and designing the strategy to alleviate soil contamination.
{"title":"Risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in agricultural soils and bioconcentration in rice grains from Faridkot District, India","authors":"Inderpreet Kaur, Arashdeep Kaur, Sakshi Sharma","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2251555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2251555","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil pose significant risks to both ecology and human health. Therefore, to understand the effect of PTEs in agricultural soils of Faridkot District, Punjab, India, 36 soil samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties, contents of PTEs (aluminum, arsenic, nickel, boron, uranium, barium, chromium, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, cobalt, manganese, selenium, and zinc), possible ecological and human health risks and bioconcentration in rice grains. Soils showed high mean contents (mg/kg) of potassium (906.65), sodium (760.78), and chlorides (247.13) with cadmium, copper, zinc, arsenic, and selenium contents (mg/kg) in 55.56%, 33.33%, 25.00%, 16.67%, and 13.89% of samples exceeding their safe limits (0.06, 20.00, 50.00, 20.00, and 0.20, respectively). Individual and multi-element indices suggested extremely high-soil enrichment of arsenic, cadmium, and selenium and low to moderate ecological risk. Multivariate analyses revealed the contribution of both geogenic and anthropogenic activities to soil contamination. Mean bioconcentration factors of chromium (4.48), boron (1.24), and copper (2.69) were >1.00 in rice. Residents had higher cancer risk (TCR) due to arsenic (3.64E-05) and chromium (4.04E-06) in soil, mainly through ingestion and dermal contact. This work could serve as baseline database for further research and designing the strategy to alleviate soil contamination.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47382936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2238808
F. Asghari, M. Salavati, S. Hakimi Asiabar, F. Shariati
Abstract In this study, the pollution of heavy metals in the sediments of the Otaghvarrud, Shalmanrud, and Polrud rivers was assessed to determine the geochemical and environmental contamination. Samples were collected from 19 stations along these rivers. The investigation focused on six heavy metals: arsenic (As), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn), using ICP-OES analysis. Various statistical parameters, including the Pearson coefficient, dendrogram, and principal component analysis (PCA), were evaluated. The results indicated a high correlation among Cu, Ni, V, Zn, and Cr, suggesting a geogenic origin. As exhibited characteristics of a combination of anthropogenic, geogenic, and metal origins, while Pb showed an anthropogenic origin likely from agriculture and industry. Additional parameters, such as the mean of geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI), ecological risk (ER), and environmental risk index (RI), were assessed to determine the pollution levels of the heavy metals. The findings revealed low to medium pollution for the analyzed metals. Notably, Otaghvarrud exhibited higher pollution levels compared to the other rivers due to the presence of basalts, pillow lavas, and splits along its route. These geological features contributed to the transport and deposition of these metals in the river. Based on the research findings, it was concluded that the sediments in the studied rivers are on the verge of heavy metal pollution. Furthermore, an examination of the health risk assessment indicators, including the HI (hazard index) and CRI (carcinogenic risk index), indicated a higher potential risk of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic diseases in children compared to adults.
{"title":"Geochemical and environmental assessment of river sediments in the East of Gilan province (case study: Otaghvarrud, Shalmanrud, and Polrud rivers), Northern Iran","authors":"F. Asghari, M. Salavati, S. Hakimi Asiabar, F. Shariati","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2238808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2238808","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the pollution of heavy metals in the sediments of the Otaghvarrud, Shalmanrud, and Polrud rivers was assessed to determine the geochemical and environmental contamination. Samples were collected from 19 stations along these rivers. The investigation focused on six heavy metals: arsenic (As), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn), using ICP-OES analysis. Various statistical parameters, including the Pearson coefficient, dendrogram, and principal component analysis (PCA), were evaluated. The results indicated a high correlation among Cu, Ni, V, Zn, and Cr, suggesting a geogenic origin. As exhibited characteristics of a combination of anthropogenic, geogenic, and metal origins, while Pb showed an anthropogenic origin likely from agriculture and industry. Additional parameters, such as the mean of geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI), ecological risk (ER), and environmental risk index (RI), were assessed to determine the pollution levels of the heavy metals. The findings revealed low to medium pollution for the analyzed metals. Notably, Otaghvarrud exhibited higher pollution levels compared to the other rivers due to the presence of basalts, pillow lavas, and splits along its route. These geological features contributed to the transport and deposition of these metals in the river. Based on the research findings, it was concluded that the sediments in the studied rivers are on the verge of heavy metal pollution. Furthermore, an examination of the health risk assessment indicators, including the HI (hazard index) and CRI (carcinogenic risk index), indicated a higher potential risk of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic diseases in children compared to adults.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48710199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2245027
N. Rashtchi, S. Sobhanardakani, M. Cheraghi, Amirreza Goodarzi, B. Lorestani
Abstract Pharmaceuticals are a new class of water contaminants that need to be effectively removed. This study combines GO@Fe3O4 with CeO2 nanoparticles via a simple procedure known as heterogeneous visible-light-driven photocatalyst. The photocatalytic potential of the GO@Fe3O4@CeO2 was examined via photodegradation of tamoxifen (TMX) and doxorubicin (DOX) under visible-light excitation. The crystallinity and morphology of the synthesized photocatalyst was characterized utilizing SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, VSM, and UV–vis. The UV–Vis analyses provided the bandgap value of 3.17 eV for GO@Fe3O4@CeO2. Then, the influence of some key factors such as pH (3–10), photocatalyst dose (0.006-0.04 g), and time (0-120) were studied. The findings indicated that TMX and DOX degradation via GO@Fe3O4@CeO2 photocatalyst could achieve 97% within 60 min and 98% within 90 min, respectively.
{"title":"High-efficient photocatalytic degradation of tamoxifen and doxorubicin by novel ternary heterogeneous GO@Fe3O4@CeO2 photocatalyst","authors":"N. Rashtchi, S. Sobhanardakani, M. Cheraghi, Amirreza Goodarzi, B. Lorestani","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2245027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2245027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pharmaceuticals are a new class of water contaminants that need to be effectively removed. This study combines GO@Fe3O4 with CeO2 nanoparticles via a simple procedure known as heterogeneous visible-light-driven photocatalyst. The photocatalytic potential of the GO@Fe3O4@CeO2 was examined via photodegradation of tamoxifen (TMX) and doxorubicin (DOX) under visible-light excitation. The crystallinity and morphology of the synthesized photocatalyst was characterized utilizing SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, VSM, and UV–vis. The UV–Vis analyses provided the bandgap value of 3.17 eV for GO@Fe3O4@CeO2. Then, the influence of some key factors such as pH (3–10), photocatalyst dose (0.006-0.04 g), and time (0-120) were studied. The findings indicated that TMX and DOX degradation via GO@Fe3O4@CeO2 photocatalyst could achieve 97% within 60 min and 98% within 90 min, respectively.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45360714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2213318
I. Kaur, H. Dhillon, Sakshi Sharma
Abstract In the present study, soil contamination by arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, uranium and zinc; and associated human health risks were assessed at 30 agricultural sites in Ferozepur District, Punjab. Above 90% soil samples had high content of chloride, sodium and potassium. Cadmium, arsenic, zinc and lead in 100%, 76.67%, 76.67% and 66.67% samples exceeded their safe limits (mg/kg; 0.06, 20, 50 and 10, respectively). Individual/multi-elemental indices indicated high PTEs contamination in soils posing low to considerable ecological risk. Principal components PCI and PCII contributed 44.748% and 30.476% variance in data, respectively. PTEs in soils were classified in two categories using cluster analysis (I: Cd, U, Co, Pb, Ni, Cr, As, Cu, Zn and Mn; II: Fe), indicating both geogenic and anthropogenic origins. Health risks due to PTE exposure via dermal contact, inhalation and ingestion were also assessed. Children were found to be highly prone to non-cancer health risk (mean hazard index = 1.30) by As exposure, mainly via ingestion pathway. High total cancer risk was posed to residents via As (7.52E-05) and Cr (9.17E-06) exposure, primarily through ingestion. Bioremediation and efficient disposal of solid and liquid wastes may reduce soil contamination in the study area.
{"title":"Human health risks in Ferozepur District, Punjab, India due to potentially toxic elements in agricultural soils","authors":"I. Kaur, H. Dhillon, Sakshi Sharma","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2213318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2213318","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the present study, soil contamination by arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, uranium and zinc; and associated human health risks were assessed at 30 agricultural sites in Ferozepur District, Punjab. Above 90% soil samples had high content of chloride, sodium and potassium. Cadmium, arsenic, zinc and lead in 100%, 76.67%, 76.67% and 66.67% samples exceeded their safe limits (mg/kg; 0.06, 20, 50 and 10, respectively). Individual/multi-elemental indices indicated high PTEs contamination in soils posing low to considerable ecological risk. Principal components PCI and PCII contributed 44.748% and 30.476% variance in data, respectively. PTEs in soils were classified in two categories using cluster analysis (I: Cd, U, Co, Pb, Ni, Cr, As, Cu, Zn and Mn; II: Fe), indicating both geogenic and anthropogenic origins. Health risks due to PTE exposure via dermal contact, inhalation and ingestion were also assessed. Children were found to be highly prone to non-cancer health risk (mean hazard index = 1.30) by As exposure, mainly via ingestion pathway. High total cancer risk was posed to residents via As (7.52E-05) and Cr (9.17E-06) exposure, primarily through ingestion. Bioremediation and efficient disposal of solid and liquid wastes may reduce soil contamination in the study area.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42971955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2213323
M. Ataee, Toraj Ahmadi Jouybari, Hawre Lateef Ahmed, Hadi Ahmadi Jouybari, M. Pirsaheb, N. Fattahi
Abstract In this research, an eco-friendly method was established by vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the deep eutectic solvent (VA–DLLME–DES). The performance of the proposed method was demonstrated by the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in blood samples of fuel stations workers combined with GC–FID. The selected hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent is consisting of l-menthol and (1S)-(+)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid (CSA) at a 5:1 molar ratio as a green solvent instead of traditional toxic organic solvents. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the introduced method exhibited good linearity with a coefficient of determinations (r 2) higher than 0.9985 and an acceptable linear range of 0.03–80 µg l–1. Accordingly, the limits of detection (S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (S/N = 10) were in the ranges of 0.01–0.04 µg l−1 and 0.03–0.10 µg l−1, respectively. Blood BTEX levels of fuel stations workers were analyzed based on age, duration of working at the station, smokers or nonsmokers, and station type (CNG, gasoline, and dual-purpose). The results showed that there was no significant difference between blood BTEX levels in different age groups, while the concentration of BTEX compounds increases with the increase of working time in the station. Blood BTEX levels were much higher in smokers than in nonsmokers.
{"title":"Evaluation of blood BTEX levels in fuel stations workers using vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on deep eutectic solvent followed by gas chromatography flame-ionization detector","authors":"M. Ataee, Toraj Ahmadi Jouybari, Hawre Lateef Ahmed, Hadi Ahmadi Jouybari, M. Pirsaheb, N. Fattahi","doi":"10.1080/15569543.2023.2213323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2023.2213323","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this research, an eco-friendly method was established by vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the deep eutectic solvent (VA–DLLME–DES). The performance of the proposed method was demonstrated by the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in blood samples of fuel stations workers combined with GC–FID. The selected hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent is consisting of l-menthol and (1S)-(+)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid (CSA) at a 5:1 molar ratio as a green solvent instead of traditional toxic organic solvents. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the introduced method exhibited good linearity with a coefficient of determinations (r 2) higher than 0.9985 and an acceptable linear range of 0.03–80 µg l–1. Accordingly, the limits of detection (S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (S/N = 10) were in the ranges of 0.01–0.04 µg l−1 and 0.03–0.10 µg l−1, respectively. Blood BTEX levels of fuel stations workers were analyzed based on age, duration of working at the station, smokers or nonsmokers, and station type (CNG, gasoline, and dual-purpose). The results showed that there was no significant difference between blood BTEX levels in different age groups, while the concentration of BTEX compounds increases with the increase of working time in the station. Blood BTEX levels were much higher in smokers than in nonsmokers.","PeriodicalId":23211,"journal":{"name":"Toxin Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41917280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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