Ali Pezeshki, Shadi Tajic, Parvin Farahmandian, Ali Haniloo, Abbas Mahmmodzadeh, Maryam Niyyati, Hamed Behniafar
Background: The genus Acanthamoeba is reported from various environmental sources and can cause multiple complications, including chronic amoebic aeratitis and amoebic granulomatous encephalitis. This study investigated the presence and genotyping of Acanthamoeba in the soil of parks and patients with malignancies referred to health centers in Zanjan city, Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 soil samples were collected from amusement parks in Zanjan city from September 2017 to May 2018. Samples were cultured on 1.5% non-nutrient agar, and the Acanthamoeba genus was identified using the morphological method. PCR was performed on all positive environmental samples, and six microscopically positive clinical samples belonged to our previous study. DNA sequencing of 18S rRNA was performed to analyze the genetic pattern of some PCR-positive isolates.
Results: Microscopic results showed that 96 (48%) soil samples were positive. PCR confirmed all positive cases of clinical samples and 84 soil samples. Out of the PCR-positive samples, 20 soil samples and five clinical samples were sequenced successfully. All soil isolates belonged to the T4 genotype, and three and two clinical samples belonged to T4 and T5 genotypes, respectively.
Conclusion: : The presence of Acanthamoeba in both the environment and clinical samples of Zanjan city suggests paying greater attention to the infections caused by it.
{"title":"Phylogenetic analysis of Acanthamoeba isolated from soil samples and nasal cavities of patients with malignancy: a public health concern in the northwest of Iran.","authors":"Ali Pezeshki, Shadi Tajic, Parvin Farahmandian, Ali Haniloo, Abbas Mahmmodzadeh, Maryam Niyyati, Hamed Behniafar","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trad100","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trad100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The genus Acanthamoeba is reported from various environmental sources and can cause multiple complications, including chronic amoebic aeratitis and amoebic granulomatous encephalitis. This study investigated the presence and genotyping of Acanthamoeba in the soil of parks and patients with malignancies referred to health centers in Zanjan city, Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 200 soil samples were collected from amusement parks in Zanjan city from September 2017 to May 2018. Samples were cultured on 1.5% non-nutrient agar, and the Acanthamoeba genus was identified using the morphological method. PCR was performed on all positive environmental samples, and six microscopically positive clinical samples belonged to our previous study. DNA sequencing of 18S rRNA was performed to analyze the genetic pattern of some PCR-positive isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microscopic results showed that 96 (48%) soil samples were positive. PCR confirmed all positive cases of clinical samples and 84 soil samples. Out of the PCR-positive samples, 20 soil samples and five clinical samples were sequenced successfully. All soil isolates belonged to the T4 genotype, and three and two clinical samples belonged to T4 and T5 genotypes, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>: The presence of Acanthamoeba in both the environment and clinical samples of Zanjan city suggests paying greater attention to the infections caused by it.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139492230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thieu V Ha, Tien T N Vo, Duy K H Dang, Y M L Tran, Thanh V Kim, Duc H Le, Lan-Anh T Do, Hong K Tang
Background: Children are especially vulnerable to Toxocara infection and its severe complications; however, there have not been any published data on the disease prevalence and treatment effectiveness in the population of Vietnamese children. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of toxocariasis and explore factors associated with Toxocara infection in children aged 3-15 y in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using a multistage cluster sampling approach in public schools. Blood samples were collected, and toxocariasis cases were confirmed, based on a history of contact with dogs/cats and positive anti-Toxocara antibody detection via ELISA. We calculated the percentage of seropositive children across gender, grade levels, districts and caregiver education. Multiple regression models were employed to identify potential risk factors.
Results: Anti-Toxocara antibodies were found in 14.2% of the 986 children studied. Significant variations in seropositivity were observed across grade levels, districts and caregiver education levels. Multivariable analysis identified caregiver education, contact with dogs/cats and improper handling of pet feces as seropositivity risk factors.
Conclusion: This was the first community-based prevalence study of toxocariasis in a pediatric population in Vietnam. Implementation of preventive measures such as public education, routine fecal examinations and chemotherapeutic treatment of animals is highly recommended.
{"title":"The seroprevalence of toxocariasis and related risk factors in children in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: results from a school-based cross-sectional study.","authors":"Thieu V Ha, Tien T N Vo, Duy K H Dang, Y M L Tran, Thanh V Kim, Duc H Le, Lan-Anh T Do, Hong K Tang","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trad102","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trad102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children are especially vulnerable to Toxocara infection and its severe complications; however, there have not been any published data on the disease prevalence and treatment effectiveness in the population of Vietnamese children. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of toxocariasis and explore factors associated with Toxocara infection in children aged 3-15 y in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study using a multistage cluster sampling approach in public schools. Blood samples were collected, and toxocariasis cases were confirmed, based on a history of contact with dogs/cats and positive anti-Toxocara antibody detection via ELISA. We calculated the percentage of seropositive children across gender, grade levels, districts and caregiver education. Multiple regression models were employed to identify potential risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anti-Toxocara antibodies were found in 14.2% of the 986 children studied. Significant variations in seropositivity were observed across grade levels, districts and caregiver education levels. Multivariable analysis identified caregiver education, contact with dogs/cats and improper handling of pet feces as seropositivity risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This was the first community-based prevalence study of toxocariasis in a pediatric population in Vietnam. Implementation of preventive measures such as public education, routine fecal examinations and chemotherapeutic treatment of animals is highly recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139541685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: It is well-documented that using immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids or cytokine blockers in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases the risk of co-infections. Here we systematically summarized the cases of COVID-19-associated parasitic infections (CAPIs) in Iran.
Methods: From 19 February 2020 to 10 May 2023, all studies on Iranian patients suffering from CAPIs were collected from several databases using a systematic search strategy.
Results: Of 540 records, 11 studies remained for data extraction. In this research, most of the studies were related to Lophomonas and Toxoplasma. Of 411 cases of CAPIs, toxoplasmosis (385 [93.7%]) had the highest rate of infection among Iranian patients, followed by blastocystosis (15 [3.6%]), fascioliasis (4 [0.97%]), leishmaniasis (3 [0.7%]), lophomoniasis (3 [0.7%]) and strongyloidiasis (1 [0.2%]). In general, Blastocystis enhanced diarrhoea in patients with COVID-19. Lophomonas, Toxoplasma and Strongyloides increased the severity of COVID-19, but Fasciola decreased its intensity. Patients with a history of cutaneous leishmaniasis showed mild symptoms of COVID-19. Also, patients with a prior history of hydatid cysts were not affected by COVID-19.
Conclusions: Due to the similar symptoms of some parasitic diseases and COVID-19 and immunosuppressive treatment regimens in these patients that may cause the reactivation or recurrence of parasitic infections, early diagnosis and treatment are required.
{"title":"Insights into parasites and COVID-19 co-infections in Iran: a systematic review.","authors":"Soheila Molaei, Shabnam Asfaram, Zahra Mashhadi, Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin, Sohrab Iranpour","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae001","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is well-documented that using immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids or cytokine blockers in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases the risk of co-infections. Here we systematically summarized the cases of COVID-19-associated parasitic infections (CAPIs) in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 19 February 2020 to 10 May 2023, all studies on Iranian patients suffering from CAPIs were collected from several databases using a systematic search strategy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 540 records, 11 studies remained for data extraction. In this research, most of the studies were related to Lophomonas and Toxoplasma. Of 411 cases of CAPIs, toxoplasmosis (385 [93.7%]) had the highest rate of infection among Iranian patients, followed by blastocystosis (15 [3.6%]), fascioliasis (4 [0.97%]), leishmaniasis (3 [0.7%]), lophomoniasis (3 [0.7%]) and strongyloidiasis (1 [0.2%]). In general, Blastocystis enhanced diarrhoea in patients with COVID-19. Lophomonas, Toxoplasma and Strongyloides increased the severity of COVID-19, but Fasciola decreased its intensity. Patients with a history of cutaneous leishmaniasis showed mild symptoms of COVID-19. Also, patients with a prior history of hydatid cysts were not affected by COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Due to the similar symptoms of some parasitic diseases and COVID-19 and immunosuppressive treatment regimens in these patients that may cause the reactivation or recurrence of parasitic infections, early diagnosis and treatment are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vasundhara R Verma, Thomas Lamb, Md Abdus Sattar, Aniruddha Ghose, Michael Eddleston
Pesticide poisoning is a common medical emergency in the rural tropics, with significant associated mortality. Pesticide poisoning is an umbrella term that encompasses a wide variety of substances with differing clinical toxidromes and outcomes. Despite this, confirmation of the specific compound ingested is rarely performed. In this Lessons from the Field, we argue that pesticide-specific management is integral to optimise management. Using data from a quality improvement project in Chittagong, Bangladesh, we demonstrate that identifying the specific compound is possible in most patients through careful history taking and examination of the pesticide bottle. Identification of the specific compound is essential for anticipating and reducing complications, administering appropriate and timely management and reducing the length of hospital stay and cost of unnecessary medical intervention.
{"title":"Lessons from the field: compound-specific management in acute pesticide poisoning.","authors":"Vasundhara R Verma, Thomas Lamb, Md Abdus Sattar, Aniruddha Ghose, Michael Eddleston","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae003","DOIUrl":"10.1093/trstmh/trae003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pesticide poisoning is a common medical emergency in the rural tropics, with significant associated mortality. Pesticide poisoning is an umbrella term that encompasses a wide variety of substances with differing clinical toxidromes and outcomes. Despite this, confirmation of the specific compound ingested is rarely performed. In this Lessons from the Field, we argue that pesticide-specific management is integral to optimise management. Using data from a quality improvement project in Chittagong, Bangladesh, we demonstrate that identifying the specific compound is possible in most patients through careful history taking and examination of the pesticide bottle. Identification of the specific compound is essential for anticipating and reducing complications, administering appropriate and timely management and reducing the length of hospital stay and cost of unnecessary medical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11149373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139713144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rectal artesunate: lives not saved.","authors":"N J White, T Peto, J A Watson","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trae036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141094298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raymond Bernard Kihumuro, Timothy Mwanje Kintu, Lorna Atimango, Andrew Marvin Kanyike, Joel Bazira
Background: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect millions of people in Africa, with Uganda bearing a significant burden. The World Health Organization (WHO) set a goal to reduce NTDs and improve access to diagnosis and management by 2030. However, NTDs have not been well integrated into primary healthcare in many countries, including Uganda, due to limited knowledge and resources among health workers. The study aimed to assess the readiness and capacity of primary healthcare centres to diagnose and manage soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and schistosomiasis.
Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 204 health workers in 20 health facilities in four districts bordering Lake Kyoga. In this study we evaluated health workers' knowledge of symptoms, diagnosis and management of STHs and schistosomiasis as well as the availability of resources and training.
Results: Our findings indicate that health workers have strong knowledge about STHs (86.76%), with lower knowledge levels regarding Schistosoma haematobium (59.72%) and Schistosoma mansoni (71.43%). Regarding resources and training, 95% of health facilities had laboratory services, but the majority lacked diagnostic equipment. Furthermore, only 17% of health workers reported prior training on schistosomiasis and related topics and only 25% had training on surveillance and reporting.
Conclusions: While health workers in eastern Uganda demonstrated a good knowledge base for some NTDs, there were knowledge gaps and challenges in training on surveillance and reporting mechanisms. Continuously building the capacity of health workers along with investing in diagnostic infrastructure is essential for improved NTD control and ultimately reducing associated morbidity and mortality in the region.
{"title":"Assessing the knowledge, training and capacity of health workers in the diagnosis and management of soil-transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis in eastern Uganda.","authors":"Raymond Bernard Kihumuro, Timothy Mwanje Kintu, Lorna Atimango, Andrew Marvin Kanyike, Joel Bazira","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trae029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect millions of people in Africa, with Uganda bearing a significant burden. The World Health Organization (WHO) set a goal to reduce NTDs and improve access to diagnosis and management by 2030. However, NTDs have not been well integrated into primary healthcare in many countries, including Uganda, due to limited knowledge and resources among health workers. The study aimed to assess the readiness and capacity of primary healthcare centres to diagnose and manage soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and schistosomiasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 204 health workers in 20 health facilities in four districts bordering Lake Kyoga. In this study we evaluated health workers' knowledge of symptoms, diagnosis and management of STHs and schistosomiasis as well as the availability of resources and training.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings indicate that health workers have strong knowledge about STHs (86.76%), with lower knowledge levels regarding Schistosoma haematobium (59.72%) and Schistosoma mansoni (71.43%). Regarding resources and training, 95% of health facilities had laboratory services, but the majority lacked diagnostic equipment. Furthermore, only 17% of health workers reported prior training on schistosomiasis and related topics and only 25% had training on surveillance and reporting.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While health workers in eastern Uganda demonstrated a good knowledge base for some NTDs, there were knowledge gaps and challenges in training on surveillance and reporting mechanisms. Continuously building the capacity of health workers along with investing in diagnostic infrastructure is essential for improved NTD control and ultimately reducing associated morbidity and mortality in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingyi Ma, Kimberly Eadie, Ahmed Fahal, Annelies Verbon, Wendy W J van de Sande
Background: in vitro susceptibility testing for the non-sporulating fungus Madurella mycetomatis is performed with a hyphal suspension as starting inoculum and a viability dye for endpoint reading. Here we compared the performance of four different viability dyes for their use in in vitro susceptibility testing of M. mycetomatis.
Methods: To compare the reproducibility and the agreement between the viability dyes 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfphenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide salt (XTT), resazurin, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium salt (MTS) and luciferin, the in vitro susceptibilities of 14 genetically diverse M. mycetomatis isolates were determined for itraconazole and amphotericin B. The reproducibility, agreement, price and ease of use were compared.
Results: Each of the four dyes gave highly reproducible results with >85.7% reproducibility. Percentage agreement ranged between 78.9% and 92.9%. Resazurin was the most economical to use (0.0009 €/minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC]) and could be followed in real time. Luciferin omitted the need to transfer the supernatant to a new 96-well plate, but cost 6.07 €/MIC.
Conclusion: All four viability dyes were suitable to determine the in vitro susceptibility of M. mycetomatis against itraconazole and amphotericin B. Based on the high reproducibility, high percentage agreement, price and possibility to monitor in real time, resazurin was the most suited for routine in vitro susceptibility testing in the diagnostic laboratory in mycetoma-endemic countries. Because luminescence could be measured directly without the need to transfer the supernatant to a new 96-well plate, luciferin is suitable for drug-screening campaigns.
Lay summary: To determine the in vitro susceptibility testing in the non-sporulating fungus Madurella mycetomatis, a viability dye is needed for endpoint reading. In this study we tested the viability dyes XTT, resazurin, MTS and luciferin for their use in in vitro susceptibility testing. It appeared that they all could be used but there were differences in time to result and costs associated with them.
{"title":"The performance and costs of XTT, resazurin, MTS and luciferin as viability dyes in in vitro susceptibility testing of Madurella mycetomatis.","authors":"Jingyi Ma, Kimberly Eadie, Ahmed Fahal, Annelies Verbon, Wendy W J van de Sande","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trae030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>in vitro susceptibility testing for the non-sporulating fungus Madurella mycetomatis is performed with a hyphal suspension as starting inoculum and a viability dye for endpoint reading. Here we compared the performance of four different viability dyes for their use in in vitro susceptibility testing of M. mycetomatis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To compare the reproducibility and the agreement between the viability dyes 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfphenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide salt (XTT), resazurin, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium salt (MTS) and luciferin, the in vitro susceptibilities of 14 genetically diverse M. mycetomatis isolates were determined for itraconazole and amphotericin B. The reproducibility, agreement, price and ease of use were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each of the four dyes gave highly reproducible results with >85.7% reproducibility. Percentage agreement ranged between 78.9% and 92.9%. Resazurin was the most economical to use (0.0009 €/minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC]) and could be followed in real time. Luciferin omitted the need to transfer the supernatant to a new 96-well plate, but cost 6.07 €/MIC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All four viability dyes were suitable to determine the in vitro susceptibility of M. mycetomatis against itraconazole and amphotericin B. Based on the high reproducibility, high percentage agreement, price and possibility to monitor in real time, resazurin was the most suited for routine in vitro susceptibility testing in the diagnostic laboratory in mycetoma-endemic countries. Because luminescence could be measured directly without the need to transfer the supernatant to a new 96-well plate, luciferin is suitable for drug-screening campaigns.</p><p><strong>Lay summary: </strong>To determine the in vitro susceptibility testing in the non-sporulating fungus Madurella mycetomatis, a viability dye is needed for endpoint reading. In this study we tested the viability dyes XTT, resazurin, MTS and luciferin for their use in in vitro susceptibility testing. It appeared that they all could be used but there were differences in time to result and costs associated with them.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140892542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare complication of dengue fever with potentially life-threatening consequences and high mortality. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence, management and outcome of HLH in dengue fever.
Methods: The major electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect and Ovid SP, were searched from inception until 31 January 2024 to identify relevant studies. Pooled prevalence and mortality were calculated using the random-effects generic inverse variance model with a 95% CI. All the statistical analysis was conducted using R programming.
Results: A total of nine studies with 157 patients with HLH, 576 patients with severe dengue and 5081 patients with dengue fever were included in this meta-analysis. The prevalence of HLH in severe dengue (22.1%, 95% CI 8.07 to 48.0%) was significantly higher than the prevalence in dengue fever (3.12%, 95% CI 0.37 to 21.9%). The prevalence of HLH in severe dengue was higher in the paediatric population (22.8%, 95% CI 3.9 to 68.4%) compared with the adult population (19.0%, 95% CI 3.0 to 63.9%). The overall mortality rate was 20.2% (95% CI 9.7 to 37.2%).
Conclusion: The prevalence of dengue-associated HLH was low in patients with dengue fever but is significantly higher in patients with severe dengue and a high mortality rate.
背景:嗜血细胞淋巴组织细胞增多症(HLH嗜血细胞淋巴组织细胞增多症(HLH)是登革热的一种罕见并发症,有可能危及生命,死亡率很高。因此,本研究旨在调查登革热中嗜血细胞淋巴细胞增多症的发病率、管理和预后:方法:检索从开始到 2024 年 1 月 31 日的主要电子数据库,包括 PubMed、ScienceDirect 和 Ovid SP,以确定相关研究。采用随机效应通用逆方差模型计算汇总患病率和死亡率,并得出95%的CI。所有统计分析均使用 R 程序进行:本荟萃分析共纳入了 9 项研究,包括 157 名 HLH 患者、576 名重症登革热患者和 5081 名登革热患者。重症登革热的 HLH 患病率(22.1%,95% CI 8.07 至 48.0%)明显高于登革热的患病率(3.12%,95% CI 0.37 至 21.9%)。与成人(19.0%,95% CI 3.0 至 63.9%)相比,重症登革热患儿的 HLH 患病率更高(22.8%,95% CI 3.9 至 68.4%)。总死亡率为 20.2%(95% CI 9.7 至 37.2%):结论:登革热相关性HLH在登革热患者中发病率较低,但在重症登革热患者中发病率明显较高,死亡率也较高。
{"title":"Prevalence and mortality of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in dengue fever: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Leong Tung Ong, Roovam Balasubramaniam","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trae032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare complication of dengue fever with potentially life-threatening consequences and high mortality. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence, management and outcome of HLH in dengue fever.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The major electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect and Ovid SP, were searched from inception until 31 January 2024 to identify relevant studies. Pooled prevalence and mortality were calculated using the random-effects generic inverse variance model with a 95% CI. All the statistical analysis was conducted using R programming.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of nine studies with 157 patients with HLH, 576 patients with severe dengue and 5081 patients with dengue fever were included in this meta-analysis. The prevalence of HLH in severe dengue (22.1%, 95% CI 8.07 to 48.0%) was significantly higher than the prevalence in dengue fever (3.12%, 95% CI 0.37 to 21.9%). The prevalence of HLH in severe dengue was higher in the paediatric population (22.8%, 95% CI 3.9 to 68.4%) compared with the adult population (19.0%, 95% CI 3.0 to 63.9%). The overall mortality rate was 20.2% (95% CI 9.7 to 37.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of dengue-associated HLH was low in patients with dengue fever but is significantly higher in patients with severe dengue and a high mortality rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140892532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlo Perrone, Nipaphan Kanthawang, Phaik Yeong Cheah, Daranee Intralawan, Sue J Lee, Supalert Nedsuwan, Benjarat Fuwongsitt, Tri Wangrangsimakul, Rachel C Greer
Background: Scrub typhus is highly endemic in northern Thailand yet awareness and knowledge are low. We developed a community engagement project to improve awareness in communities at risk of contracting scrub typhus.
Methods: We conducted a series of engagement sessions with healthcare workers and community health volunteers so they would, in turn, engage with their communities. We evaluated our activities by assessing the increase in scrub typhus knowledge, using a series of Likert-scale items and open-ended questions. Three to 6 months after the sessions, participants were followed up to collect their experiences training community members.
Results: Of 134 participants who took part in eight sessions, 87.3% were community health volunteers. Disease knowledge increased substantially after the sessions and was well maintained for up to 5 mo. Satisfaction was high and, through participant feedback, engagement materials were improved to be more useful to the communities. People with higher education had higher scores and retention.
Conclusions: Community engagement was shown to be an effective tool to develop and carry out health-promoting activities in a culturally and context-appropriate manner.
{"title":"Community engagement around scrub typhus in northern Thailand: a pilot project.","authors":"Carlo Perrone, Nipaphan Kanthawang, Phaik Yeong Cheah, Daranee Intralawan, Sue J Lee, Supalert Nedsuwan, Benjarat Fuwongsitt, Tri Wangrangsimakul, Rachel C Greer","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trae028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scrub typhus is highly endemic in northern Thailand yet awareness and knowledge are low. We developed a community engagement project to improve awareness in communities at risk of contracting scrub typhus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a series of engagement sessions with healthcare workers and community health volunteers so they would, in turn, engage with their communities. We evaluated our activities by assessing the increase in scrub typhus knowledge, using a series of Likert-scale items and open-ended questions. Three to 6 months after the sessions, participants were followed up to collect their experiences training community members.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 134 participants who took part in eight sessions, 87.3% were community health volunteers. Disease knowledge increased substantially after the sessions and was well maintained for up to 5 mo. Satisfaction was high and, through participant feedback, engagement materials were improved to be more useful to the communities. People with higher education had higher scores and retention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Community engagement was shown to be an effective tool to develop and carry out health-promoting activities in a culturally and context-appropriate manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joel Israel Moo-Millan, Weihong Tu, Teresa de Jesús Montalvo-Balam, Martha Pilar Ibarra-López, Silvia Hernández-Betancourt, Irving Jesús May-Concha, Carlos Napoleón Ibarra-Cerdeña, Christian Barnabé, Eric Dumonteil, Etienne Waleckx
Background: Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, whose genetic structure is divided into six discrete typing units (DTUs) known as TcI-TcVI. In the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, information regarding the DTUs circulating in wild mammals is scarce, while this is important knowledge for our understanding of T. cruzi transmission dynamics.
Methods: In the current study, we sampled wild mammals in a sylvatic site of the Yucatan Peninsula and assessed their infection with T. cruzi by PCR. Then, for infected mammals, we amplified and sequenced nuclear and mitochondrial T. cruzi genetic markers for DTU identification.
Results: In total, we captured 99 mammals belonging to the orders Chiroptera, Rodentia and Didelphimorphia. The prevalence of infection with T. cruzi was 9% (9/99; 95% CI [5, 16]), and we identified TcI in a Jamaican fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis. Moreover, we fortuitously identified Trypanosoma dionisii in another Jamaican fruit bat and detected an unidentified Trypanosoma species in a third specimen. While the latter discoveries were not expected because we used primers designed for T. cruzi, this study is the first to report the identification of T. dionisii in a bat from Yucatan, Mexico, adding to a recent first report of T. dionisii in bats from Veracruz, and first report of this Trypanosoma species in Mexico.
Conclusion: Further research is needed to enhance our knowledge of T. cruzi DTUs and Trypanosoma diversity circulating in wildlife in Southeastern Mexico.
背景:南美锥虫病由克鲁兹锥虫引起,其基因结构分为六个离散的分型单元(DTU),即 TcI-TcVI。在墨西哥尤卡坦半岛,有关野生哺乳动物中流行的 DTU 的信息很少,而这对于我们了解 T. cruzi 的传播动态却非常重要:在本次研究中,我们在尤卡坦半岛的一个平原地区采集了野生哺乳动物样本,并通过 PCR 评估了它们对 T. cruzi 的感染情况。然后,我们对受感染的哺乳动物进行了核和线粒体 T. cruzi 遗传标记的扩增和测序,以进行 DTU 鉴定:结果:我们总共捕获了 99 种哺乳动物,分别属于脊索动物门、啮齿动物门和双翅目。我们在一只牙买加果蝠 Artibeus jamaicensis 身上发现了 TcI。此外,我们还在另一只牙买加果蝠中偶然发现了 Trypanosoma dionisii,并在第三只标本中发现了一种未确定的锥虫。由于我们使用的引物是为 T. cruzi 设计的,因此后一项发现是意料之外的,但本研究首次报告在墨西哥尤卡坦半岛的一只蝙蝠中鉴定出了 T. dionisii,这是继最近首次报告在韦拉克鲁斯州的蝙蝠中发现 T. dionisii,以及首次报告在墨西哥发现该种锥虫之后的又一重大发现:结论:需要开展进一步研究,以增进我们对墨西哥东南部野生动物中流行的克鲁斯原虫 DTUs 和锥虫多样性的了解。
{"title":"Presence of Trypanosoma cruzi TcI and Trypanosoma dionisii in sylvatic bats from Yucatan, Mexico.","authors":"Joel Israel Moo-Millan, Weihong Tu, Teresa de Jesús Montalvo-Balam, Martha Pilar Ibarra-López, Silvia Hernández-Betancourt, Irving Jesús May-Concha, Carlos Napoleón Ibarra-Cerdeña, Christian Barnabé, Eric Dumonteil, Etienne Waleckx","doi":"10.1093/trstmh/trae023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trae023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, whose genetic structure is divided into six discrete typing units (DTUs) known as TcI-TcVI. In the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, information regarding the DTUs circulating in wild mammals is scarce, while this is important knowledge for our understanding of T. cruzi transmission dynamics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the current study, we sampled wild mammals in a sylvatic site of the Yucatan Peninsula and assessed their infection with T. cruzi by PCR. Then, for infected mammals, we amplified and sequenced nuclear and mitochondrial T. cruzi genetic markers for DTU identification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, we captured 99 mammals belonging to the orders Chiroptera, Rodentia and Didelphimorphia. The prevalence of infection with T. cruzi was 9% (9/99; 95% CI [5, 16]), and we identified TcI in a Jamaican fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis. Moreover, we fortuitously identified Trypanosoma dionisii in another Jamaican fruit bat and detected an unidentified Trypanosoma species in a third specimen. While the latter discoveries were not expected because we used primers designed for T. cruzi, this study is the first to report the identification of T. dionisii in a bat from Yucatan, Mexico, adding to a recent first report of T. dionisii in bats from Veracruz, and first report of this Trypanosoma species in Mexico.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further research is needed to enhance our knowledge of T. cruzi DTUs and Trypanosoma diversity circulating in wildlife in Southeastern Mexico.</p>","PeriodicalId":23218,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}