Pub Date : 2016-02-27DOI: 10.1177/0263774X16629445
William Eadson
This article analyses how national governments seek to enrol different subjects and objects in energy-carbon restructuring. It takes analysis beyond consideration of particular subjectivities and governmentalities to consider an expanded range of objects and subjects of governing at a distance. Developing an analytical model of ‘modes of enrolment’ focusing on power modalities, forms of policy integration and policy targets, the article explores five broad modes of enrolment employed in England. The article shows how policy across all modes of enrolment in England has increasingly tended towards disordered, syndromic experimentation and government by-project rather than any systematic programme of government.
{"title":"State enrolment and energy-carbon transitions: Syndromic experimentation and atomisation in England","authors":"William Eadson","doi":"10.1177/0263774X16629445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X16629445","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses how national governments seek to enrol different subjects and objects in energy-carbon restructuring. It takes analysis beyond consideration of particular subjectivities and governmentalities to consider an expanded range of objects and subjects of governing at a distance. Developing an analytical model of ‘modes of enrolment’ focusing on power modalities, forms of policy integration and policy targets, the article explores five broad modes of enrolment employed in England. The article shows how policy across all modes of enrolment in England has increasingly tended towards disordered, syndromic experimentation and government by-project rather than any systematic programme of government.","PeriodicalId":232420,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124230447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-16DOI: 10.1177/0263774X16629675
J. Schafer, C. Gallemore
Multicriteria decision analysis is a decision support aid touted for its ability to help participants overcome bias and make holistic assessments. However, few offer empirical tests of this thesis. This research examines the use of multicriteria decision analysis to implement the Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act. The Act called upon federal, regional, and local agencies to develop a connected system of parks, trails, and natural areas throughout Nevada. The partners used multicriteria decision analysis to make decisions about which parks, trails, and natural areas projects to fund. We assess the extent of political and cognitive biases among the participants when using the multicriteria decision analysis process. We find no strong evidence of strategic behavior, a finding that highlights many of the celebratory claims made about multicriteria decision analysis. However, we also note a preference for projects adjacent to high-income areas as well as the presence of cognitive biases in the assignment of scores to projects.
{"title":"Biases in multicriteria decision analysis: The case of environmental planning in Southern Nevada","authors":"J. Schafer, C. Gallemore","doi":"10.1177/0263774X16629675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X16629675","url":null,"abstract":"Multicriteria decision analysis is a decision support aid touted for its ability to help participants overcome bias and make holistic assessments. However, few offer empirical tests of this thesis. This research examines the use of multicriteria decision analysis to implement the Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act. The Act called upon federal, regional, and local agencies to develop a connected system of parks, trails, and natural areas throughout Nevada. The partners used multicriteria decision analysis to make decisions about which parks, trails, and natural areas projects to fund. We assess the extent of political and cognitive biases among the participants when using the multicriteria decision analysis process. We find no strong evidence of strategic behavior, a finding that highlights many of the celebratory claims made about multicriteria decision analysis. However, we also note a preference for projects adjacent to high-income areas as well as the presence of cognitive biases in the assignment of scores to projects.","PeriodicalId":232420,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128649492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-04DOI: 10.1177/0263774X16629674
D. Blackman, F. Buick, Janine O’Flynn
We make the case that the adoption of the asset-based approach to community development could reframe how we think of Indigenous policy development and implementation. We present the case of a specific site which explicitly adopted this approach and delivered enhanced outcomes for communities. Drawing on this example we identify elements of successful Indigenous policy in terms of enhanced services for citizens: new ways of developing and implementing policy; widening the circle of participation and developing social and human capital. We identify the crucial role of appropriate resource allocation and the need for effective, ongoing facilitation to ensure the asset-based approach can be used effectively to improve community development at the local level. Based on the successful adoption of this approach in this example, we call for more research into the potential of this approach to drive new approaches in Indigenous policy and implementation.
{"title":"From engaging to enabling: Could an asset-based approach transform Indigenous affairs?","authors":"D. Blackman, F. Buick, Janine O’Flynn","doi":"10.1177/0263774X16629674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X16629674","url":null,"abstract":"We make the case that the adoption of the asset-based approach to community development could reframe how we think of Indigenous policy development and implementation. We present the case of a specific site which explicitly adopted this approach and delivered enhanced outcomes for communities. Drawing on this example we identify elements of successful Indigenous policy in terms of enhanced services for citizens: new ways of developing and implementing policy; widening the circle of participation and developing social and human capital. We identify the crucial role of appropriate resource allocation and the need for effective, ongoing facilitation to ensure the asset-based approach can be used effectively to improve community development at the local level. Based on the successful adoption of this approach in this example, we call for more research into the potential of this approach to drive new approaches in Indigenous policy and implementation.","PeriodicalId":232420,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128096708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-02DOI: 10.1177/0263774X15625643
J. Bell, A. Stockdale
This paper provides a contemporary examination of policy making and participatory practice in the context of devolving governance in the UK. The paper takes Northern Ireland as its focus and is particularly timely considering the context of devolved governance, the ongoing transition from conflict to relative peace and the potential for rejuvenating democracy through participatory governance. The paper concentrates on one particular policy process, namely the attempted designation of a national park in the Mournes Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. A thematic analysis of qualitative data is drawn upon to analyse the structural factors that framed the policy-making process, in particular the role of power in determining how consultation processes were initiated, designed and undertaken. Using Lukes’ model as an analytical framework, power is shown to manifest at multiple levels within the policy-making process to influence policy outcomes. The paper reveals how the persistence of a top-down approach to policy development combined with a highly parochial political outlook undermined attempts to designate a Mourne National Park. The paper concludes that, given the immaturity of recently devolved government in Northern Ireland, in this instance, the democratising intentions of devolved governance have not been met. This has implications for Northern Ireland’s recent reform of public administration which devolves certain planning powers to local authority level and the management of the internationally significant Mournes landscape.
{"title":"Examining participatory governance in a devolving UK: Insights from national parks policy development in Northern Ireland","authors":"J. Bell, A. Stockdale","doi":"10.1177/0263774X15625643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X15625643","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a contemporary examination of policy making and participatory practice in the context of devolving governance in the UK. The paper takes Northern Ireland as its focus and is particularly timely considering the context of devolved governance, the ongoing transition from conflict to relative peace and the potential for rejuvenating democracy through participatory governance. The paper concentrates on one particular policy process, namely the attempted designation of a national park in the Mournes Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. A thematic analysis of qualitative data is drawn upon to analyse the structural factors that framed the policy-making process, in particular the role of power in determining how consultation processes were initiated, designed and undertaken. Using Lukes’ model as an analytical framework, power is shown to manifest at multiple levels within the policy-making process to influence policy outcomes. The paper reveals how the persistence of a top-down approach to policy development combined with a highly parochial political outlook undermined attempts to designate a Mourne National Park. The paper concludes that, given the immaturity of recently devolved government in Northern Ireland, in this instance, the democratising intentions of devolved governance have not been met. This has implications for Northern Ireland’s recent reform of public administration which devolves certain planning powers to local authority level and the management of the internationally significant Mournes landscape.","PeriodicalId":232420,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123526880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-02DOI: 10.1177/0263774X16629677
G. Haughton, P. Allmendinger
This article examines how advocacy think tanks have sought to influence the remaking of the English planning system. Pressure for planning reform has come particularly though not exclusively from the political right, which has sought to portray planning as a form of bureaucratic regulation, out of touch with the needs of modern, global economies and the needs of society. This research involved 27 interviewees, the majority of whom have worked in think tanks, whilst others worked in government or in advocacy and professional groups. We explore how despite years of critique and many reforms to the planning system, it is still portrayed as failing. Drawing on ideas around the experimental state, we seek to develop a better understanding of the dynamics behind the process of continuous calls for planning reform before turning to some of the implications for both planning and our understanding of how think tanks seek to influence policy.
{"title":"Think tanks and the pressures for planning reform in England","authors":"G. Haughton, P. Allmendinger","doi":"10.1177/0263774X16629677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X16629677","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how advocacy think tanks have sought to influence the remaking of the English planning system. Pressure for planning reform has come particularly though not exclusively from the political right, which has sought to portray planning as a form of bureaucratic regulation, out of touch with the needs of modern, global economies and the needs of society. This research involved 27 interviewees, the majority of whom have worked in think tanks, whilst others worked in government or in advocacy and professional groups. We explore how despite years of critique and many reforms to the planning system, it is still portrayed as failing. Drawing on ideas around the experimental state, we seek to develop a better understanding of the dynamics behind the process of continuous calls for planning reform before turning to some of the implications for both planning and our understanding of how think tanks seek to influence policy.","PeriodicalId":232420,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124341179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0263774X15614728
E. Leeuwen, P. Nijkamp
{"title":"Policy battles in a diverse world","authors":"E. Leeuwen, P. Nijkamp","doi":"10.1177/0263774X15614728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X15614728","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":232420,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy","volume":"400 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115854260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0263774X15614711
Daniel Arribas-Bel, K. Kourtit, P. Nijkamp
Cities have become playgrounds for competitive behaviour and rapid economic dynamics. However, in many cities (or urban agglomerations) economic growth is mainly manifested in specific geographic areas, where creative people and innovative entrepreneurs are located. In this paper we offer first the conceptual and operational foundation for analyzing this so-called ‘urban buzz’ and its interlinked primary drivers. We next develop an analytical framework for testing the buzz hypothesis, with a special reference to the importance of social bonds and networks in Amsterdam. In our empirical analysis we use a unique dataset on social network connectivity and spatial concentration in a city, based on location-sharing services through the use of Foursquare data. Our urban buzz model shows clearly that buzz and socioeconomic (cultural) diversity are closely connected phenomena.
{"title":"The sociocultural sources of urban buzz","authors":"Daniel Arribas-Bel, K. Kourtit, P. Nijkamp","doi":"10.1177/0263774X15614711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X15614711","url":null,"abstract":"Cities have become playgrounds for competitive behaviour and rapid economic dynamics. However, in many cities (or urban agglomerations) economic growth is mainly manifested in specific geographic areas, where creative people and innovative entrepreneurs are located. In this paper we offer first the conceptual and operational foundation for analyzing this so-called ‘urban buzz’ and its interlinked primary drivers. We next develop an analytical framework for testing the buzz hypothesis, with a special reference to the importance of social bonds and networks in Amsterdam. In our empirical analysis we use a unique dataset on social network connectivity and spatial concentration in a city, based on location-sharing services through the use of Foursquare data. Our urban buzz model shows clearly that buzz and socioeconomic (cultural) diversity are closely connected phenomena.","PeriodicalId":232420,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132059563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0263774X15614693
A. Barron, Jean-Marc Trouille
We use data from in-depth interviews with business lobbyists in Brussels to investigate why they choose to join lobbying coalitions. We find that lobbyists face two competing institutional incentives. First, they are confronted with incentives to ally with other European organisations, develop multi-lateral policy messages and communicate messages to the Commission and the Parliament. Simultaneously, they face inducements to join narrower coalitions, develop bilateral policy messages and direct those messages at the Council. Lobbyists' receptivity to these incentives – and thus their choices of lobbying coalitions – differs with their age, educational background and with the type and ownership structure of the organisations they represent. Combined, our findings contribute to the limited, mainly American literature on interest coalitions by demonstrating that lobbyists operate in complex institutional environments, and that their interpretations of and reactions to institutional complexity are shaped by individual- and organisational-level factors.
{"title":"Perceptions of institutional complexity and lobbyists' decisions to join lobbying coalitions – Evidence from the European Union context","authors":"A. Barron, Jean-Marc Trouille","doi":"10.1177/0263774X15614693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X15614693","url":null,"abstract":"We use data from in-depth interviews with business lobbyists in Brussels to investigate why they choose to join lobbying coalitions. We find that lobbyists face two competing institutional incentives. First, they are confronted with incentives to ally with other European organisations, develop multi-lateral policy messages and communicate messages to the Commission and the Parliament. Simultaneously, they face inducements to join narrower coalitions, develop bilateral policy messages and direct those messages at the Council. Lobbyists' receptivity to these incentives – and thus their choices of lobbying coalitions – differs with their age, educational background and with the type and ownership structure of the organisations they represent. Combined, our findings contribute to the limited, mainly American literature on interest coalitions by demonstrating that lobbyists operate in complex institutional environments, and that their interpretations of and reactions to institutional complexity are shaped by individual- and organisational-level factors.","PeriodicalId":232420,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133629054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0263774X16628376
A. Rodríguez‐Pose, Henrik Selin
{"title":"Moving forward in EPC","authors":"A. Rodríguez‐Pose, Henrik Selin","doi":"10.1177/0263774X16628376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X16628376","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":232420,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123555976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0263774X15614178
P. Allmendinger, G. Haughton, E. Shepherd
A range of new spaces of English planning have emerged in recent years. One new space of clear import is the sub-region. In this paper we seek to gain a better understanding of why sub-regional spaces emerge, how they are used and how planning functions through them. Drawing upon an analysis of three English regions and interviews with actors the paper identifies four types of sub-regional planning that highlight the relationship between accountable, legally sanctioned territorial spaces on the one hand and more informal, open and strategic sub-regional spaces on the other. Sub-regional planning provides an important if not critical strategic parallel to regulatory planning though the relationship between the two is characterised by complexity, contestation, experimentation and impermanence. Among other issues raised by this contemporary reworking of planning is the emergence of an accountability gap through the uncoupling of formal democratic processes embedded within territories and the more diffuse practices of strategic plan making.
{"title":"Where is planning to be found? Material practices and the multiple spaces of planning","authors":"P. Allmendinger, G. Haughton, E. Shepherd","doi":"10.1177/0263774X15614178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X15614178","url":null,"abstract":"A range of new spaces of English planning have emerged in recent years. One new space of clear import is the sub-region. In this paper we seek to gain a better understanding of why sub-regional spaces emerge, how they are used and how planning functions through them. Drawing upon an analysis of three English regions and interviews with actors the paper identifies four types of sub-regional planning that highlight the relationship between accountable, legally sanctioned territorial spaces on the one hand and more informal, open and strategic sub-regional spaces on the other. Sub-regional planning provides an important if not critical strategic parallel to regulatory planning though the relationship between the two is characterised by complexity, contestation, experimentation and impermanence. Among other issues raised by this contemporary reworking of planning is the emergence of an accountability gap through the uncoupling of formal democratic processes embedded within territories and the more diffuse practices of strategic plan making.","PeriodicalId":232420,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy","volume":"45 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125696343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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