Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1915410
J. Raman, P. Fakudze, C. Sikaala, J. Chimumbwa, D. Moonasar
Four southern Africa countries, namely, Botswana, Eswatini, Namibia and South Africa, were identified by the World Health Organization as having the potential to eliminate malaria in the near future. However, the extreme interconnectedness of southern African countries facilitates the constant movement of malaria parasites across country-borders, predominately from higher-burden “source” countries to lower-burden “sink” countries, reinforcing the notion that malaria elimination in any southern African country would not be possible without regional cooperation and collaboration. The Elimination 8 initiative (E8) was therefore, created by Health Ministers from eight countries (Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe) to coordinate the implementation of a regional malaria elimination strategy. The E8 supported the implementation of five cross-border malaria control initiatives and the deployment of malaria health units at strategic points along shared borders. These units have contributed to a 30% and 46% reduction in malaria incidence and mortality, respectively, in the E8 border regions. The Situation Room, a novel data sharing platform developed and supported by the E8, has allowed for the early detection of and prompt response to malaria outbreaks. This platform played a vital role in identifying resources gaps due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite advancing the elimination agenda, the E8 region faces challenges which include, significant increases in malaria in certain member states, limited domestic funding and health system bottlenecks. These must be urgently addressed if the gains made through the E8 are to be sustained and malaria elimination is to be achieved across southern Africa.
{"title":"Eliminating malaria from the margins of transmission in Southern Africa through the Elimination 8 Initiative","authors":"J. Raman, P. Fakudze, C. Sikaala, J. Chimumbwa, D. Moonasar","doi":"10.1080/0035919X.2021.1915410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1915410","url":null,"abstract":"Four southern Africa countries, namely, Botswana, Eswatini, Namibia and South Africa, were identified by the World Health Organization as having the potential to eliminate malaria in the near future. However, the extreme interconnectedness of southern African countries facilitates the constant movement of malaria parasites across country-borders, predominately from higher-burden “source” countries to lower-burden “sink” countries, reinforcing the notion that malaria elimination in any southern African country would not be possible without regional cooperation and collaboration. The Elimination 8 initiative (E8) was therefore, created by Health Ministers from eight countries (Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe) to coordinate the implementation of a regional malaria elimination strategy. The E8 supported the implementation of five cross-border malaria control initiatives and the deployment of malaria health units at strategic points along shared borders. These units have contributed to a 30% and 46% reduction in malaria incidence and mortality, respectively, in the E8 border regions. The Situation Room, a novel data sharing platform developed and supported by the E8, has allowed for the early detection of and prompt response to malaria outbreaks. This platform played a vital role in identifying resources gaps due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite advancing the elimination agenda, the E8 region faces challenges which include, significant increases in malaria in certain member states, limited domestic funding and health system bottlenecks. These must be urgently addressed if the gains made through the E8 are to be sustained and malaria elimination is to be achieved across southern Africa.","PeriodicalId":23255,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa","volume":"76 1","pages":"137 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1915410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43738159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1934285
B. V. van Wilgen
{"title":"Obituary: Robert John (Bob) Scholes (28 October 1957–28 April 2021)","authors":"B. V. van Wilgen","doi":"10.1080/0035919X.2021.1934285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1934285","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23255,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa","volume":"76 1","pages":"221 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1934285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44364339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1940574
Article title: Neuroscience and Literacy: An Integrative View Authors: Ellis, G. & Bloch, C. Journal: Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1912848 Changing the corresponding author for the paper from Ellis, G. to Bloch, C. The reason is that the paper has two very separate audiences: neuroscientists and educationists, the latter particularly in South Africa. We wish to encourage debate with the latter audience. Prof Bloch is the expert in the latter area, and it is appropriate that questions in this regard be directly referred to her. She authored all the sections of the paper that deal with that topic. George Ellis
文章标题:神经科学和读写能力:一个综合的观点作者:Ellis, G. & Bloch, C.期刊:南非皇家学会学报DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1912848将论文的通讯作者从Ellis, G.改为Bloch, C.原因是该论文有两个非常不同的受众:神经科学家和教育家，后者特别是在南非。我们希望鼓励与后一位听众进行辩论。布洛赫教授是后一个领域的专家，这方面的问题直接向她提出是恰当的。这篇论文中涉及那个主题的所有章节都是她写的。乔治·埃利斯
{"title":"Correction","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/0035919X.2021.1940574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1940574","url":null,"abstract":"Article title: Neuroscience and Literacy: An Integrative View Authors: Ellis, G. & Bloch, C. Journal: Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1912848 Changing the corresponding author for the paper from Ellis, G. to Bloch, C. The reason is that the paper has two very separate audiences: neuroscientists and educationists, the latter particularly in South Africa. We wish to encourage debate with the latter audience. Prof Bloch is the expert in the latter area, and it is appropriate that questions in this regard be directly referred to her. She authored all the sections of the paper that deal with that topic. George Ellis","PeriodicalId":23255,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa","volume":"76 1","pages":"223 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1940574","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45721665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1887004
S. Oliver
Anopheles arabiensis typically breeds in clean, temporary bodies of water. This species, however, is adapting to breeding in polluted water. This has the effect of pollutants being non-insecticidal forms of selection pressure driving insecticide resistance. Cigarette butts are common plastic pollutants which are complex toxicants that would include nicotine pollutants. This is of concern as the neonicotinoid clothianidin is suggested as a potential vector control insecticide. As such, there is a risk that larval exposure to cigarette pollution could alter the efficacy of this insecticide. This study aimed to examine the effect of larval cigarette exposure on the life history of laboratory-reared An. arabiensis, as well as elucidate the role of nicotine in these effects. Two laboratory strains of An. arabiensis were used, the insecticide susceptible SENN and the resistant SENN-DDT strain. The effects of cigarette and nicotine exposure on key life history traits were assessed. SENN-DDT laid more eggs in cigarette-polluted water than SENN but developed significantly slower in polluted water. Larval cigarette selection increased adult longevity in SENN-DDT, but reduced longevity in SENN. Larval selection did not alter neonicotinoid tolerance in males of either strain, or female SENN. Nicotine selection increased tolerance to both neonicotinoids, but cigarette selection only increased clothianidin tolerance in SENN-DDT females. Insecticide resistant An. arabiensis therefore had an advantage in cigarette polluted environments. Selection for cigarette tolerance only increased neonicotinoid tolerance where insecticide resistance was already present. Therefore, larval cigarette exposure may only have a limited effect on neonicotinoid efficacy for malaria control.
{"title":"The effect of larval cigarette exposure on the life history of the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae)","authors":"S. Oliver","doi":"10.1080/0035919X.2021.1887004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1887004","url":null,"abstract":"Anopheles arabiensis typically breeds in clean, temporary bodies of water. This species, however, is adapting to breeding in polluted water. This has the effect of pollutants being non-insecticidal forms of selection pressure driving insecticide resistance. Cigarette butts are common plastic pollutants which are complex toxicants that would include nicotine pollutants. This is of concern as the neonicotinoid clothianidin is suggested as a potential vector control insecticide. As such, there is a risk that larval exposure to cigarette pollution could alter the efficacy of this insecticide. This study aimed to examine the effect of larval cigarette exposure on the life history of laboratory-reared An. arabiensis, as well as elucidate the role of nicotine in these effects. Two laboratory strains of An. arabiensis were used, the insecticide susceptible SENN and the resistant SENN-DDT strain. The effects of cigarette and nicotine exposure on key life history traits were assessed. SENN-DDT laid more eggs in cigarette-polluted water than SENN but developed significantly slower in polluted water. Larval cigarette selection increased adult longevity in SENN-DDT, but reduced longevity in SENN. Larval selection did not alter neonicotinoid tolerance in males of either strain, or female SENN. Nicotine selection increased tolerance to both neonicotinoids, but cigarette selection only increased clothianidin tolerance in SENN-DDT females. Insecticide resistant An. arabiensis therefore had an advantage in cigarette polluted environments. Selection for cigarette tolerance only increased neonicotinoid tolerance where insecticide resistance was already present. Therefore, larval cigarette exposure may only have a limited effect on neonicotinoid efficacy for malaria control.","PeriodicalId":23255,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa","volume":"76 1","pages":"117 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1887004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44117774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1912847
A. Ramaano
Musina municipality is one of the driest municipality in the far North of Limpopo Province, South Africa. It is plainly constituted by poor livelihoods of rural communities, as extensively does most rural communities elsewhere. Nevertheless, the Municipality represents some of the most tourism-based areas in the Vhembe district of Limpopo. The matters of tourism, community livelihoods and sustainable development have been increasingly coming to the forefront. Nonetheless, numerous studies fail to properly assume the integral significances and the comprehensive roles of various forms of tourism in community development within many rural areas; such being a special contribution to the academic knowledge from this investigation. This study evaluates “prospects of using tourism industry to advance community livelihoods in Musina municipality, Limpopo South Africa”. In order to adequately comprehend the dynamics of tourism in Musina municipality, data were ultimately gathered through the use questionnaire surveys, interviews, focus group discussions, document reviews and field observations. Thus, Microsoft Excel, Spread sheet and Manual sorting of data contributed to both quantitative and qualitative data analyses. The study discovered that there are vast tourism potentials, attributed by poor tourism impacts and benefits on local community’s livelihoods improvement. The implications and contributory factors leading to the actual and potential tourism statuses in Musina municipality were essentially scrutinised. The study resolves that Musina municipality is well endowed with tourism potentials that require a proper tourism strategy to afford the benefits to the locals.
穆西纳市是南非林波波省北部最干旱的城市之一。它显然是由农村社区的贫困生计构成的，就像其他地方的大多数农村社区一样。然而，市政府代表了林波波Vhembe地区一些最具旅游基础的地区。旅游、社区生计和可持续发展等问题日益成为人们关注的焦点。然而，许多研究未能正确地承担各种形式的旅游在许多农村地区社区发展中的整体意义和综合作用;这是本研究对学术知识的特殊贡献。本研究评估了“利用旅游业促进南非林波波穆西纳市社区生计的前景”。为了充分了解穆西纳市旅游业的动态，最终通过使用问卷调查、访谈、焦点小组讨论、文件审查和实地观察收集了数据。因此，Microsoft Excel, spreadsheet和Manual sorting of data有助于定量和定性的数据分析。该研究发现，由于旅游影响不佳和对当地社区生计改善的好处，有巨大的旅游潜力。对导致穆西纳市实际和潜在旅游状况的影响和促成因素进行了基本审查。该研究表明，穆西纳市具有良好的旅游潜力，需要适当的旅游战略来为当地人提供利益。
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Pub Date : 2021-03-18DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1890274
D. Moonasar, C. Davies, R. Balawanth, E. Misiani, M. Shandukani, J. Raman, Y. Pillay
Low incidence rates of malaria (<1/1000 population at risk) in South Africa led the World Health Organization to recommend that the country pursue malaria elimination (zero local cases). The first elimination strategy published in 2012, targeted elimination by 2018. Unfortunately, this goal was not realised. This paper explores the challenges faced and lessons learnt during the implementation of the country’s first elimination strategy and makes recommendations for accelerating towards malaria elimination using the revised elimination strategy (2019–2023). Secondary descriptive data analysis was used to gauge progress and identify challenges and lessons learnt. Data were sourced from the WHO malaria end term programme review reports (2012–2018), a WHO malaria elimination certification checklist report and the National Malaria DHIS2 malaria elimination database. Malaria cases in South Africa increased from 5255 in 2012 to 15,554 in 2018, with an outbreak in 2017 where 28,264 cases were reported. Local transmission occurred in 11 of the 52 districts but with varying transmission intensities. Sub-optimal coverage of essential vector control and surveillance interventions were noted in KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces. Case notification within 24 h, and accurate case classification remain challenges. The National Malaria Control Programme mobilised additional financial resources from government to address the challenges identified – particularly, in terms of vector control intervention coverage, surveillance activities (parasitological and entomological) and employment of an appropriately skilled workforce. Districts with close to zero local cases will be supported for sub-national malaria elimination. This phased approached will advance elimination of malaria in South Africa.
{"title":"Progress, challenges and priorities for malaria elimination in South Africa","authors":"D. Moonasar, C. Davies, R. Balawanth, E. Misiani, M. Shandukani, J. Raman, Y. Pillay","doi":"10.1080/0035919X.2021.1890274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1890274","url":null,"abstract":"Low incidence rates of malaria (<1/1000 population at risk) in South Africa led the World Health Organization to recommend that the country pursue malaria elimination (zero local cases). The first elimination strategy published in 2012, targeted elimination by 2018. Unfortunately, this goal was not realised. This paper explores the challenges faced and lessons learnt during the implementation of the country’s first elimination strategy and makes recommendations for accelerating towards malaria elimination using the revised elimination strategy (2019–2023). Secondary descriptive data analysis was used to gauge progress and identify challenges and lessons learnt. Data were sourced from the WHO malaria end term programme review reports (2012–2018), a WHO malaria elimination certification checklist report and the National Malaria DHIS2 malaria elimination database. Malaria cases in South Africa increased from 5255 in 2012 to 15,554 in 2018, with an outbreak in 2017 where 28,264 cases were reported. Local transmission occurred in 11 of the 52 districts but with varying transmission intensities. Sub-optimal coverage of essential vector control and surveillance interventions were noted in KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces. Case notification within 24 h, and accurate case classification remain challenges. The National Malaria Control Programme mobilised additional financial resources from government to address the challenges identified – particularly, in terms of vector control intervention coverage, surveillance activities (parasitological and entomological) and employment of an appropriately skilled workforce. Districts with close to zero local cases will be supported for sub-national malaria elimination. This phased approached will advance elimination of malaria in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":23255,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa","volume":"76 1","pages":"105 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1890274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44185568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2020.1850541
A. Kara
In this paper, we put together a number of results dealing with the interplay between symmetries and conservation laws of partial differential equations (pdes) and extensions to pdes involving perturbations. The results will emphasise the independence on an ‘exact’ Lagrangian for the pdes so that the celebrated result of Noether is, in some senses, extended to non-variational systems. A number of examples are presented.
{"title":"On the invariance and conservation laws of differential equations","authors":"A. Kara","doi":"10.1080/0035919X.2020.1850541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2020.1850541","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we put together a number of results dealing with the interplay between symmetries and conservation laws of partial differential equations (pdes) and extensions to pdes involving perturbations. The results will emphasise the independence on an ‘exact’ Lagrangian for the pdes so that the celebrated result of Noether is, in some senses, extended to non-variational systems. A number of examples are presented.","PeriodicalId":23255,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa","volume":"76 1","pages":"89 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0035919X.2020.1850541","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48025658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2020.1856214
S. Master
Robert Broom, FRS (1866–1951) was the most internationally prominent South African palaeontologist in the early twentieth century. He wrote to the most famous South African geologist of that time, Alexander Logie du Toit (1878–1948), in 1941, after du Toit had retired to live in Cape Town. Broom speculated to du Toit about his chances of being nominated as Fellow of the Royal Society of London, and gave an account of his own experiences before being made an FRS in 1920, citing the opposition of Arthur Smith Woodward. He provided the reasons for his controversial sale of Karoo vertebrate fossils to the American Museum of Natural History in 1913 (rather than to the South African or British museums, as had been expected). In his second letter of 1942, Broom asked du Toit about the exact type locality of the important mammal-like reptile (therapsid) Tritylodon. He encouraged du Toit to seek the support of Arthur Rogers, FRS, in his fellowship bid for the Royal Society.
{"title":"Politics of fossils and the Royal Society: two letters from Robert Broom to Alexander du Toit (1941–1942)","authors":"S. Master","doi":"10.1080/0035919X.2020.1856214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2020.1856214","url":null,"abstract":"Robert Broom, FRS (1866–1951) was the most internationally prominent South African palaeontologist in the early twentieth century. He wrote to the most famous South African geologist of that time, Alexander Logie du Toit (1878–1948), in 1941, after du Toit had retired to live in Cape Town. Broom speculated to du Toit about his chances of being nominated as Fellow of the Royal Society of London, and gave an account of his own experiences before being made an FRS in 1920, citing the opposition of Arthur Smith Woodward. He provided the reasons for his controversial sale of Karoo vertebrate fossils to the American Museum of Natural History in 1913 (rather than to the South African or British museums, as had been expected). In his second letter of 1942, Broom asked du Toit about the exact type locality of the important mammal-like reptile (therapsid) Tritylodon. He encouraged du Toit to seek the support of Arthur Rogers, FRS, in his fellowship bid for the Royal Society.","PeriodicalId":23255,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa","volume":"157 1","pages":"97 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0035919X.2020.1856214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41292088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1900949
F. C. Olaniyi, J. Ogola, T. Tshitangano
Many developing countries face various challenges in managing medical waste properly, and most of these challenges lie within the healthcare facilities. This study was conducted to investigate the challenges of effective management of medical waste in Vhembe District from the perspective of healthcare workers. The convergent parallel approach of mixed-method design was adopted. In-depth interviews were conducted with managers, infection prevention and control coordinators and environmental health practitioners of 15 public healthcare facilities in the district to gain insight into the challenges they identify in their respective healthcare facilities. A self-administered questionnaire was employed to obtain data from medical waste generators and handlers. Qualitative data were thematically analysed, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25 was used to analyse the quantitative data. The challenges identified by healthcare workers include poor understanding of medical waste management guidelines and poor compliance; lack of regular training; poor attitudes of medical waste generators; insufficiency of waste management equipment and sub-standard central storage rooms. Most of the challenges were found to be linked to inadequate training of healthcare workers. For effective management of medical waste, efforts should be intensified towards adequate training of healthcare workers and provision of necessary equipment.
{"title":"Challenges of effective management of medical waste in low-resource settings: perception of healthcare workers in Vhembe district healthcare facilities, South Africa","authors":"F. C. Olaniyi, J. Ogola, T. Tshitangano","doi":"10.1080/0035919X.2021.1900949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1900949","url":null,"abstract":"Many developing countries face various challenges in managing medical waste properly, and most of these challenges lie within the healthcare facilities. This study was conducted to investigate the challenges of effective management of medical waste in Vhembe District from the perspective of healthcare workers. The convergent parallel approach of mixed-method design was adopted. In-depth interviews were conducted with managers, infection prevention and control coordinators and environmental health practitioners of 15 public healthcare facilities in the district to gain insight into the challenges they identify in their respective healthcare facilities. A self-administered questionnaire was employed to obtain data from medical waste generators and handlers. Qualitative data were thematically analysed, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25 was used to analyse the quantitative data. The challenges identified by healthcare workers include poor understanding of medical waste management guidelines and poor compliance; lack of regular training; poor attitudes of medical waste generators; insufficiency of waste management equipment and sub-standard central storage rooms. Most of the challenges were found to be linked to inadequate training of healthcare workers. For effective management of medical waste, efforts should be intensified towards adequate training of healthcare workers and provision of necessary equipment.","PeriodicalId":23255,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa","volume":"76 1","pages":"81 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1900949","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47207153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2021.1887005
M. Moir
By reading, you can know the knowledge and things more, not only about what you get from people to people. Book will be more trusted. As this bats of central and southern africa a biogeographic and taxonomic synthesis, it will really give you the good idea to be successful. It is not only for you to be success in certain life you can be successful in everything. The success can be started by knowing the basic knowledge and do actions.
{"title":"Bats of Central and Southern Africa: a biogeographic and taxonomic synthesis","authors":"M. Moir","doi":"10.1080/0035919X.2021.1887005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1887005","url":null,"abstract":"By reading, you can know the knowledge and things more, not only about what you get from people to people. Book will be more trusted. As this bats of central and southern africa a biogeographic and taxonomic synthesis, it will really give you the good idea to be successful. It is not only for you to be success in certain life you can be successful in everything. The success can be started by knowing the basic knowledge and do actions.","PeriodicalId":23255,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa","volume":"76 1","pages":"103 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0035919X.2021.1887005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42989054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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