The speed of a ship which is towed in a channel of restricted width and depth, such as a canal or river, depends on the towing force but it is also influenced by other factors including fluid friction, channel geometry and the blockage factor (the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the ship to that of the channel). If speed steadily increases, a ship may move through three speed ranges namely, the sub-critical, critical and super-critical speed ranges. The lower critical speed is reached at the change from the sub-critical to the critical speed range and the upper critical speed at the change from the critical to the super-critical speed range. 2, 3
{"title":"On Ship Motions and Waves in Navigable Channels with Particular Reference to the Experiments of John Scott Russell: 1834–1835","authors":"R. Schofield, L. Martin","doi":"10.1179/tns.2004.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/tns.2004.006","url":null,"abstract":"The speed of a ship which is towed in a channel of restricted width and depth, such as a canal or river, depends on the towing force but it is also influenced by other factors including fluid friction, channel geometry and the blockage factor (the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the ship to that of the channel). If speed steadily increases, a ship may move through three speed ranges namely, the sub-critical, critical and super-critical speed ranges. The lower critical speed is reached at the change from the sub-critical to the critical speed range and the upper critical speed at the change from the critical to the super-critical speed range. 2, 3","PeriodicalId":232627,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Newcomen Society","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131363337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Africa, political influences, 48 Agapain, Les Meuliers, Meules et Pierres meulières dans le Bassin parisien [BR], 150–51 Agar, J., Technology and British Cartoonists in the Twentieth Century, 181–96 aggregate-transfer process, 83 Aldridge, J.M. see Armstrong, J. [BR] Alfa Romeo 156 JTD car, 89, 101 Allen, J.S., and Elton, J.M.H., Edward Short and the 1714 Newcomen Engine at Bilston, Staffs., 281–91 American Bridge Company, steel railway viaducts, 63–64 American industrialisation, 8–9 American Window Glass Company, 25 Ardrossan Canal, 127n6 discovery of solitary wave, 123 speed trials, 113, 114 Arkwright, Richard, 5–6 Armstrong, J., Aldridge, J.M., Boyes, G., Mustoe, G., and Storey, R.A., Companion to British Road Haulage History [BR], 154–56 Ashby, E., 175 Ashcroft, John, railway supply catalogue, 302, 303, 307n27 Ashton, T.S., 167 assembly line concept, 11 Aswan Dam sluices, 217, 218, 235–37 Athenry (Co. Galway), water tower, 82 Atlas Imperial diesel engines, 93, 95, 96 Austin, Henry, 142, 143–44 Avery, C.W., 35–36
非洲，政治影响，48 Agapain, Les Meuliers, Meules et Pierres meulires dans le bassisien [BR]， 150-51 Agar, J.，技术与二十世纪英国漫画家，181-96聚合转移过程，83 Aldridge, J. m . see Armstrong, J. [BR] Alfa Romeo 156 JTD汽车，89,101 Allen, J. s. Elton, J. m . h . Edward Short和1714纽科门发动机。， 281-91美国桥梁公司，钢铁铁路高架桥，63-64美国工业化，8-9美国窗户玻璃公司，25阿德罗桑运河，127n6孤独波的发现，123速度试验，113,114阿克赖特，Richard, 5-6阿姆斯特朗，Aldridge, J.M, Boyes, G, Mustoe, G, Storey, R.A，英国公路运输历史指南[BR]， 154-56阿什比，E, 175阿什克罗夫特，约翰，铁路供应目录，302,303,307n27阿什顿，T.S, 167装配线概念，11阿斯万大坝水闸，217、218、235-37 athry (Co Galway)，水塔，82 Atlas Imperial柴油发动机，93、95、96 Austin, Henry, 142、143-44 Avery, C.W, 35-36
{"title":"Index","authors":"Índex memòria, Índex memòria, M. Ramon","doi":"10.1179/tns.2004.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/tns.2004.020","url":null,"abstract":"Africa, political influences, 48 Agapain, Les Meuliers, Meules et Pierres meulières dans le Bassin parisien [BR], 150–51 Agar, J., Technology and British Cartoonists in the Twentieth Century, 181–96 aggregate-transfer process, 83 Aldridge, J.M. see Armstrong, J. [BR] Alfa Romeo 156 JTD car, 89, 101 Allen, J.S., and Elton, J.M.H., Edward Short and the 1714 Newcomen Engine at Bilston, Staffs., 281–91 American Bridge Company, steel railway viaducts, 63–64 American industrialisation, 8–9 American Window Glass Company, 25 Ardrossan Canal, 127n6 discovery of solitary wave, 123 speed trials, 113, 114 Arkwright, Richard, 5–6 Armstrong, J., Aldridge, J.M., Boyes, G., Mustoe, G., and Storey, R.A., Companion to British Road Haulage History [BR], 154–56 Ashby, E., 175 Ashcroft, John, railway supply catalogue, 302, 303, 307n27 Ashton, T.S., 167 assembly line concept, 11 Aswan Dam sluices, 217, 218, 235–37 Athenry (Co. Galway), water tower, 82 Atlas Imperial diesel engines, 93, 95, 96 Austin, Henry, 142, 143–44 Avery, C.W., 35–36","PeriodicalId":232627,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Newcomen Society","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126552936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Civil Engineering History of Four Coal-Shipping Ports in North East England, 1717–1821","authors":"R. Rennison","doi":"10.1179/TNS.2004.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/TNS.2004.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":232627,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Newcomen Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132403651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Notes on Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1179/tns.2004.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/tns.2004.019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":232627,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Newcomen Society","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130388384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Setting aside the possibility that Newcomen’s first attempt at building an engine, apparently unsuccessful, was in Cornwall at Balcoath, near Porkellis or at Wheal Vor, Breage, it has been accepted that the first successful engine was the so-called Dudley Castle engine built at Coneygree Coalworks, Tipton, Staffordshire in 1712. For many years the approximate site of this engine was not clear but papers have confirmed beyond reasonable doubt that this was at Tipton at Coneygree Colliery and was overlooked by the Dudley Castle itself. Apparently conflicting evidence, which was not contemporary, suggested a site in or near to Wolverhampton and perhaps on the Wolverhampton to Walsall Road. With the lack of other evidence and the identification of the Tipton site for the 1712 engine the possibility of a very early engine at or near to Wolverhampton has latterly been neglected. Very recently an account book has been re-discovered of a colliery at Bilston, on the edge of Wolverhampton, at which a Newcomen Engine was at work by perhaps September or certainly by December 1714. This account book is by Edward Short and has been preserved by a descendant to whom we are greatly indebted for his permission to transcribe and quote.5 A factor which makes this colliery account unique is that it has Newcomen’s signature and also those of others known to have been associated with him, and who operated on his behalf. Of the now six early engines with which Newcomen was involved this is the first direct evidence that Newcomen visited the sites although there could be little doubt that generally he did. The date of this engine makes it but the third or fourth positively identified and follows the first Newcomen engine at Griff in Warwickshire and/or the engine at Hawarden in Flintshire. The account book contains the work of Edward Short, Thomas Newcomen, John Dunsford and Charles Trengrove. This paper will examine the evidence from the accounts and consider the relevance of the other earlier evidence referred above. It will attempt to locate the likely site of the engine.
{"title":"Edward Short and the 1714 Newcomen Engine at Bilston, Staffs","authors":"John S. Allen, Julia Elton","doi":"10.1179/TNS.2004.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/TNS.2004.016","url":null,"abstract":"Setting aside the possibility that Newcomen’s first attempt at building an engine, apparently unsuccessful, was in Cornwall at Balcoath, near Porkellis or at Wheal Vor, Breage, it has been accepted that the first successful engine was the so-called Dudley Castle engine built at Coneygree Coalworks, Tipton, Staffordshire in 1712. For many years the approximate site of this engine was not clear but papers have confirmed beyond reasonable doubt that this was at Tipton at Coneygree Colliery and was overlooked by the Dudley Castle itself. Apparently conflicting evidence, which was not contemporary, suggested a site in or near to Wolverhampton and perhaps on the Wolverhampton to Walsall Road. With the lack of other evidence and the identification of the Tipton site for the 1712 engine the possibility of a very early engine at or near to Wolverhampton has latterly been neglected. Very recently an account book has been re-discovered of a colliery at Bilston, on the edge of Wolverhampton, at which a Newcomen Engine was at work by perhaps September or certainly by December 1714. This account book is by Edward Short and has been preserved by a descendant to whom we are greatly indebted for his permission to transcribe and quote.5 A factor which makes this colliery account unique is that it has Newcomen’s signature and also those of others known to have been associated with him, and who operated on his behalf. Of the now six early engines with which Newcomen was involved this is the first direct evidence that Newcomen visited the sites although there could be little doubt that generally he did. The date of this engine makes it but the third or fourth positively identified and follows the first Newcomen engine at Griff in Warwickshire and/or the engine at Hawarden in Flintshire. The account book contains the work of Edward Short, Thomas Newcomen, John Dunsford and Charles Trengrove. This paper will examine the evidence from the accounts and consider the relevance of the other earlier evidence referred above. It will attempt to locate the likely site of the engine.","PeriodicalId":232627,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Newcomen Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130543409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Development of Flat Glass Manufacturing Processes","authors":"M. Cable","doi":"10.1179/tns.2004.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/tns.2004.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":232627,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Newcomen Society","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126418695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Before Bazalgette: The Surrey and Kent Commission of Sewers 1800–1847","authors":"Peter JEFFERSON SMITH","doi":"10.1179/tns.2004.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/tns.2004.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":232627,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Newcomen Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116647333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Planning and Construction of the Uganda Railway","authors":"H. Gunston","doi":"10.1179/TNS.2004.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/TNS.2004.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":232627,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Newcomen Society","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126710655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the introduction of prestressing and the use of precasting of sections or segments in conjunction with prestressing, for the construction of concrete service water reservoirs and water towers, for purposes of public water supply in Britain and Ireland. Prestressing to combat hoop stress in cylindrical concrete tanks became permissible under the Water Retaining Code of Practice of 1938, but it was to be some years before the anchorage systems available allowed for its use in the construction of service water reservoirs. Since then, a number of systems and arrangements have been used successfully. Once the use of reinforced concrete became widespread for water tanks, it was necessary to ensure that the walls of water-retaining structures were always watertight. In the early 1900s a variety of techniques was employed to ensure that walls were watertight until it was realised that a good quality concrete, properly designed and mixed, should meet the requirement. By 1922, H.C. Ritchie, who later introduced his patent system of ‘reinforced steelwork’, was advocating the use of reinforced concrete for water-retaining structures, noting that:
{"title":"The Use of Prestressing and Precasting in Concrete Water Tanks and Towers in Britain and Ireland","authors":"M. Gould, D. Cleland, S. Gilbert","doi":"10.1179/tns.2004.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/tns.2004.004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the introduction of prestressing and the use of precasting of sections or segments in conjunction with prestressing, for the construction of concrete service water reservoirs and water towers, for purposes of public water supply in Britain and Ireland. Prestressing to combat hoop stress in cylindrical concrete tanks became permissible under the Water Retaining Code of Practice of 1938, but it was to be some years before the anchorage systems available allowed for its use in the construction of service water reservoirs. Since then, a number of systems and arrangements have been used successfully. Once the use of reinforced concrete became widespread for water tanks, it was necessary to ensure that the walls of water-retaining structures were always watertight. In the early 1900s a variety of techniques was employed to ensure that walls were watertight until it was realised that a good quality concrete, properly designed and mixed, should meet the requirement. By 1922, H.C. Ritchie, who later introduced his patent system of ‘reinforced steelwork’, was advocating the use of reinforced concrete for water-retaining structures, noting that:","PeriodicalId":232627,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Newcomen Society","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124508923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sir Neil Cossons, OBE, FSA, FMA, CIEE, HonCRAeS, has spent most of his career in museums where his particular interests have been in industrial archaeology, transport and the history of technology. He was Curator of Technology at Bristol City Museum in the 1960s, the first Director of the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust, for 12 years from 1971, Director of the National Maritime Museum, and for 14 years down to his retirement in 2000 the Director of the Science Museum, London. He is now Chairman of English Heritage. He has been a member of the Newcomen Society since 1963 and is its immediate Past President.
Neil Cossons爵士，OBE, FSA, FMA, CIEE, HonCRAeS，他的大部分职业生涯都在博物馆度过，他的特别兴趣是工业考古，运输和技术史。他在20世纪60年代担任布里斯托尔城市博物馆的技术馆长，铁桥峡谷博物馆信托基金的首任馆长，从1971年起担任了12年的国家海事博物馆馆长，并在2000年退休前担任了14年的伦敦科学博物馆馆长。他现在是英国遗产委员会主席。自1963年以来，他一直是纽科门协会的成员，也是其直接的前任主席。
{"title":"Notes on Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1179/tns.2004.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/tns.2004.009","url":null,"abstract":"Sir Neil Cossons, OBE, FSA, FMA, CIEE, HonCRAeS, has spent most of his career in museums where his particular interests have been in industrial archaeology, transport and the history of technology. He was Curator of Technology at Bristol City Museum in the 1960s, the first Director of the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust, for 12 years from 1971, Director of the National Maritime Museum, and for 14 years down to his retirement in 2000 the Director of the Science Museum, London. He is now Chairman of English Heritage. He has been a member of the Newcomen Society since 1963 and is its immediate Past President.","PeriodicalId":232627,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Newcomen Society","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130161850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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