Trauma Case Reports最新文献

{"title":"Motorcycle handlebar injuries in patient with “double ring sign” after a road traffic accident: A case report","authors":"S. Kohpe Kapseu","doi":"10.1016/j.tcr.2026.101296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcr.2026.101296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Injuries caused by bicycle handlebars are often associated with the « ring sign », which is a major indicator of severe intra-abdominal injuries. The « double ring sign » in a patient with motorcycle handlebar injuries is rare. We report the case of a patient who was involved in a road traffic accident and suffered motorcycle handlebar injuries, in whom a “double ring sign” was observed. A 40 year-old male farmer, right-handed with a BMI of 23 Kg/m², was admitted in our facility after a road traffic accident. The main complaints were agitation, painful abdomen and pelvic. The diagnosis of hemoperitoneum associated with severe intra-abdominal injuries was made based on the patient's state of shock, generalized abdominal contracture, and the abdominal ring sign indicating intra-abdominal injuries related to the motorcycle handlebars. During a midline xyphopubic laparotomy, a traumatic abdominal wall hernia was observed, mesenteric tear, complete rupture of the small bowel as well as two intestinal wounds, and an hemorrhagic tear of the left iliopsoas muscle. The patient was fully treated in a category 4 rural hospital with a favorable outcome. Patients who have been involved in motorcycle accidents on public roads should be thoroughly examined for signs of ring-shaped or « double ring » bruising caused motorcycle handlebars, as the injuries underlying this symptom are usually severe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23291,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Case Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare double Maisonneuve fracture involving concurrent proximal and distal fibula; Weber type A fracture: A case report","authors":"Akiko Sakai ,&nbsp;Natsumi Saka ,&nbsp;Kentaro Matsui ,&nbsp;Kenjin Nishioka ,&nbsp;Tomoo Nakagawa ,&nbsp;Yoshinobu Watanabe ,&nbsp;Hirotaka Kawano","doi":"10.1016/j.tcr.2026.101295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcr.2026.101295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Double Maisonneuve fracture is an extremely rare traumatic condition characterized by simultaneous proximal and distal fibular fractures with syndesmotic disruption. Previously reported cases involved only Weber type B or C distal fibular fractures. To date, no reports have described an associated Weber type A fracture. We report a case of a double Maisonneuve fracture involving a Weber type A distal fibular fracture and describe the clinical course and surgical management.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 63-year-old man sustained a left lower leg crush injury involving a Weber type A distal fibular fracture, proximal fibular fracture, medial and posterior malleolar fractures, and tibiofibular diastasis. After initial external fixation, definitive internal fixation was performed on postoperative day 9. The Weber type A fracture was treated using nitinol staples, and fibular length restoration was achieved with a foot distractor. The ankle mortise was stabilized using a one-third tubular plate and trans-syndesmotic screws.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Postoperative imaging confirmed adequate fracture reduction and restoration of the ankle mortise. One year after surgery, radiographs and CT showed complete union and maintained syndesmotic alignment. The patient achieved a Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) score of 90/100, with full range of motion in both the knee and ankle.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Double Maisonneuve fracture with a Weber type A distal fibular fracture is extremely rare. Accurate diagnosis requires careful palpation of the proximal fibula and imaging of the entire lower leg. Favorable outcomes can be achieved through proper restoration of fibular length and stabilization of the ankle mortise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23291,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Case Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservative treatment for refracture of the forearm with elastic stable intramedullary nails in situ in an adolescent: A case report","authors":"Hiroo Nakajima ,&nbsp;Jiro Ando ,&nbsp;Masaki Iguchi ,&nbsp;Shuhei Hiyama ,&nbsp;Tsuneari Takahashi ,&nbsp;Kazuki Abe ,&nbsp;Yoshiya Nibe ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Matsumura ,&nbsp;Katsushi Takeshita","doi":"10.1016/j.tcr.2026.101294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcr.2026.101294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) for forearm shaft fractures in children and adolescents is generally associated with favorable outcomes. However, refracture with ESINs in situ is a rare complication. We report a rare case of refracture with implants in situ in a 14-year-old male patient. Six months after the initial surgery, the patient sustained a reinjury while playing soccer. Radiographs confirmed forearm shaft refracture of both the radius and ulna, and both intramedullary nails were bent at the fracture sites but remained unbroken. We performed emergent closed manual reduction after an ultrasound-guided axillary nerve block and successfully realigned the fractures and straightened the intramedullary nails without breakage. Although exchanging the ESINs was proposed, the patient and his family declined surgery, leading to conservative therapy. Bone union was achieved 2 months after refracture, resulting in a favorable outcome. This minimally invasive treatment is a useful first-line option because it requires no new implants and can be performed in emergency departments or outpatient settings. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this specific treatment in East Asian populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23291,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Case Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed migration of orthopedic screw into the bladder following pelvic fracture fixation","authors":"Carly R. Ulrich ,&nbsp;Barry A. Ndeh ,&nbsp;Ryan H. Fitzwater ,&nbsp;Jessica L. Sop ,&nbsp;Nancy M. Duvall ,&nbsp;Aaron L. Sop","doi":"10.1016/j.tcr.2026.101298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcr.2026.101298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Migration of orthopedic screws into the bladder is a rare postoperative complication following surgical fixation of pelvic fractures. We present a case of a 61-year-old man who sustained a type 3 anteroposterior compression injury with pubic symphysis diastasis, left sacroiliac joint dislocation, and lumbar spine transverse process fracture. At the time of presentation open-reduction internal fixation of his pubic symphysis and closed-reduction percutaneous screw fixation of the left sacroiliac joint was performed. At his 6 month post operative visit, the patient was seen for follow up and reported mild pelvic pain and new urinary symptoms, including hematuria and recurrent urinary tract infections, which lead to further investigation. Imaging revealed findings concerning for migration of one of the pubic symphysis screws with bladder involvement. Cystoscopy confirmed the presence of a foreign body in the bladder. The patient subsequently underwent removal of the pelvic hardware, definitive bladder repair and left sacroiliac arthrodesis, followed by an uneventful postoperative course. This report describes the delayed presentation of spontaneous screw migration after repair of an open book pelvic fracture and describes the diagnostic and management considerations for patients with urinary symptoms after pubic symphysis open reduction internal fixation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23291,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Case Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures with elevator and modified wire and screw: A case report","authors":"Bramasto Purbo Sejati ,&nbsp;Muhammad Fuadi ,&nbsp;Lina Mariana ,&nbsp;Muhammad Reza Pahlevi","doi":"10.1016/j.tcr.2026.101297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcr.2026.101297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures can lead to significant facial asymmetry due to displacement of the zygomatic bone. Its management is challenging because of the complex 3D structure and difficult surgical access to the ZMC. This case report evaluates the combination of elevator and modified wire and screw technique to treat ZMC fractures displacement with facial asymmetry.</div></div><div><h3>Case reports</h3><div>A 31-year-old male patient was referred to the emergency room with complaints of pain, swelling on the right face, and facial asymmetry after a motorcycle accident. Anamnesis revealed that the patient is not under medication nor has systemic diseases. Physical examination demonstrated facial asymmetry, oedema, raccoon eyes, paraesthesia, and signs consistent with ZMC fracture. The patient underwent a CT scan, and a displaced ZMC fracture was found. The patient underwent ORIF 3-point fixation to stabilize the zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures mechanically. Elevator and modified wire and screw were used to reduce the fractured fragment and restore the anatomical position of the zygoma. Postoperative follow-up demonstrated a restored midfacial symmetry, improved ocular motility, and high patient satisfaction, with minimal complications.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The modified elevator, wire and screw combination technique offers a solution for the management of complex ZMC fractures, especially those involving rotational deformity in medial rotational fractures. The use of screws and wires is effective in cases of ZMC group IV with controlled strength.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Combination of elevator and modified wire and screw technique is effective in restoring anatomical facial symmetry and functional recovery in the management of ZMC fracture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23291,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Case Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of locking plate fixation combined with intraosseous wiring for an intra-articular depressed fracture of the middle phalangeal base: A case report","authors":"Makoto Motomiya ,&nbsp;Naoya Watanabe ,&nbsp;Mitsutoshi Ota ,&nbsp;Kazuho Aizawa ,&nbsp;Norimasa Iwasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.tcr.2025.101293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcr.2025.101293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Comminuted depressed fractures at the base of the middle phalanx are often difficult to treat with a single fixation method, as achieving both anatomic reduction and stable fixation can be challenging. While soft stainless steel wire fixation and locking plate fixation have each been used individually as definitive treatments, no reports to date have described a combined approach. We present the case of a 74-year-old man with comminuted depressed fractures at the base of the middle and ring finger middle phalanges, successfully treated using a locking plate in combination with soft stainless steel wire. The addition of the wire allowed for temporary stabilization of fracture fragments, prevented displacement during screw insertion, and improved overall construct stability. This technique also enabled early postoperative rehabilitation to reduce the risk of adhesion. The combined use of soft stainless steel wire and locking plate fixation may represent a useful strategy for managing complex fractures of the middle phalanx base.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23291,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Case Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"R. E. S. O. L. V. E: Repair, endovascular stent, observe, ligate & continued vascular evaluation options for management of traumatic profunda femoris artery injury: A single institution case series","authors":"Paul Brosnihan ,&nbsp;Tessa Lamberton ,&nbsp;Jessica Keeley","doi":"10.1016/j.tcr.2025.101268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcr.2025.101268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Management of lower extremity vascular trauma involving the Common Femoral (CFA) and Superficial Femoral (SFA) arteries have been well described. However data describing management of traumatic injuries of the Profunda Femoris Artery (PFA) and associated complications is limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A single institution retrospective review of a Level 1 tertiary care center was performed to identify patients age 18–85 with traumatic PFA injury from November 2014 – December 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifteen patients with PFA injuries were identified with a majority (87 %) due to penetrating mechanisms. Identified injuries were transection (67 %), arteriovenous fistula (7 %), and pseudoaneurysm (27 %). Nearly half (46.7 %) had “hard signs” of vascular injury at time of presentation. Two thirds of patients underwent operative or endovascular intervention. Complications occurred in 5 (33.3 %) of patients, and there was one mortality (6.7 %).<span><div><div><table><thead><tr><th>Treatment</th></tr><tr><td><span>Empty Cell</span></td><th>Ligation</th><th>Endovascular</th><th>Primary Repair</th><th>Observation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Total</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>Evidence of Vascular Injury</td></tr><tr><td>“Hard sign”</td><td>6</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>“Soft sign”</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Complications</td></tr><tr><td>Thigh Fasciotomy</td><td>0</td><td>1<span><span>^a</span></span></td><td>0</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Leg Fasciotomy</td><td>1</td><td>1<span><span>^a</span></span></td><td>0</td><td>1<span><span>^b</span></span></td></tr><tr><td>Mortality</td><td>0</td><td>1<span><span>^a</span></span></td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>1<span><span>^c</span></span></td><td>⁻0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr></tbody></table></div><dl><dt>a</dt><dd><div>Thigh muscle necrosis requiring delayed fasciotomy, lower leg fasciotomy and resulting in mortality.</div></dd><dt>b</dt><dd><div>Missed compartment syndrome requiring delayed leg fasciotomy.</div></dd><dt>c</dt><dd><div>Surgical Site Infection.</div></dd></dl></div></span></div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Traumatic injury to the PFA is a rare entity that is most commonly seen in penetrating trauma. Treatment depends on associated injuries as well as level of injury. Complications occur in a significant number of patients. Given this, intervention should not be delayed and PFA injuries should be monitored for development of compartment syndrome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23291,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Case Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145584585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhabdomyolysis due to a hypernatremia hyperosmolar state in trauma brain injured patient: A case report","authors":"L. Bennis,&nbsp;Y. Elouardi,&nbsp;I.E. Raihani,&nbsp;I. Oussayeh,&nbsp;M. Khallouki","doi":"10.1016/j.tcr.2025.101283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcr.2025.101283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rhabdomyolysis is a serious entity that can progress to acute renal failure and can be life-threatening. Trauma is the most common cause of rhabdomyolysis. However, other etiologies have been reported, including metabolic disorders. We report a case of isolated trauma brain injured patient, who presented a rhabdomyolysis secondary to a hyperosmolar state due hypernatremia, with renal failure and hyperkalemia. To our knowledge, hypernatremia responsible for a hyperosmolar state is a rare cause of rhabdomyolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23291,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Case Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of open skull fracture, subdural hematoma, and brain contusion complicated by traumatic brain injury-associated coagulopathy caused by a lawn trimmer; A case report","authors":"Mitsutoshi Okuda ,&nbsp;Atsushi Morizane ,&nbsp;Sunao Asaba ,&nbsp;Saika Tsurui ,&nbsp;Ryutaro Tsuno ,&nbsp;Daichi Yamasaki ,&nbsp;Mariko Hatakenaka ,&nbsp;Tomoko Sugimura ,&nbsp;Yuichi Saisaka","doi":"10.1016/j.tcr.2025.101266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcr.2025.101266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Penetrating head injury is less common than blunt head injury in Japan but causes devastating complications and requires prompt surgical intervention. However, not all penetrating head injuries are apparent on arrival.</div><div>We herein present a case of a 74-year-old male who lost his balance on a steep hillside and fell on an active lawn trimmer with rotating circular blades, which hit his face. On arrival, the patient was alert and conscious, but was unable to recall the accident. His vital signs were stable and motor functions were normal. The patient had a large laceration ranging from the right lower eyelid to the back of the right auricle. The wound appeared to be superficial with no apparent bone fragments or exposure of the cerebrum. However, trauma CT pan-scan revealed a right temporal bone fracture with multiple skull fragments scattered inside the cranium, and a right temporal lobe contusion. The patient became agitated in the CT suite, followed by a decreased level of consciousness. By the time the patient was rushed back to the emergency room, he was unconscious with minimal respiratory effort, decreased blood pressure, and anisocoria. Blood tests showed evidence of traumatic brain injury-associated coagulopathy. The present case demonstrates how penetrating head injury caused by lawn trimmers may appear subtle in physical examination. The present case also serves as a stark reminder that patients with a high-risk injury or amnesia should undergo trauma CT pan-scan as soon as possible and under-triage of these patients may have devastating consequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23291,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Case Reports","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limb salvage with tibial nerve repair via acute shortening and gradual lengthening in a Gustilo type IIIB tibial shaft fracture: EMG-proven reinnervation of intrinsic foot muscles","authors":"Shunsuke Sato ,&nbsp;Satoshi Hatashita ,&nbsp;Michiyuki Hakozaki ,&nbsp;Takuya Kameda ,&nbsp;Yoichi Kaneuchi ,&nbsp;Masayuki Ito ,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Matsumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.tcr.2025.101288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcr.2025.101288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Limb-length discrepancy following lower-extremity trauma significantly affects patients' functioning and quality of life and is generally avoided by anatomical reconstruction. When lower-extremity trauma is accompanied by tibial-nerve injury, standard treatment protocols may require modifications. We describe a 38-year-old Japanese man with a Gustilo type IIIB open tibial-shaft fracture and complete tibial-nerve rupture, which we treated with acute shortening and gradual lengthening (ASGL). The tibia was shortened by 40 mm to facilitate the tibial nerve's direct end-to-end neurorrhaphy at a healthy site. Initial stabilization was achieved using an external fixator, followed by staged internal fixation and soft-tissue reconstruction with a free latissimus dorsi flap. Once flap integration was confirmed, gradual lengthening with an Ilizarov external fixator restored the limb length, with no length discrepancy. Two years post-injury, the patient regained protective plantar sensation and full weight-bearing ability. He achieved advanced functional milestones: a single-leg stance and hopping. Electromyography (EMG) confirmed the intrinsic foot-muscle reinnervation, including the abductor hallucis and interosseous muscles. The patient resumed snowboarding. This case demonstrates that ASGL has advantages for skeletal and soft-tissue reconstruction and nerve recovery optimization. Although nerve grafting can restore sensation, motor recovery is often limited. In young patients with a complete tibial nerve rupture, tibial shortening to allow direct primary repair may provide superior functional outcomes in both sensory and motor domains. This appears to be the first documentation by EMG of the functional recovery of intrinsic foot muscles following tibial-nerve repair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23291,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Case Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145584584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}