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Friction test machines for rubbery materials 橡胶材料摩擦试验机
Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/TT.3020010105
A. Alliston-Greiner
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引用次数: 1
Studies on the shear stability of macromolecular additives by size exclusion chromatography 用粒径排除色谱法研究大分子添加剂的剪切稳定性
Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/TT.3020010104
M. Florea, P. Luca, S. Balliu
Factors affecting the mechanical stability of polyalkylmethacrylate type additives are comparatively examined for different shear degradation test methods and routine engine service, taking into account rheological and size exclusion chromatography data. The shear test methods are assessed regarding the MWD of the degraded additives. The extent of degradation of macromolecular additives and the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the degraded products depend on the nature and extent of shear stress, average molecular weight, MWD, chemical structure, nature of the base oil and temperature. The shape of the MWD of the sonicated and automotive service subject additives was found to be similar, unlike that of the additives sheared by the diesel injector method. These are narrower and more dependent on the initial MWD of the additive, especially in the case of the additives with broader MWD. A shear test that better correlates with service has to take into account not only the control of shear stress, by appropriate calibration, but also a suitable degradation mechanism.
采用不同的剪切降解试验方法和发动机的常规使用,比较考察了影响聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯型添加剂机械稳定性的因素,并考虑了流变学和粒径排除色谱法的数据。针对降解添加剂的MWD,对剪切试验方法进行了评价。大分子添加剂的降解程度和降解产物的分子量分布取决于剪切应力的性质和程度、平均分子量、MWD、化学结构、基础油的性质和温度。与柴油喷油器方法剪切的添加剂不同,超声波和汽车服务主体添加剂的MWD形状相似。这些范围更窄,更依赖于添加剂的初始随钻距离,特别是在随钻距离更大的添加剂的情况下。一个与使用更相关的剪切试验不仅要考虑剪切应力的控制(通过适当的校准),还要考虑合适的退化机制。
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引用次数: 1
A new approach to the Noack volatility test Noack波动率测试的新方法
Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/TT.3020010102
T. Selby, E. Reichenbach, R. H. Hall
This paper reports on the method and preliminary results of a significant modification of the Noack volatility test. This modification permits collection and examination of the volatile products as well as of the residue. The analysis of such volatiles by chromatography and spectroscopy revealed surprising information that is especially relevant in the face of increasingly difficult automotive and heavy duty engine emission limitations. The data also showed very close agreement with the Unified Test Method for the Noack Volatility Test now covered by CEC L-40-T-87. Important to operators, the authors' modified Noack apparatus avoids the use of the toxic Wood's Metal of the earlier Noack apparatus.
本文报道了对Noack挥发性试验进行重大修改的方法和初步结果。这种改进允许收集和检查挥发性产品以及残留物。通过色谱和光谱学对这些挥发物的分析揭示了令人惊讶的信息,这些信息在面对日益困难的汽车和重型发动机排放限制时尤其相关。数据还显示与CEC L-40-T-87所涵盖的Noack挥发性测试的统一测试方法非常一致。对操作者来说重要的是,作者改进的Noack仪器避免了早期Noack仪器中有毒的木材金属的使用。
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引用次数: 5
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