{"title":"Laboratories at work: Tribotechnology for mining applications at the technical university of Silesia","authors":"S. Scieszka","doi":"10.1002/TT.3020050107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TT.3020050107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23300,"journal":{"name":"Tribotest","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85614556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper gives a general overview of open-gear lubricants. In order to evaluate contending lubricants, laboratory tests are often used as a preliminary screening. When care is taken to perform laboratory tests under conditions which represent the actual operating conditions, simple laboratory tests can be conducted to evaluate products before a product is selected for use in trial runs on actual equipment. In planning laboratory tests, the industrial requirements need to be clearly defined, from the perspective of the supplier, as well as that of the user. Factors such as environmental acceptance, toxicity, and ease of disposal of spent lubricant play as important a role in the formulation of new products as do requirements related to performance, like pumpability, sprayability, adhesiveness, load-carrying ability, and wear protection capability.
{"title":"Open‐gear lubrication: Meeting industrial requirements using laboratory techniques","authors":"P. D. Vaal","doi":"10.1002/TT.3020050108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TT.3020050108","url":null,"abstract":"This paper gives a general overview of open-gear lubricants. In order to evaluate contending lubricants, laboratory tests are often used as a preliminary screening. When care is taken to perform laboratory tests under conditions which represent the actual operating conditions, simple laboratory tests can be conducted to evaluate products before a product is selected for use in trial runs on actual equipment. In planning laboratory tests, the industrial requirements need to be clearly defined, from the perspective of the supplier, as well as that of the user. Factors such as environmental acceptance, toxicity, and ease of disposal of spent lubricant play as important a role in the formulation of new products as do requirements related to performance, like pumpability, sprayability, adhesiveness, load-carrying ability, and wear protection capability.","PeriodicalId":23300,"journal":{"name":"Tribotest","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86100958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, new methods of linear wear estimation of the cylinder liner are proposed. They can be used if the deepest honed valleys remain unaltered during the wear process. In the first part of the paper, the possibility of using various amplitude parameters as measures of wear is studied. The second part presents a new procedure for cylinder liner wear analysis based on the ‘fax-film’ method that allows us to estimate the wear of the cylinder liner without disassembly of the cylinder-piston-piston ring group.
{"title":"A method of measuring ‘zero‐wear’ of the cylinder liner","authors":"P. Pawlus","doi":"10.1002/TT.3020050106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TT.3020050106","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, new methods of linear wear estimation of the cylinder liner are proposed. They can be used if the deepest honed valleys remain unaltered during the wear process. In the first part of the paper, the possibility of using various amplitude parameters as measures of wear is studied. The second part presents a new procedure for cylinder liner wear analysis based on the ‘fax-film’ method that allows us to estimate the wear of the cylinder liner without disassembly of the cylinder-piston-piston ring group.","PeriodicalId":23300,"journal":{"name":"Tribotest","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85368581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is assumed that the contact between bodies in sliding motion produces a stress field and frictional heat source that may induce severe wear from material yielding or fracture. For this situation, a thermomechanical wear model is used to develop a wear transition equation for identifying the dominant factors that will reduce or control such wear, by employing thermoelasticity analyses and contact mechanics. This equation is used to construct wear maps for ease of analysis. Studies are used to substantiate the thermomechanical wear model with experimental results that emphasise the transition from mild to severe wear for dry and lubricated metallic and ceramic sliding contacts under load.
{"title":"Thermomechanical wear modelling","authors":"R. Cowan, W. 0. Winer","doi":"10.1002/TT.3020010202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TT.3020010202","url":null,"abstract":"It is assumed that the contact between bodies in sliding motion produces a stress field and frictional heat source that may induce severe wear from material yielding or fracture. For this situation, a thermomechanical wear model is used to develop a wear transition equation for identifying the dominant factors that will reduce or control such wear, by employing thermoelasticity analyses and contact mechanics. This equation is used to construct wear maps for ease of analysis. Studies are used to substantiate the thermomechanical wear model with experimental results that emphasise the transition from mild to severe wear for dry and lubricated metallic and ceramic sliding contacts under load.","PeriodicalId":23300,"journal":{"name":"Tribotest","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78539823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soots of four types were extracted from two different formulated diesel oils, namely oil ‘A’, a 15W40, and oil ‘B’, a 20W40, after engine (50 h) and tribological (20 h + 20 h) tests. The soots were dispersed into four different model solvents and base oils, and analysed by Photon Correlation Technique. In a first study, soot particle size measurements were conducted after dilution in n-heptane, Kerdane solvent, 60N and 130N base oils. The influences of engine running-time and solvent nature have been particularly considered. The second study has been devoted to the aggregation kinetic of soots in these solvents. These data are important for a better understanding of soot dispersion stability and the rheology of used oils in diesel engines.
通过发动机试验(50 h)和摩擦学试验(20 h + 20 h)，从15W40和20W40两种不同配方的A油和B油中提取四种类型的油烟。将烟灰分散到四种不同的模型溶剂和基础油中，用光子相关技术对其进行分析。在第一项研究中，在正庚烷、Kerdane溶剂、60N和130N基础油中稀释后，测量了煤烟的粒径。特别考虑了发动机运行时间和溶剂性质的影响。第二项研究致力于研究烟灰在这些溶剂中的聚集动力学。这些数据对于更好地了解柴油发动机中油烟分散稳定性和废油的流变性具有重要意义。
{"title":"Laser particle sizing of diesel soots in two formulated oils after different engine tests","authors":"B. Constans, P. Bezot","doi":"10.1002/TT.3020010203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TT.3020010203","url":null,"abstract":"Soots of four types were extracted from two different formulated diesel oils, namely oil ‘A’, a 15W40, and oil ‘B’, a 20W40, after engine (50 h) and tribological (20 h + 20 h) tests. The soots were dispersed into four different model solvents and base oils, and analysed by Photon Correlation Technique. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000In a first study, soot particle size measurements were conducted after dilution in n-heptane, Kerdane solvent, 60N and 130N base oils. The influences of engine running-time and solvent nature have been particularly considered. The second study has been devoted to the aggregation kinetic of soots in these solvents. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000These data are important for a better understanding of soot dispersion stability and the rheology of used oils in diesel engines.","PeriodicalId":23300,"journal":{"name":"Tribotest","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88944541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Bovington, H. Arnould, J. Macé, R. Bregent, R. Durrant
The development of the valve train scuffing wear test by the CEC PL-35 group is described. This test is run on the PSA TU-3 engine, comprises a cold/low speed and a hot/high speed phase and is of 100 h duration. Oil performance is evaluated in terms of camshaft wear and follower contact pad scuffing merit rating. Studies undertaken by the group to identify those factors essential to the control of test development are described. The evolution of the test, with the introduction of a single point fuel-injected engine, is detailed and the consequences of this on severity and repeatability and reproducibility are discussed.
{"title":"Development of the PSA TU‐3 test for valve train scuffing wear","authors":"C. Bovington, H. Arnould, J. Macé, R. Bregent, R. Durrant","doi":"10.1002/TT.3020010205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TT.3020010205","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the valve train scuffing wear test by the CEC PL-35 group is described. This test is run on the PSA TU-3 engine, comprises a cold/low speed and a hot/high speed phase and is of 100 h duration. Oil performance is evaluated in terms of camshaft wear and follower contact pad scuffing merit rating. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Studies undertaken by the group to identify those factors essential to the control of test development are described. The evolution of the test, with the introduction of a single point fuel-injected engine, is detailed and the consequences of this on severity and repeatability and reproducibility are discussed.","PeriodicalId":23300,"journal":{"name":"Tribotest","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82237397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the development of numerical simulation of forming processes, there is an increasing need to develop a more suitable friction description for use in the numerical simulation codes. In this paper, a plane-strain compression tribometer is described which can measure vertical force, friction force, and vertical displacement simultaneously and accurately. Three different friction models are evaluated with the experimental results. A modified friction model is proposed and some directions are given for future research on friction in metalforming processes.
{"title":"Measurement of friction during the metalforming process","authors":"S. L. Wang, J. Ramaekers, M. Smeets","doi":"10.1002/TT.3020010204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TT.3020010204","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of numerical simulation of forming processes, there is an increasing need to develop a more suitable friction description for use in the numerical simulation codes. In this paper, a plane-strain compression tribometer is described which can measure vertical force, friction force, and vertical displacement simultaneously and accurately. Three different friction models are evaluated with the experimental results. A modified friction model is proposed and some directions are given for future research on friction in metalforming processes.","PeriodicalId":23300,"journal":{"name":"Tribotest","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87823371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laboratories at work: Tribology and condition monitoring at the university of wales, Swansea","authors":"B. Roylance","doi":"10.1002/TT.3020010206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TT.3020010206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23300,"journal":{"name":"Tribotest","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88189352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The tribology laboratories described here are part of the Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und -prufung (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing), known as ‘BAM’.
这里描述的摩擦学实验室是联邦材料研究与测试研究所(简称BAM)的一部分。
{"title":"Laboratories at work: Tribology at BAM, Berlin","authors":"É. Santner","doi":"10.1002/TT.3020010106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TT.3020010106","url":null,"abstract":"The tribology laboratories described here are part of the Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und -prufung (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing), known as ‘BAM’.","PeriodicalId":23300,"journal":{"name":"Tribotest","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87533613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Circular point contact EHD pressure distributions were investigated under various operating conditions using a thin film piezo-resistive pressure transducer. A series of controlled experiments, in which the active element of the transducer is positioned at various contact cross-sections, was carried out. The results are analysed and presented in the form of isobars. The pressure distribution closely describes the Hertzian pressure profile with a secondary pressure peak appearing prior to and near the exit constriction.
{"title":"Measuring contact pressure distributions under elastohydrodynamic point contacts","authors":"P. Johns-Rahnejat, R. Gohar","doi":"10.1002/TT.3020010103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TT.3020010103","url":null,"abstract":"Circular point contact EHD pressure distributions were investigated under various operating conditions using a thin film piezo-resistive pressure transducer. A series of controlled experiments, in which the active element of the transducer is positioned at various contact cross-sections, was carried out. The results are analysed and presented in the form of isobars. The pressure distribution closely describes the Hertzian pressure profile with a secondary pressure peak appearing prior to and near the exit constriction.","PeriodicalId":23300,"journal":{"name":"Tribotest","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89242539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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