Transplant immunology最新文献_第3页

Characteristics linking ischemia-reperfusion to chronic lung allograft dysfunction in lung transplantation: A single-cell bioinformatics analysis 肺移植中缺血-再灌注与慢性同种异体肺移植物功能障碍相关的特征：单细胞生物信息学分析。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Transplant immunology

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2025.102326

Peng Zhang , Zhendong Qiao , Song Zhao , Kai Wu

Background

Lung transplantation offers a life-saving procedure to patients with end-stage lung diseases with 85–89 % one year and 60 % five-year survival rates. Lung transplants are complicated by early ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and late chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). However, the cellular and molecular links between IRI and CLAD remain unclear.

Materials and methods

We integrated single-cell RNA-seq results from GSE220797 and GSE224210 data sets. After quality filtering, we performed Louvain clustering and UMAP visualization. We applied Augur method to prioritize cell populations by transcriptional responsiveness to IRI and CLAD. We also performed dynamic trajectory analyses to map pseudotemporal transitions. Pathway activity was characterized by differential expression analysis and module scoring. Intercellular communication was assessed using CellChat and MEBOCOST analyses. Regulon inference was performed with pySCENIC analysis.

Results

Overall, epithelial cells showed progressive metabolic suppression and activation of cuproptosis, a programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by excessive copper accumulation within cells. Club cells, found in the small airways of the lungs, exhibited developmental plasticity and predictive potential across IRI and CLAD conditions. Among myeloid populations, M1 proinflammatory (AM_M1TM) macrophages underwent macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT) and produced excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) supporting a network of proteins surrounding cells. Metabolite and cell–cell communication analyses revealed declining macrophage/epithelial metabolic crosstalk and differential signaling flux from normal through IRI to CLAD transition.

Conclusions

The integrated single-cell atlas delineates interaction of multiple cells and their signaling pathways linking IRI to CLAD processes. These findings require further verification through studies in animal models and clinical samples.

背景：肺移植为终末期肺病患者提供了一种挽救生命的手术，其一年生存率为85-89 %，五年生存率为60 %。肺移植并发早期缺血/再灌注损伤（IRI）和晚期慢性同种异体肺功能障碍（CLAD）。然而，IRI和CLAD之间的细胞和分子联系尚不清楚。材料和方法：我们整合了来自GSE220797和GSE224210数据集的单细胞RNA-seq结果。经过质量过滤后，我们进行了Louvain聚类和UMAP可视化。我们应用Augur方法通过对IRI和CLAD的转录反应来确定细胞群的优先级。我们还进行了动态轨迹分析来映射伪时间转换。通过差异表达分析和模块评分来表征通路活性。使用CellChat和MEBOCOST分析评估细胞间通信。用pySCENIC分析进行规律推理。结果：总体而言，上皮细胞表现出进行性代谢抑制和铜增生的激活，这是一种由细胞内过量铜积累引发的程序性细胞死亡（PCD）。在肺小气道中发现的俱乐部细胞在IRI和CLAD条件下表现出发育可塑性和预测潜力。在髓系人群中，M1促炎（AM_M1TM）巨噬细胞经历巨噬细胞到肌成纤维细胞的转化（MMT），并产生过多的细胞外基质（ECM），支持细胞周围的蛋白质网络。代谢物和细胞间通讯分析显示，巨噬细胞/上皮代谢串音下降，从正常到IRI到CLAD转变的差异信号通量下降。结论：整合的单细胞图谱描述了多个细胞的相互作用及其连接IRI和CLAD过程的信号通路。这些发现需要通过动物模型和临床样本的研究进一步验证。

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引用次数: 0

Immune mediators as therapeutic targets in GvHD; cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, and co-stimulation /co-inhibition 免疫介质作为GvHD的治疗靶点细胞因子、生长因子、趋化因子和共刺激/共抑制

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Transplant immunology

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2025.102328

Amir Rastegari , Fatemeh Mohebbi

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and emerging allogeneic T cell–based immunotherapies offer curative potential for hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, and selected non-malignant disorders through graft-versus-tumor (GvT) and immune reconstitution effects mediated by donor immune cells. However, their clinical success is constrained by graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and other immune-mediated toxicities resulting from donor–host alloreactivity. Therefore, a central challenge is to develop personalized, safer allogeneic cellular therapies that preserve potent anti-tumor and immune-restorative functions while minimizing tissue injury. This review integrates the current understanding of acute and chronic GvHD immunopathogenesis, covering cytokine and chemokine networks, growth-factor signaling, and co-stimulatory/co-inhibitory pathways, and links these mechanisms to therapeutic strategies for selective immune modulation. Drawing on translational insights, we propose a framework for next-generation allogeneic cell-based therapies that are precision-tuned to donor/recipient biology, advancing individualized anticancer and immune-reconstitution outcomes with improved safety.

同种异体造血干细胞移植（allog - hsct）和新兴的基于同种异体T细胞的免疫疗法通过移植物抗肿瘤（GvT）和供体免疫细胞介导的免疫重建效应，为血液系统恶性肿瘤、实体瘤和某些非恶性疾病提供了治疗潜力。然而，它们的临床成功受到移植物抗宿主病（GvHD）和其他由供体-宿主异体反应性引起的免疫介导毒性的限制。因此，一个核心挑战是开发个性化的、更安全的同种异体细胞疗法，在最大限度地减少组织损伤的同时，保持有效的抗肿瘤和免疫恢复功能。本文综述了目前对急性和慢性GvHD免疫发病机制的理解，包括细胞因子和趋化因子网络、生长因子信号传导和共刺激/共抑制途径，并将这些机制与选择性免疫调节的治疗策略联系起来。利用翻译的见解，我们提出了下一代基于同种异体细胞的治疗框架，该框架精确调整为供体/受体生物学，在提高安全性的同时推进个体化抗癌和免疫重建结果。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence and determinants of frailty–sarcopenia comorbidity in hospitalized patients undergoing liver transplantation for hepatic echinococcosis 因肝包虫病接受肝移植的住院患者虚弱-肌肉减少合并症的患病率和决定因素。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Transplant immunology

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2025.102327

Sujun Wang , Huanhuan Wei , Yiliyaer Aihemaiti , Lijun Ma , Ying Tong , Fang Li

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and influencing factors of comorbid frailty and sarcopenia in hospitalized patients with hepatic echinococcosis undergoing liver transplantation, thereby providing evidence for targeted clinical interventions.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 118 patients who underwent liver transplantation and were hospitalized in the hepatobiliary echinococcosis departments of two tertiary grade A hospitals in Urumqi from March 2023 to July 2025. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Liver Frailty Index (LFI), a sarcopenia screening questionnaire, the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and a general health status scale. Univariate analyses were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), χ² tests, or non-parametric tests, as appropriate. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with preoperative comorbidity of frailty and sarcopenia in liver transplant recipients.

Results

Valid data were obtained from 114 patients. The prevalence of comorbid frailty and sarcopenia in this patient population was 25.44 %. Logistic regression analysis indicated that older age, a higher number of comorbid chronic diseases, lower hemoglobin levels, and reduced social support were independent determinants (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Comorbid frailty and sarcopenia were relatively prevalent among hospitalized patients with hepatic echinococcosis undergoing liver transplantation. Comprehensive preoperative evaluations should be conducted to identify these comorbidities, and targeted intervention strategies should be implemented promptly based on the identified determinants to mitigate disease progression.

目的：探讨肝包虫病住院肝移植患者伴发虚弱和肌肉减少症的患病率及影响因素，为有针对性的临床干预提供依据。方法：采用方便抽样的方法，选取乌鲁木齐市两家三级甲等医院肝胆包虫病科于2023年3月至2025年7月住院的肝移植患者118例。数据收集采用一般信息问卷、肝衰竭指数（LFI）、肌肉减少症筛查问卷、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）和一般健康状况量表。采用方差分析（ANOVA）、χ2检验或适当的非参数检验进行单因素分析。进行Logistic回归分析，以确定肝移植受者术前虚弱和肌肉减少的合并症相关因素。结果：114例患者获得有效资料。该患者群体中合并虚弱和肌肉减少症的患病率为25.44% %。Logistic回归分析显示，年龄较大、慢性病合并症较多、血红蛋白水平较低、社会支持减少是独立决定因素（p ）。结论：肝包虫病住院肝移植患者合并症虚弱和肌肉减少相对普遍。应进行全面的术前评估，以确定这些合并症，并应根据确定的决定因素迅速实施有针对性的干预策略，以减轻疾病进展。

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引用次数: 0

Women recipients are at high risk for biopsy-proven acute rejection in spouse kidney transplantation 女性受者在配偶肾移植中发生活检证实的急性排斥反应的风险很高。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Transplant immunology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2025.102324

Sulin Luo , Meifang Wang , Xingxia Wang , Tianlu Zhang , Luying Guo , Pengpeng Yan , Junhao Lv , Hongfeng Huang , Wenhan Peng , Jianyong Wu , Jingyi Zhou , Jianghua Chen , Rending Wang

Background

Spouse kidney transplantation represents a significant source of kidney donations. However, gender dynamics often result in husbands being recipients and wives being donors. Research on the immunological rejection and prognosis in wife recipients—who may develop immune memory due to pregnancy or sexual contact but lack preformed antibodies before transplantation—remains limited.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed 164 patients who underwent living spousal kidney transplantation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University between July 2007 and December 2021, with follow-up until December 2023.

Results

The study included 33 husband-to-wife transplant cases (Group W) and 131 wife-to-husband cases (Group H). Donors in Group W were older, had higher serum creatinine (SCr) levels, and donated heavier kidneys compared with donors in Group H (p < 0.05). Group W recipients had a significantly higher incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection within two years post-transplant than Group H. The rejection reversal rate in Group W (5/6, 83.3 %) was also higher than in Group H (2/7, 28.6%) during the same period. Postoperative follow-up revealed that Group H had significantly higher SCr levels and relatively lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) than Group W. Additionally, Group H exhibited a slightly higher mortality rate.

Conclusions

Wife recipients experienced a higher incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection but demonstrated lower SCr levels and higher eGFR within two years post-transplant. This outcome may be largely explained by the greater kidney weight of male donors.

背景：配偶肾移植是肾脏捐献的重要来源。然而，性别动态往往导致丈夫是接受者，妻子是捐赠者。由于怀孕或性接触可能产生免疫记忆，但在移植前缺乏预先形成的抗体，对妻子受体的免疫排斥和预后的研究仍然有限。方法：回顾性分析2007年7月至2021年12月在浙江大学第一附属医院行配偶活体肾移植的164例患者，随访至2023年12月。结果：本研究包括33例夫妻间移植（W组）和131例夫妻间移植（H组）。与H组相比，W组的供者年龄较大，血清肌酐（SCr）水平较高，捐献的肾脏较重（p ）。结论：妻子受体在移植后两年内经历了较高的活检证实的急性排斥反应发生率，但SCr水平较低，eGFR较高。这一结果在很大程度上可以解释为男性捐赠者的肾脏重量更大。

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引用次数: 0

Pronase treatment enhances the sensitivity of B cell flow cytometry crossmatch: A single-center data analysis Pronase治疗提高B细胞流式细胞术交叉匹配的敏感性：单中心数据分析。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Transplant immunology

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2025.102325

Yan Li , Dean Sylvaria , Madeleine Billingsley , Indira Guleria

The Flow Cytometry Crossmatch (FCXM) is a vital tool in HLA laboratories for assessing transplantation immunological risk. This study evaluates FCXM results using data from 2018 to 2023, with the aim to assess the efficacy of pronase treatment in FCXM assay by comparing control serum samples in the FCXM assays performed during this time period. Tests followed our standard protocol using the BD FACSLyric™ Flow Cytometry System and BD FACSCalibur™ Flow Cytometry System, employing normal human serum (NHS) as negative control and pooled patient serum samples with strong anti-HLA antibodies as positive control. Pronase and non-pronase tests were performed and compared to rule out any false T cell positive crossmatches that could be attributable to pronase treatment.

Results showed no significant difference in delta values for T cell crossmatches between pronase-treated (MCS 256 ± 112) and non-treated (MCS 247 ± 116) groups (p = 0.253). However, B cell crossmatches had significantly higher delta values with pronase treatment (MCS 353 ± 129) versus non-treatment (MCS 300 ± 117), indicating enhanced sensitivity with pronase (p < 0.000001). Pronase-treated B cell negative controls had lower signal (MCS 245 ± 61) compared to non-treated (MCS 300 ± 73), with positive control values consistent across both groups.

Anti-CD23 analysis demonstrated a reduction in all the tests performed (MCS 372 ± 64 vs 217 ± 50), confirming efficacy of pronase treatment. These findings highlight the importance of pronase in improving FCXM sensitivity for B cells, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of FCXM protocols for better transplantation outcomes.

流式细胞仪交叉配型（FCXM）是HLA实验室评估移植免疫风险的重要工具。本研究使用2018年至2023年的数据评估FCXM结果，目的是通过比较这段时间内FCXM检测中运行的各种血清样本，评估pronase治疗在FCXM检测中的疗效。测试采用我们的标准方案，使用BD FACSCalibur™流式细胞仪系统和BD FACSCalibur™流式细胞仪系统，以正常人血清（NHS）作为阴性对照，合并具有强抗hla抗体的患者血清样本作为阳性对照。进行Pronase和非Pronase测试并进行比较，以排除可能归因于Pronase治疗的任何假T细胞阳性交叉匹配。结果显示，pronase处理组（MCS 256 ± 112）与未处理组（MCS 247 ± 116）T细胞交叉匹配δ值无显著差异（p = 0.253）。然而，pronase处理（MCS 353 ± 129）与未处理（MCS 300 ± 117）相比，B细胞交叉配型的δ值显着更高，表明pronase增强了敏感性(p

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Pre-transplant sensitization and its effect on heart transplant rejection and survival outcomes”[Transplant Immunology 92 (2025) 102264] “移植前致敏及其对心脏移植排斥反应和生存结果的影响”[移植免疫学92(2025)102264]的更正。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Transplant immunology

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2025.102320

Kyung-Hwa Shin , Soo Yong Lee , Min Ho Ju , Hyun-Ji Lee

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Natural killer cell KIR genotype and NKG2C phenotype in correlation to BKV infection following kidney transplantation” [Transpl Immunol. Dec 2025;93;102303] “自然杀伤细胞KIR基因型和NKG2C表型与肾移植后BKV感染相关”的勘误表。2025年12月,93;102303)。

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Transplant immunology

Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2025.102319

Shubo Tan , Xiaobin Lin , Xueqi Li , Jianhua Long , Yuan Luo , Yao Xiao , Jianjun Li

引用次数: 0

Targeting CD38 to reduce anti-HLA antibody levels: A new and effective option to be integrated into desensitization protocols? 靶向CD38降低抗hla抗体水平：一个新的和有效的选择整合到脱敏方案？

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Transplant immunology

Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2025.102323

Viola Chiavetta , Martina Soldarini , Anna Maria Cafro , Paola Bertazzoni , Giuliana Lando , Giulia Di Maggio , Tiziana Sole , Maria Luisa Pioltelli , Irene Cuppari , Alessandro Corso , Adela Sulejmani , Roberto Cairoli , Elisabetta Volpato , Roberto Crocchiolo

Desensitization protocols are employed in patients with antibody-mediated organ rejection or hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplant recipients from ´HLA-mismatched´ donors with donor-specific antibodies (DSA). However, these protocols sometimes have limitations in effectively reducing anti-HLA antibody levels and maintaining this reduction over time. As a result, there is an ongoing search for new, effective therapies to implement current protocols, involving anti-CD20, bortezomib, and plasma exchange. This case report explores the impact of daratumumab, a well-known anti-CD38 antibody used in the treatment of multiple myeloma, on a patient enrolled in a prospective observational study MyTH (“(My)eloma (T)herapy vs. Anti-(H)LA antibodies”). The patient has been treated since 2021 and follow-up data are presented here, showing a correlation between the kinetics of daratumumab administration and the MFI levels of an anti-HLA antibody against DR12 (baseline MFI of 3,890). These data support the role of anti-CD38 in reducing anti-HLA antibody synthesis.

脱敏方案用于抗体介导的器官排斥患者或来自具有供体特异性抗体（DSA）的“hla错配”供体的造血干细胞（HSC）移植受体。然而，这些方案有时在有效降低抗hla抗体水平和长期维持这种降低方面存在局限性。因此，人们正在寻找新的、有效的治疗方法来实施目前的方案，包括抗cd20、硼替佐米和血浆交换。本病例报告探讨了daratumumab（一种众所周知的用于治疗多发性骨髓瘤的抗cd38抗体）对一名参加前瞻性观察性研究MyTH(“（My）eloma （T)治疗vs. Anti-(H)LA抗体”）的患者的影响。该患者自2021年开始治疗，本文提供了随访数据，显示了达拉单抗给药动力学与抗DR12 hla抗体MFI水平之间的相关性（基线MFI为3890）。这些数据支持抗cd38在减少抗hla抗体合成中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Subtype-specific progression of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in children: Implications for age-based surveillance and early intervention strategies 儿童移植后淋巴细胞增生性疾病（PTLD）的亚型特异性进展：基于年龄的监测和早期干预策略的意义

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Transplant immunology

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2025.102321

Sujie Wang , Zhipeng Zong , Li Li , Yu Zeng , Jianchen Fang

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) represents a major cause of mortality in pediatric liver transplant recipients. However, data on clinicopathological risk factors across its subtypes remain limited.

An analysis of 33 pediatric liver transplant recipients revealed significant differences in the time to onset among PTLD subtypes: monomorphic PTLD developed significantly later than non-destructive/polymorphic PTLD, with higher tacrolimus blood concentration at diagnosis in the latter, consistent with the immunosuppressive tapering protocols. Among monomorphic PTLD cases, patients with Burkitt lymphoma (BL-PTLD) had a younger transplant age and higher early tacrolimus blood concentration than those with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL-PTLD), indicating that younger transplant age and more intense immunosuppression may promote Burkitt lymphomagenesis. Notably, among monomorphic PTLD, patients transplanted at <1 year showed a significantly prolonged interval from transplantation to diagnosis than those transplanted at 1–18 years. Universal EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) positivity confirmed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as a key pathogenic factor, while the blood EBV DNA load at diagnosis showed no significant differences across subtypes, suggesting it does not influence PTLD subclassification.

These findings suggest that the time interval from transplantation to PTLD, immunosuppression intensity, and age at liver transplantation play a more determinant role in PTLD subtype progression.

移植后淋巴细胞增生性疾病（PTLD）是儿童肝移植受者死亡的主要原因。然而，关于其亚型的临床病理危险因素的数据仍然有限。一项对33名儿童肝移植受者的分析显示，不同PTLD亚型的发病时间存在显著差异：单纯性PTLD的发病时间明显晚于非破坏性/多形性PTLD，后者在诊断时他克莫司血药浓度较高，与免疫抑制逐渐减少治疗方案一致。在单形性PTLD病例中，伯基特淋巴瘤（BL-PTLD）患者移植年龄较低，早期他克莫司血药浓度高于弥漫性大b细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL-PTLD）患者，提示较年轻的移植年龄和较强的免疫抑制可能促进伯基特淋巴瘤的发生。值得注意的是，在单态PTLD中，移植的患者在

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引用次数: 0

Clinical characteristics, risk factors, and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis in recipients of solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 实体器官或造血干细胞移植受者结核病的临床特征、危险因素和治疗结果

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Transplant immunology

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2025.102322

Fuyan Shu , Ping Yuan , Guohui Zhu , Jiao Li , Xiaoqin Xie , Jian Sheng , Qiuping Sun , Mengyao Xiao , Shenjie Tang , Ming Yang

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most severe complications following organ and tissue transplantation. Early detection and prompt initiation of anti-TB therapy are therefore essential to reduce mortality among transplant recipients.

Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted involving 42 transplant recipients who developed new-onset or recurrent TB following solid organ transplantation (SOT) or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between January 1, 2017, and February 28, 2025. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of TB, as well as risk factors associated with severe TB among SOT and HSCT recipients.

Results

Among the 42 transplant recipients included in this study, the median time from SOT or HSCT to the onset of new or recurrent TB was 24 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.5–180 months). The median time from the symptom onset to TB diagnosis was 26 days (IQR: 1–180 days). The clinical types of TB comprised secondary pulmonary TB (36 cases, 85.71 %), disseminated TB (14 cases, 33.33 %), hematogenous disseminated pulmonary TB (7 cases, 16.67 %), and extrapulmonary TB (19 cases, 45.24 %). Co-infections were detected in 17 TB patients (40.48 %). Severe TB accounted for 28.58 % of all cases. Hypoproteinemia (OR = 0.532, 95 % CI 0.302–0.937; P = 0.029), co-infections (OR = 44.00, 95 % CI 4.712–410.855; P = 0.001), and early post-transplant onset of TB (OR = 0.963, 95 % CI 0.930–0.988; P = 0.036) were identified as independent risk factors for severe TB. The overall treatment success rate for TB was 57.14 %. The 6-month and 12-month overall survival rates were 85.7 % and 78.6 %, respectively.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that TB may occur at any time following SOT or HSCT, and often affects extrapulmonary sites. Severe TB is relatively common and frequently associated with co-infections, which contribute to increased mortality. Clinically, these results underscore the importance of regular TB screening of transplant recipients.

背景：结核病是器官和组织移植后最严重的并发症之一。因此，早期发现和及时开始抗结核治疗对于降低移植受者的死亡率至关重要。方法回顾性队列分析，纳入2017年1月1日至2025年2月28日期间42例实体器官移植（SOT）或造血干细胞移植（HSCT）后新发或复发结核的移植受者。本研究的目的是探讨SOT和HSCT受者中结核病的临床特征和预后，以及与严重结核病相关的危险因素。结果在本研究纳入的42例移植受者中，从SOT或HSCT到新发或复发结核病的中位时间为24个月（四分位数间距[IQR]: 0.5-180个月）。从症状出现到结核诊断的中位时间为26天（IQR: 1-180天）。结核临床分型为继发性肺结核（36例，85.71%）、弥散性肺结核（14例，33.33%）、血行性弥散性肺结核（7例，16.67%）和肺外结核（19例，45.24%）。合并感染17例（40.48%）。重症结核病占所有病例的28.58%。低蛋白血症（OR = 0.532, 95% CI 0.303 - 0.937; P = 0.029）、合并感染（OR = 44.00, 95% CI 4.712-410.855; P = 0.001）和移植后早期结核发病（OR = 0.963, 95% CI 0.930-0.988; P = 0.036）被确定为严重结核的独立危险因素。总治疗成功率为57.14%。6个月和12个月的总生存率分别为85.7%和78.6%。结论我们的研究结果表明，结核可能发生在SOT或HSCT后的任何时间，并且经常影响肺外部位。严重结核病相对常见，并经常伴有合并感染，从而导致死亡率上升。在临床上，这些结果强调了定期对移植受者进行结核病筛查的重要性。

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引用次数: 0