Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.24874/ti.1563.10.23.01
D. Gasni, Devi Chandra, Haznam Putra, Irsyandito Tagif, Muhammad R. Hadi, Vandy Suarnel
Vegetable oils as bio-lubricants have poor oxidation stability due to the unsaturated fatty acids in their composition. The oxidation in bio-lubricants can occur because they are exposed to heat, light, and oxygen. In this research, clove oil was used to reduce oxidation in vegetable oils. The effects of blending clove oil (0, 5, and 10% wt) with virgin coconut oil (VCO), hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO), and palm oil that have been exposed to oxygen for 30 days have been investigated. Viscometer and pin-on-disk tests were used to determine the physical and tribological properties of the bio-lubricants. The results show that the addition of clove oil to these oils could reduce the oxidation process. It was indicated by the reduced percentage increase in the dynamic viscosity of 10% wt clove oil in VCO of around 5.41% for 30 days. Results of wear rate indicated that the effect of adding clove oil to VCO and HCO was better than that of palm oil, where the wear rate of VCO and HCO decreased with an increasing clove oil composition. Meanwhile, their coefficients of friction were only affected at low speeds (500 rpm).
{"title":"Friction and Wear Characteristics of Bio-Lubricants Containing Clove Oil as Antioxidant","authors":"D. Gasni, Devi Chandra, Haznam Putra, Irsyandito Tagif, Muhammad R. Hadi, Vandy Suarnel","doi":"10.24874/ti.1563.10.23.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.1563.10.23.01","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetable oils as bio-lubricants have poor oxidation stability due to the unsaturated fatty acids in their composition. The oxidation in bio-lubricants can occur because they are exposed to heat, light, and oxygen. In this research, clove oil was used to reduce oxidation in vegetable oils. The effects of blending clove oil (0, 5, and 10% wt) with virgin coconut oil (VCO), hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO), and palm oil that have been exposed to oxygen for 30 days have been investigated. Viscometer and pin-on-disk tests were used to determine the physical and tribological properties of the bio-lubricants. The results show that the addition of clove oil to these oils could reduce the oxidation process. It was indicated by the reduced percentage increase in the dynamic viscosity of 10% wt clove oil in VCO of around 5.41% for 30 days. Results of wear rate indicated that the effect of adding clove oil to VCO and HCO was better than that of palm oil, where the wear rate of VCO and HCO decreased with an increasing clove oil composition. Meanwhile, their coefficients of friction were only affected at low speeds (500 rpm).","PeriodicalId":23320,"journal":{"name":"Tribology in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140086094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.24874/ti.1528.08.23.11
Ali İhsan Budur, İsmail Özen, Bülent Öztürk, Hasan Gedikli
This study aims to characterize solid particle erosion behaviors of three different aluminum alloys (AA2024-T351, AA6061-T651, and AA7075-T651) and reveal their erosion performances on leading-edge slat of airplane wings. Solid particle erosion tests were conducted using silicon carbide erodent particles under the conditions of six different impingement angles (20°-90°) and four different impact velocities (70-192 m/s). The erosion simulations of a leading-edge slat of the aforementioned aluminum alloys were numerically simulated at four different rotation angles (0°-15°) for three different impact velocities (130-250 m/s). A commercial ANSYS Fluent software using the Euler-Lagrange equation and an experimental data-based erosion model was used for the erosion simulations. The experimental results showed that the erosion rate increases with increasing impact velocity and the maximum erosion rate is obtained at the impingement angle of 30° which reflects the ductile manner. Of the three aluminum alloys, the AA6061-T651 exhibited the worst erosion behavior followed by the AA2024-T351 sample, whereas the AA7075-T651 had the best erosion resistance. The numerical results indicated that the erosion rate values of slat surfaces made up of three different aluminum alloys showed a slight increase after a slat rotation angle of 5°.
{"title":"Investigation on Solid Particle Erosion Performance of Aluminum Alloy Materials for Leading-Edge Slat","authors":"Ali İhsan Budur, İsmail Özen, Bülent Öztürk, Hasan Gedikli","doi":"10.24874/ti.1528.08.23.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.1528.08.23.11","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to characterize solid particle erosion behaviors of three different aluminum alloys (AA2024-T351, AA6061-T651, and AA7075-T651) and reveal their erosion performances on leading-edge slat of airplane wings. Solid particle erosion tests were conducted using silicon carbide erodent particles under the conditions of six different impingement angles (20°-90°) and four different impact velocities (70-192 m/s). The erosion simulations of a leading-edge slat of the aforementioned aluminum alloys were numerically simulated at four different rotation angles (0°-15°) for three different impact velocities (130-250 m/s). A commercial ANSYS Fluent software using the Euler-Lagrange equation and an experimental data-based erosion model was used for the erosion simulations. The experimental results showed that the erosion rate increases with increasing impact velocity and the maximum erosion rate is obtained at the impingement angle of 30° which reflects the ductile manner. Of the three aluminum alloys, the AA6061-T651 exhibited the worst erosion behavior followed by the AA2024-T351 sample, whereas the AA7075-T651 had the best erosion resistance. The numerical results indicated that the erosion rate values of slat surfaces made up of three different aluminum alloys showed a slight increase after a slat rotation angle of 5°.","PeriodicalId":23320,"journal":{"name":"Tribology in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140084523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.24874/ti.1508.06.23.08
T. Penyashki, Georgi Kostadinov, M. Kandeva, A. Nikolov, Rayna Dimitrova, V. Kamburov, Pancho Danailov, S. Bozhkov
The present work is concerned with studying surface parameters of coatings deposited to titanium alloy Ti6Al4V by electrospark deposition (ESD) with hard alloy depositing electrodes based on WC, TiC and TiCN. The variation of roughness parameters, composition, structure and tribological characteristics of coatings as a function of ESD mode parameters was investigated. The influence of the mode parameters on the main coating roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Rmax, Rpk, Rk, Rs, Rsk, Rku (ISO 21920-2:2021) was analysed, the values of which can be used to determine the load bearing capacity and wear resistance. The results of the tribological tests showed that within the test range, the roughness of the coatings has a controversial influence on their frictional wear performance. As the roughness parameters increase to Ra=3÷3.5 µm, the relative wear resistance of the coated surfaces also increases, reaching values up to 4÷5 µm for the electrodes used and no significant changes in the wear mechanism were observed. However, increasing coating roughness above Ra=3.5 to 5 µm results in a monotonic decrease in relative wear resistance to 2.5÷3 times. Possible ways to reduce the surface roughness and increase the wear resistance of coatings were presented.
{"title":"Study of the Influence of Coating Roughness on the Properties and Wear Resistance of Electrospark Deposited Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy","authors":"T. Penyashki, Georgi Kostadinov, M. Kandeva, A. Nikolov, Rayna Dimitrova, V. Kamburov, Pancho Danailov, S. Bozhkov","doi":"10.24874/ti.1508.06.23.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.1508.06.23.08","url":null,"abstract":"The present work is concerned with studying surface parameters of coatings deposited to titanium alloy Ti6Al4V by electrospark deposition (ESD) with hard alloy depositing electrodes based on WC, TiC and TiCN. The variation of roughness parameters, composition, structure and tribological characteristics of coatings as a function of ESD mode parameters was investigated. The influence of the mode parameters on the main coating roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Rmax, Rpk, Rk, Rs, Rsk, Rku (ISO 21920-2:2021) was analysed, the values of which can be used to determine the load bearing capacity and wear resistance. The results of the tribological tests showed that within the test range, the roughness of the coatings has a controversial influence on their frictional wear performance. As the roughness parameters increase to Ra=3÷3.5 µm, the relative wear resistance of the coated surfaces also increases, reaching values up to 4÷5 µm for the electrodes used and no significant changes in the wear mechanism were observed. However, increasing coating roughness above Ra=3.5 to 5 µm results in a monotonic decrease in relative wear resistance to 2.5÷3 times. Possible ways to reduce the surface roughness and increase the wear resistance of coatings were presented.","PeriodicalId":23320,"journal":{"name":"Tribology in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140089469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.24874/ti.1545.08.23.09
Andrei Stanciu, C. Ilincă, Razvan George Ripeanu
Mechanical seals are used in a wide range of industrial applications, including pumps, compressors etc., in order to avoid leakage of the working fluid. The design construction, and the operation of the mechanical seals continue to evolve to meet the demands of new technologies and industries. These developments are the increase of operating parameters, in the condition of strictly respecting the environment protection. A mechanical seal consists of two rings, one being static and the other one dynamic, which are actioned by one or two fluid pressure, and an elastic force (or magnetic) which keeps the two faces of the rings in permanent contact. A direct contact between the frontal face of the rings will increase the surface temperature and the rings wear, so a small fluid film, as a lubricant and coolant, it is kept between the two face sealings. At modern mechanical seal are used also a secondary fluid. The tightening force in the seal, which it is very important, depends on seal construction, materials used, working fluid type, pressure and temperature, rotational speed, secondary fluid type, pressure, and temperature. Paper aims to present the studies made by the authors on a mechanical seal of the AESSEAL, cartridge seal type CDSA of a 1” in order to obtain the correct sealing pressure between seal rings. Calculation was made analytical, with the respect of regulations of the standards, and by FEA method. Was obtained a CFD model, to simulate the pressure inside the chamber of secondary fluid at different inlet/outlet pressures to determine the real value of it. The obtained results by CFD analyses were integrated in FEM analyses by ANSYS Static Structural to calculate the contact pressure on the rings faces and to calculate the minimum spring force for internal and external sealing cartridges for different working and secondary fluid pressure, also considering the seal construction design, materials, and rotational speed of 3000rpm. The results are very important in operation of the mechanical seal because the graphs presented in the paper give the operators the correct value of the spring tightening in the seal depending on the different ranges of fluids pressures.
{"title":"Design of the Springs Tightening for a Double Cartridge Mechanical Seal","authors":"Andrei Stanciu, C. Ilincă, Razvan George Ripeanu","doi":"10.24874/ti.1545.08.23.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.1545.08.23.09","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical seals are used in a wide range of industrial applications, including pumps, compressors etc., in order to avoid leakage of the working fluid. The design construction, and the operation of the mechanical seals continue to evolve to meet the demands of new technologies and industries. These developments are the increase of operating parameters, in the condition of strictly respecting the environment protection. A mechanical seal consists of two rings, one being static and the other one dynamic, which are actioned by one or two fluid pressure, and an elastic force (or magnetic) which keeps the two faces of the rings in permanent contact. A direct contact between the frontal face of the rings will increase the surface temperature and the rings wear, so a small fluid film, as a lubricant and coolant, it is kept between the two face sealings. At modern mechanical seal are used also a secondary fluid. The tightening force in the seal, which it is very important, depends on seal construction, materials used, working fluid type, pressure and temperature, rotational speed, secondary fluid type, pressure, and temperature. Paper aims to present the studies made by the authors on a mechanical seal of the AESSEAL, cartridge seal type CDSA of a 1” in order to obtain the correct sealing pressure between seal rings. Calculation was made analytical, with the respect of regulations of the standards, and by FEA method. Was obtained a CFD model, to simulate the pressure inside the chamber of secondary fluid at different inlet/outlet pressures to determine the real value of it. The obtained results by CFD analyses were integrated in FEM analyses by ANSYS Static Structural to calculate the contact pressure on the rings faces and to calculate the minimum spring force for internal and external sealing cartridges for different working and secondary fluid pressure, also considering the seal construction design, materials, and rotational speed of 3000rpm. The results are very important in operation of the mechanical seal because the graphs presented in the paper give the operators the correct value of the spring tightening in the seal depending on the different ranges of fluids pressures.","PeriodicalId":23320,"journal":{"name":"Tribology in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.24874/ti.1495.06.23.08
Doğan Acar, Mohammad Hussain Danesh, Ömer Necati Cora
The solid particle erosion (SPE) performance of three different transparent materials, polycarbonate solid sheet, plexiglass (Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and laminated glass was investigated. Erosion tests were performed under different impact angles (20°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) and impinging velocities (75, 150, and 200 m/s). As erodent particles, alumina (Al2O3) with 52 µm average diameter and silicon carbide (SiC), particles with two different dimensions (71, and 348 µm in diameters) were used. The results showed that polycarbonate specimens outperformed the other tested samples regardless of impact velocity and impinging angle conditions. When the erosion resistance of samples at 90° and 75 m/s is taken into consideration, the polycarbonate sheet was found to be at least 14 times more erosion resistant compared to plexiglass, and 23 times more resistant than the laminated glass materials. In addition, polycarbonate exhibited an incubation behavior at lower impact velocity, and with SiC erodent.
{"title":"Effect of Process Parameters on the Solid Particle Erosion Resistance of Transparent Materials","authors":"Doğan Acar, Mohammad Hussain Danesh, Ömer Necati Cora","doi":"10.24874/ti.1495.06.23.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.1495.06.23.08","url":null,"abstract":"The solid particle erosion (SPE) performance of three different transparent materials, polycarbonate solid sheet, plexiglass (Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and laminated glass was investigated. Erosion tests were performed under different impact angles (20°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) and impinging velocities (75, 150, and 200 m/s). As erodent particles, alumina (Al2O3) with 52 µm average diameter and silicon carbide (SiC), particles with two different dimensions (71, and 348 µm in diameters) were used. The results showed that polycarbonate specimens outperformed the other tested samples regardless of impact velocity and impinging angle conditions. When the erosion resistance of samples at 90° and 75 m/s is taken into consideration, the polycarbonate sheet was found to be at least 14 times more erosion resistant compared to plexiglass, and 23 times more resistant than the laminated glass materials. In addition, polycarbonate exhibited an incubation behavior at lower impact velocity, and with SiC erodent.","PeriodicalId":23320,"journal":{"name":"Tribology in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.24874/ti.1441.01.23.04
Basim A. Abass, Saba Y. Ahmed, Zainab H. Kadhim
This work deals with the effect of the cavitation and the elastic deformation on the steady-state thermal performance of plain journal bearing using CFD-FSI technique. As a case study, a bearing lubricated with SAE40W oil dispersed with TiO2 nanoparticles was extensively analyzed. The hydrodynamic pressure, oil film temperature, and the other bearing parameters have been calculated. The nanoparticles volume fractions, journal speeds, and eccentricity ratios have been considered. Krieger Dougherty model was implemented with the Vogel- Barus exponential viscosity to include the effects of the oil temperature and TiO2 nanoparticles volume fraction on the lubricant viscosity. The cavitation effect was implemented using Zwart-Gerber-Belamari model. The optimum journal position, the attitude angle, and the load have been obtained using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm. The mathematical model was successfully verified with the pressure and the total deformation published by Dhande with 4% and 2% deviation between the results respectively. The film temperature of the present work was compared to that obtained numerically by Li et al and experimentally by Ferron and Boncompain with 2% maximum deviation between the results. An enhancement in the load-carrying capacity of the bearing with a little growth in oil film temperature were obtained when using TiO2 nano lubricant.
{"title":"Analysis and Optimization of Nanolubricated Journal Bearing under Thermoelasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication Considering Cavitation Effect","authors":"Basim A. Abass, Saba Y. Ahmed, Zainab H. Kadhim","doi":"10.24874/ti.1441.01.23.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.1441.01.23.04","url":null,"abstract":"This work deals with the effect of the cavitation and the elastic deformation on the steady-state thermal performance of plain journal bearing using CFD-FSI technique. As a case study, a bearing lubricated with SAE40W oil dispersed with TiO2 nanoparticles was extensively analyzed. The hydrodynamic pressure, oil film temperature, and the other bearing parameters have been calculated. The nanoparticles volume fractions, journal speeds, and eccentricity ratios have been considered. Krieger Dougherty model was implemented with the Vogel- Barus exponential viscosity to include the effects of the oil temperature and TiO2 nanoparticles volume fraction on the lubricant viscosity. The cavitation effect was implemented using Zwart-Gerber-Belamari model. The optimum journal position, the attitude angle, and the load have been obtained using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm. The mathematical model was successfully verified with the pressure and the total deformation published by Dhande with 4% and 2% deviation between the results respectively. The film temperature of the present work was compared to that obtained numerically by Li et al and experimentally by Ferron and Boncompain with 2% maximum deviation between the results. An enhancement in the load-carrying capacity of the bearing with a little growth in oil film temperature were obtained when using TiO2 nano lubricant.","PeriodicalId":23320,"journal":{"name":"Tribology in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and Tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanoparticles addition to castor oil produce nano lubricants of novel properties. These nanomaterial additives are dispersed thoroughly in the liquid phase and are intended to boost the base fluid's thermo-physical, rheological, and tribological properties. All these properties have been studied by varying concentrations of nanoparticles from 0.05 to 2.5%. The size of both nanoparticles are in the range of <20nm. The density of nano lubricants was found to change with respect to nanoparticle concentration and temperature. The density increases from 0.06 to 0.6% with respect to the increase in concentration and decreases by 4%, for increasing temperature from 25 to 100 o C. A significant (15 %) increase in thermal conductivity with MoS2 nanoparticles in lubricants could be observed while with WS2 nanoparticles only 8 % enhancement was observed. The rheological study suggests that nano lubricants have better dynamic viscosity and shear stress than neat castor oil. A tribology study showed improved lubrication properties of the nanolubricants as compared with base castor oil. The addition of MoS2 and WS2 nanoparticles in castor oil decreased the friction coefficient by 53 % and 42 %, respectively, and reduced the wear scar diameter by 24% and 20 %, respectively, as compared to base castor oil. This study was done to develop nonedible vegetable oil based nanolubricants exploring their potential as emerging lubricants.
{"title":"Experimental Investigations on Thermophysical, Tribological and Rheological Properties of MoS2 and WS2 Based Nanolubricants with Castor Oil as Base Lubricant","authors":"Jyoti Srivastava, Tandra Nandi, Rakesh Kumar Trivedi","doi":"10.24874/ti.1472.04.23.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.1472.04.23.07","url":null,"abstract":"Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and Tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanoparticles addition to castor oil produce nano lubricants of novel properties. These nanomaterial additives are dispersed thoroughly in the liquid phase and are intended to boost the base fluid's thermo-physical, rheological, and tribological properties. All these properties have been studied by varying concentrations of nanoparticles from 0.05 to 2.5%. The size of both nanoparticles are in the range of <20nm. The density of nano lubricants was found to change with respect to nanoparticle concentration and temperature. The density increases from 0.06 to 0.6% with respect to the increase in concentration and decreases by 4%, for increasing temperature from 25 to 100 o C. A significant (15 %) increase in thermal conductivity with MoS2 nanoparticles in lubricants could be observed while with WS2 nanoparticles only 8 % enhancement was observed. The rheological study suggests that nano lubricants have better dynamic viscosity and shear stress than neat castor oil. A tribology study showed improved lubrication properties of the nanolubricants as compared with base castor oil. The addition of MoS2 and WS2 nanoparticles in castor oil decreased the friction coefficient by 53 % and 42 %, respectively, and reduced the wear scar diameter by 24% and 20 %, respectively, as compared to base castor oil. This study was done to develop nonedible vegetable oil based nanolubricants exploring their potential as emerging lubricants.","PeriodicalId":23320,"journal":{"name":"Tribology in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.24874/ti.1493.06.23.08
Yana Xiao
The invention of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) provides an effective approach to the sustainable power of energy. Liquid-solid interface-based TENGs have been researched in virtue of less friction for harvesting energy from raindrops, rivers, and oceans in the form of water flows. However, TENGs based on droplet tubes have been rarely investigated. In this study, we proposed a new droplet tube-based TENG (DT-TENG) with free-standing and reformative grating electrodes. Both straight and curved DT-TENGs have been designed and fabricated including straight and curved TENG at different inclination angles. The electric properties of DT-TENGs have been evaluated and different materials and hydrophobicity treatments for the tubes have been studied. Initial studies on different liquids demonstrated significant electricity output differences to recognize polar and nonpolar solvents. This DT-TENG was also made into a smart fishing float that can recognize different movement speeds brought about by different weights and generate corresponding electric signals to remind the angler. Furthermore, flexible PVC helix TENG demonstrated similar performance under both straight and helix situations. This study provides a foundation and academic insight into the design and fabrication of droplets based TENGs for energy harvesting in smart cities.
三电纳米发电机（TENGs）的发明为可持续能源提供了一种有效的方法。基于液固界面的 TENG 凭借较小的摩擦力，以水流的形式从雨滴、河流和海洋中获取能量，已得到研究。然而，基于液滴管的 TENG 却鲜有研究。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种基于液滴管的新型 TENG（DT-TENG），它具有独立式和重整式光栅电极。我们设计并制造了直型和弯曲型 DT-TENG ，包括不同倾角的直型和弯曲型 TENG。对 DT-TENG 的电特性进行了评估，并研究了管子的不同材料和疏水性处理方法。对不同液体的初步研究表明，在识别极性和非极性溶剂时，电输出存在显著差异。这种 DT-TENG 还被制成了智能钓鱼浮漂，可以识别不同重量带来的不同运动速度，并产生相应的电信号来提醒钓鱼者。此外，柔性聚氯乙烯螺旋 TENG 在直线和螺旋两种情况下均表现出相似的性能。这项研究为设计和制造基于液滴的智能城市能量收集 TENG 提供了基础和学术见解。
{"title":"Design, Fabrication, and Application Study of Droplet Tube Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators","authors":"Yana Xiao","doi":"10.24874/ti.1493.06.23.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.1493.06.23.08","url":null,"abstract":"The invention of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) provides an effective approach to the sustainable power of energy. Liquid-solid interface-based TENGs have been researched in virtue of less friction for harvesting energy from raindrops, rivers, and oceans in the form of water flows. However, TENGs based on droplet tubes have been rarely investigated. In this study, we proposed a new droplet tube-based TENG (DT-TENG) with free-standing and reformative grating electrodes. Both straight and curved DT-TENGs have been designed and fabricated including straight and curved TENG at different inclination angles. The electric properties of DT-TENGs have been evaluated and different materials and hydrophobicity treatments for the tubes have been studied. Initial studies on different liquids demonstrated significant electricity output differences to recognize polar and nonpolar solvents. This DT-TENG was also made into a smart fishing float that can recognize different movement speeds brought about by different weights and generate corresponding electric signals to remind the angler. Furthermore, flexible PVC helix TENG demonstrated similar performance under both straight and helix situations. This study provides a foundation and academic insight into the design and fabrication of droplets based TENGs for energy harvesting in smart cities.","PeriodicalId":23320,"journal":{"name":"Tribology in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.24874/ti.1581.11.23.12
G. Spriņģis, Irina Boiko, O. Liniņš
Today, when it comes to manufacturing parts and components for various mechanisms, the tendency is to use both approaches – the latest technologies and new material combinations- to achieve a longer product's lifetime. That is why the issue of machine parts' working capacity criteria, one of the most important of which is wear and its prediction, remains vitally important. Having studied the prediction theories of the wear process that have been developed over time, one can state that each has shortcomings that might strongly impair the results, thus making unnecessary theoretical calculations. Also, predicting wear based on lengthy, time-consuming, costly experiments is still prevalent. The article discusses a new wear calculation model, which is based on the application of theories from several branches of science. This model considers the surface texture (3D) parameters' values in modelling the surface's micro-topography with the random field theory while the friction surfaces' destruction – with the fatigue theory. The new wear calculation model is synthesised based on a developed friction surface contact model, providing a more complete surface description, which is essential for wear calculation and gives more accurate results. The proposed new wear calculation formula includes parameters that can be easily determined using modern measurement methods, thus speeding up the product design process and significantly contributing to sustainable development. Experimental studies on the steel-bronze sliding friction pair validated the analytical wear calculations' results.
{"title":"Calculation of Wear of Metallic Surfaces Using Material’s Fatigue Model and 3D Texture Parameters","authors":"G. Spriņģis, Irina Boiko, O. Liniņš","doi":"10.24874/ti.1581.11.23.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.1581.11.23.12","url":null,"abstract":"Today, when it comes to manufacturing parts and components for various mechanisms, the tendency is to use both approaches – the latest technologies and new material combinations- to achieve a longer product's lifetime. That is why the issue of machine parts' working capacity criteria, one of the most important of which is wear and its prediction, remains vitally important. Having studied the prediction theories of the wear process that have been developed over time, one can state that each has shortcomings that might strongly impair the results, thus making unnecessary theoretical calculations. Also, predicting wear based on lengthy, time-consuming, costly experiments is still prevalent. The article discusses a new wear calculation model, which is based on the application of theories from several branches of science. This model considers the surface texture (3D) parameters' values in modelling the surface's micro-topography with the random field theory while the friction surfaces' destruction – with the fatigue theory. The new wear calculation model is synthesised based on a developed friction surface contact model, providing a more complete surface description, which is essential for wear calculation and gives more accurate results. The proposed new wear calculation formula includes parameters that can be easily determined using modern measurement methods, thus speeding up the product design process and significantly contributing to sustainable development. Experimental studies on the steel-bronze sliding friction pair validated the analytical wear calculations' results.","PeriodicalId":23320,"journal":{"name":"Tribology in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.24874/ti.1507.06.23.08
T. Penyashki, Georgi Kostadinov, M. Kandeva, A. Nikolov, Rayna Dimitrova, V. Kamburov
In the present work, the possibilities of improving the surface properties of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V by electrospark deposition (ESD) at negative polarity were investigated. The coatings were deposited with a TiB2-TiAl-based hard-alloy electrode with nano-sized additives of NbC and ZrO2. The effect of polarity in ESD at low pulse energy (0.01-0.07 J) on the surface roughness, thickness, composition and structure of coatings was studied by profilometric, metallographic, XRD, SEM and EDS methods. In both polarities, dense and uniform coatings were obtained with roughness and thickness, which could be varied by changing the ESD modes within the range Ra=1.5÷4.5 µm, d= 6÷20 µm and microhardness from 9 to 12 GPa, respectively. It was found that the negative polarity coatings obtained are denser and uniform with higher thickness, lower roughness, finer structure, and lower coefficient of friction, and can be successfully used to reduce the surface roughness and defects of 3D printed titanium alloy. Abrasion and erosion wear tests showed that the wear resistance of coated titanium surfaces at both polarities was 2.2 to 3.5 times higher than that of the substrate. Coatings deposited in positive polarity demonstrated higher resistance to abrasive wear, while those in negative polarity are more resistant to erosive wear.
{"title":"Surface Characteristics, Properties and Wear Resistance OF TIB2 BASED Hard-Alloy Coatings Obtained by Electrospark Deposition at Negative Polarity on Ti6Al4V Alloy","authors":"T. Penyashki, Georgi Kostadinov, M. Kandeva, A. Nikolov, Rayna Dimitrova, V. Kamburov","doi":"10.24874/ti.1507.06.23.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.1507.06.23.08","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, the possibilities of improving the surface properties of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V by electrospark deposition (ESD) at negative polarity were investigated. The coatings were deposited with a TiB2-TiAl-based hard-alloy electrode with nano-sized additives of NbC and ZrO2. The effect of polarity in ESD at low pulse energy (0.01-0.07 J) on the surface roughness, thickness, composition and structure of coatings was studied by profilometric, metallographic, XRD, SEM and EDS methods. In both polarities, dense and uniform coatings were obtained with roughness and thickness, which could be varied by changing the ESD modes within the range Ra=1.5÷4.5 µm, d= 6÷20 µm and microhardness from 9 to 12 GPa, respectively. It was found that the negative polarity coatings obtained are denser and uniform with higher thickness, lower roughness, finer structure, and lower coefficient of friction, and can be successfully used to reduce the surface roughness and defects of 3D printed titanium alloy. Abrasion and erosion wear tests showed that the wear resistance of coated titanium surfaces at both polarities was 2.2 to 3.5 times higher than that of the substrate. Coatings deposited in positive polarity demonstrated higher resistance to abrasive wear, while those in negative polarity are more resistant to erosive wear.","PeriodicalId":23320,"journal":{"name":"Tribology in Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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