The probabilistic approaches for real-time systems are based on the estimation of the probabilistic-WCET distribution. Such estimation is naturally subject to errors, caused by both systematic and estimation uncertainties. To solve this problem, statistical tests are applied on the resulting distribution to check whether such errors affect or not the output validity. In this paper, we show that the reliability of these tests depends on the statistical power that must be estimated in order to select the proper sample size. This a priori analysis is required to obtain a reliable result of the probabilistic-WCET.
{"title":"Why statistical power matters for probabilistic real-time: work-in-progress","authors":"F. Reghenzani, L. Santinelli, W. Fornaciari","doi":"10.1145/3349568.3351555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349568.3351555","url":null,"abstract":"The probabilistic approaches for real-time systems are based on the estimation of the probabilistic-WCET distribution. Such estimation is naturally subject to errors, caused by both systematic and estimation uncertainties. To solve this problem, statistical tests are applied on the resulting distribution to check whether such errors affect or not the output validity. In this paper, we show that the reliability of these tests depends on the statistical power that must be estimated in order to select the proper sample size. This a priori analysis is required to obtain a reliable result of the probabilistic-WCET.","PeriodicalId":233835,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Software Companion","volume":"67 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125963102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, we propose an integer linear programming (ILP) model to schedule a set of weakly-hard real-time tasks on a heterogeneous multiprocessor system to minimize energy consumption with the predictable performance. The ILP model provides an optimal solution in terms of energy consumption by selecting the appropriate frequency for each task with (m,k) weakly-hard deadline constraint.
{"title":"An ILP framework for energy optimized scheduling for weakly-hard real-time systems: work-in-progress","authors":"Niraj Kumar, Jaishree Mayank, Arijit Mondal","doi":"10.1145/3349568.3351546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349568.3351546","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we propose an integer linear programming (ILP) model to schedule a set of weakly-hard real-time tasks on a heterogeneous multiprocessor system to minimize energy consumption with the predictable performance. The ILP model provides an optimal solution in terms of energy consumption by selecting the appropriate frequency for each task with (m,k) weakly-hard deadline constraint.","PeriodicalId":233835,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Software Companion","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124393152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Winderickx, Pierre Bellier, Patrick Duflot, Dorothée Coppieters, N. Mentens
This paper describes an important first step in the development of a custom wearable health platform that allows the end-to-end secure monitoring of six vital parameters. We explore the impact of wireless network protocols and security schemes on the energy consumption of the wearable device. The results show that the energy efficiency is comparable to existing systems that support far less sensor data and that compromise on end-to-end security.
{"title":"Communication and security trade-offs for wearable medical sensor systems in hospitals: work-in-progress","authors":"J. Winderickx, Pierre Bellier, Patrick Duflot, Dorothée Coppieters, N. Mentens","doi":"10.1145/3349568.3351548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349568.3351548","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an important first step in the development of a custom wearable health platform that allows the end-to-end secure monitoring of six vital parameters. We explore the impact of wireless network protocols and security schemes on the energy consumption of the wearable device. The results show that the energy efficiency is comparable to existing systems that support far less sensor data and that compromise on end-to-end security.","PeriodicalId":233835,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Software Companion","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133062088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Complex systems require runtime monitoring of their operation, and this task can be performed by a separate monitoring process. A hacked monitor however could use the system traces it receives to attack the system or leak the information to competitors. We introduce private runtime verification, in which the monitoring process learns nothing about the traces, and yet is still able to correctly monitor them for satisfaction of temporal specifications.
{"title":"Private runtime verification: work-in-progress","authors":"Houssam Abbas","doi":"10.1145/3349568.3351552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349568.3351552","url":null,"abstract":"Complex systems require runtime monitoring of their operation, and this task can be performed by a separate monitoring process. A hacked monitor however could use the system traces it receives to attack the system or leak the information to competitors. We introduce private runtime verification, in which the monitoring process learns nothing about the traces, and yet is still able to correctly monitor them for satisfaction of temporal specifications.","PeriodicalId":233835,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Software Companion","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122868880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Uelschen, Marco Schaarschmidt, Christian Fuhrmann, C. Westerkamp
This paper introduces a new software design pattern that can be applied to embedded systems. The pattern enables the application to access the peripheral devices under defined power conditions and allows to implement a fine-grained and energy-efficient strategy on using functional units of the microcontroller. The approach considers power consumption properties of the CPU itself as well as properties of external peripheral devices like connected sensors and actuators.
{"title":"PowerMonitor: design pattern for modelling energy-aware embedded systems: work-in-progress","authors":"Michael Uelschen, Marco Schaarschmidt, Christian Fuhrmann, C. Westerkamp","doi":"10.1145/3349568.3351551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349568.3351551","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a new software design pattern that can be applied to embedded systems. The pattern enables the application to access the peripheral devices under defined power conditions and allows to implement a fine-grained and energy-efficient strategy on using functional units of the microcontroller. The approach considers power consumption properties of the CPU itself as well as properties of external peripheral devices like connected sensors and actuators.","PeriodicalId":233835,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Software Companion","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128873802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marten Lohstroh, Martin Schoeberl, M. Jan, Edward Wang, Edward A. Lee
We discuss ongoing work towards a meta-language, execution model, and compiler tool chain that promotes determinism and grants first-class citizenship to the timing aspects of computation.
{"title":"Programs with ironclad timing guarantees: work-in-progress","authors":"Marten Lohstroh, Martin Schoeberl, M. Jan, Edward Wang, Edward A. Lee","doi":"10.1145/3349568.3351553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349568.3351553","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss ongoing work towards a meta-language, execution model, and compiler tool chain that promotes determinism and grants first-class citizenship to the timing aspects of computation.","PeriodicalId":233835,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Software Companion","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117261701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Viren Bajaj, Karim Elmaaroufi, Nathan Fulton, André Platzer
SCUBA diving is an activity in which divers remain underwater for prolonged periods by using a self-contained breathing apparatus. Diving is safety critical because changing depth too rapidly or running out of oxygen before surfacing can result in life-threatening consequences. These risks are currently minimized by using a wrist-mounted, 'air-integrated' dive computer that monitors time, depth and air tank pressure (received through expensive wireless transceivers or a hose). These computers are costly for the average recreational dive. We present a hybrid systems model and safety proof for a SCUBA diving computer that estimates air consumption of the diver using commodity heart rate sensors, instead. We employ a mathematical model of oxygen uptake in response to exercise and thereby predict the time remaining for the air supply to be depleted, as well as obviate the need for a tank-mounted wireless transmitter or the cumbersome hose integrated computer for directly monitoring tank pressure. We formally verify a controller that ensures the diver can always surface without running out of breathable air.
{"title":"Verifiably safe SCUBA diving using commodity sensors: work-in-progress","authors":"Viren Bajaj, Karim Elmaaroufi, Nathan Fulton, André Platzer","doi":"10.1145/3349568.3351554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349568.3351554","url":null,"abstract":"SCUBA diving is an activity in which divers remain underwater for prolonged periods by using a self-contained breathing apparatus. Diving is safety critical because changing depth too rapidly or running out of oxygen before surfacing can result in life-threatening consequences. These risks are currently minimized by using a wrist-mounted, 'air-integrated' dive computer that monitors time, depth and air tank pressure (received through expensive wireless transceivers or a hose). These computers are costly for the average recreational dive. We present a hybrid systems model and safety proof for a SCUBA diving computer that estimates air consumption of the diver using commodity heart rate sensors, instead. We employ a mathematical model of oxygen uptake in response to exercise and thereby predict the time remaining for the air supply to be depleted, as well as obviate the need for a tank-mounted wireless transmitter or the cumbersome hose integrated computer for directly monitoring tank pressure. We formally verify a controller that ensures the diver can always surface without running out of breathable air.","PeriodicalId":233835,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Software Companion","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127033443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukas Sommer, Florian Stock, Leonardo Solis-Vasquez, A. Koch
Due to the ever-increasing computational demand of automotive applications, and in particular autonomous driving capabilities, the automotive industry and its suppliers are starting to adopt parallel and heterogeneous embedded computing platforms. However, C and C++, the currently dominating programming languages in this industry, do not provide sufficient mechanisms to fully exploit such platforms. As a result, vendors have begun to employ true parallel programming models such as OpenMP, CUDA or OpenCL. In this work, we report on a benchmark suite developed specifically to investigate the applicability of established parallel programming models to automotive workloads on heterogeneous platforms.
{"title":"DAPHNE - An automotive benchmark suite for parallel programming models on embedded heterogeneous platforms: work-in-progress","authors":"Lukas Sommer, Florian Stock, Leonardo Solis-Vasquez, A. Koch","doi":"10.1145/3349568.3351547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349568.3351547","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the ever-increasing computational demand of automotive applications, and in particular autonomous driving capabilities, the automotive industry and its suppliers are starting to adopt parallel and heterogeneous embedded computing platforms. However, C and C++, the currently dominating programming languages in this industry, do not provide sufficient mechanisms to fully exploit such platforms. As a result, vendors have begun to employ true parallel programming models such as OpenMP, CUDA or OpenCL. In this work, we report on a benchmark suite developed specifically to investigate the applicability of established parallel programming models to automotive workloads on heterogeneous platforms.","PeriodicalId":233835,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Software Companion","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126603300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most of the todays cyber-physical systems are delay tolerant. These systems can tolerate transient overloads which occur when the computation demand is greater than the available resource supply during a time interval, but recovers from the overload after a finite amount of time. In this paper, we propose a delay bound function, which is derived to check schedulability of workloads of different critical components. We characterize the criticality of a component by defining requirements on safety or performance. A safety requirement enforces a maximum delay that a high-criticality component can tolerate, while a performance requirement specifies the cumulative delay during a time interval for a low-criticality component. Using functions to specify delay requirements facilitates timing analysis for components of different levels of criticality in a cyber-physical system.
{"title":"Delay-bound function for cyber-physical systems: work-in-progress","authors":"Akramul Azim","doi":"10.1145/3349568.3351549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349568.3351549","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the todays cyber-physical systems are delay tolerant. These systems can tolerate transient overloads which occur when the computation demand is greater than the available resource supply during a time interval, but recovers from the overload after a finite amount of time. In this paper, we propose a delay bound function, which is derived to check schedulability of workloads of different critical components. We characterize the criticality of a component by defining requirements on safety or performance. A safety requirement enforces a maximum delay that a high-criticality component can tolerate, while a performance requirement specifies the cumulative delay during a time interval for a low-criticality component. Using functions to specify delay requirements facilitates timing analysis for components of different levels of criticality in a cyber-physical system.","PeriodicalId":233835,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Software Companion","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129113219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Gutierrez-Galan, J. P. Dominguez-Morales, A. Jiménez-Fernandez, Ricardo Tapiador-Morales, A. Rios-Navarro, A. Linares-Barranco
Autonomous robots have become a very popular topic within the artificial intelligence field. These systems are able to perform difficult or risky tasks that could be dangerous when done by humans or trained animals. Vision is commonly considered the most relevant input sensor for autonomous robots and tracking systems. However, auditory information is also important in some specific situations where vision cannot provide any useful information when navigating. In this work, a spike-based model of the medial superior olive of the inner ear has been implemented in reconfigurable hardware for performing sound source localization in real time. Future works will focus on integrating this information with vision in order to achieve a fully bio-inspired autonomous tracking system.
{"title":"A neuromorphic approach of the sound source localization task in real-time embedded systems: work-in-progress","authors":"Daniel Gutierrez-Galan, J. P. Dominguez-Morales, A. Jiménez-Fernandez, Ricardo Tapiador-Morales, A. Rios-Navarro, A. Linares-Barranco","doi":"10.1145/3349568.3351544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349568.3351544","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous robots have become a very popular topic within the artificial intelligence field. These systems are able to perform difficult or risky tasks that could be dangerous when done by humans or trained animals. Vision is commonly considered the most relevant input sensor for autonomous robots and tracking systems. However, auditory information is also important in some specific situations where vision cannot provide any useful information when navigating. In this work, a spike-based model of the medial superior olive of the inner ear has been implemented in reconfigurable hardware for performing sound source localization in real time. Future works will focus on integrating this information with vision in order to achieve a fully bio-inspired autonomous tracking system.","PeriodicalId":233835,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded Software Companion","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122785202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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