{"title":"Effect of sowing date on some agronomic and technological traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Northern Turkey","authors":"N. El Bey, M. Göre, O. Kurt","doi":"10.17557/tjfc.941575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.941575","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23385,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Field Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47572721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was aimed at obtaining information on the effects of G × E interaction on yield among doubled haploid lines (DH) of lowland rice and to obtain stable and high yielding lines. The experiment was conducted in 9 environments (E), namely Indramayu (2018), Subang (2018), Malang I (2018), Malang II (2019), Blitar (2019), Cianjur (2019), Lombok (2019), Bali (2019), and Madiun (2019). A randomized complete block design with 3 replications was used in each location. The genotypes evaluated were fourteen doubled haploid rice lines and two check varieties namely Ciherang and Inpari 18. The results of the combined analysis of variance indicated significant effects of genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype × environment (G × E) interactions on grain yield. G1, G4, G9, G10, G11, G12, G13, and G14 DH lines had higher genotype mean yield than the average. Among those genotypes, the DH line of G9 was classified as high yielding, stable, and widely adapted in all locations based on Francis and Kannenberg, Finlay-Wilkinson, Eberhart-Russell, Kang,
{"title":"GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION AND STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR HIGH YIELDING DOUBLED HAPLOID LINES OF LOWLAND RICE","authors":"B. S. Purwoko, M. R. Akbar","doi":"10.17557/tjfc.1033784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1033784","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at obtaining information on the effects of G × E interaction on yield among doubled haploid lines (DH) of lowland rice and to obtain stable and high yielding lines. The experiment was conducted in 9 environments (E), namely Indramayu (2018), Subang (2018), Malang I (2018), Malang II (2019), Blitar (2019), Cianjur (2019), Lombok (2019), Bali (2019), and Madiun (2019). A randomized complete block design with 3 replications was used in each location. The genotypes evaluated were fourteen doubled haploid rice lines and two check varieties namely Ciherang and Inpari 18. The results of the combined analysis of variance indicated significant effects of genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype × environment (G × E) interactions on grain yield. G1, G4, G9, G10, G11, G12, G13, and G14 DH lines had higher genotype mean yield than the average. Among those genotypes, the DH line of G9 was classified as high yielding, stable, and widely adapted in all locations based on Francis and Kannenberg, Finlay-Wilkinson, Eberhart-Russell, Kang,","PeriodicalId":23385,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Field Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45452643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Çalişkan, Mohammad Samım Hashemi, Mustafa Akkamis, Ramazan İlhan Aytekin, M. Bedir
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different doses of gibberellic acid (GA3) on growth, tuber yield and some tuber quality traits of potato. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates, cultivars Marabel, Alegria and Agria were arranged in the main plots, and GA3 doses (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg GA3 L) in the sub-plots. Gibberellic acid was applied to leaves by spraying on the 50 day after planting (during flowering). The effects of GA3 applications on tuber yield of potato cultivars were varied. GA3 applications resulted in significant decrease on chlorophyll content (SPAD), tuber dry matter and chips quality of potato. But it caused significant increase on number of tubers and tuber yield plant. In 2019 and 2020 years, the highest tuber yield was obtained from Alegria cultivar (62.78 and 50.55 t ha respectively). Total tuber yield values increased from 52.08 t/ha to 65.14 t ha in 2019 and from 42.12 t ha to 53.94 t ha in 2020 with increasing to 100 mg GA3 L from 0 mgL. Overall, increasing doses of GA3 resulted in a reduction in tuber dry matter and starch ratio. The GA3 applications caused deformations in tuber shape, the deformations increased with increasing GA3 doses.
{"title":"EFFECT OF GIBBERELLIC ACID ON GROWTH, TUBER YIELD AND QUALITY IN POTATOES (Solanum tuberosum L.)","authors":"S. Çalişkan, Mohammad Samım Hashemi, Mustafa Akkamis, Ramazan İlhan Aytekin, M. Bedir","doi":"10.17557/tjfc.1033429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1033429","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different doses of gibberellic acid (GA3) on growth, tuber yield and some tuber quality traits of potato. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates, cultivars Marabel, Alegria and Agria were arranged in the main plots, and GA3 doses (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg GA3 L) in the sub-plots. Gibberellic acid was applied to leaves by spraying on the 50 day after planting (during flowering). The effects of GA3 applications on tuber yield of potato cultivars were varied. GA3 applications resulted in significant decrease on chlorophyll content (SPAD), tuber dry matter and chips quality of potato. But it caused significant increase on number of tubers and tuber yield plant. In 2019 and 2020 years, the highest tuber yield was obtained from Alegria cultivar (62.78 and 50.55 t ha respectively). Total tuber yield values increased from 52.08 t/ha to 65.14 t ha in 2019 and from 42.12 t ha to 53.94 t ha in 2020 with increasing to 100 mg GA3 L from 0 mgL. Overall, increasing doses of GA3 resulted in a reduction in tuber dry matter and starch ratio. The GA3 applications caused deformations in tuber shape, the deformations increased with increasing GA3 doses.","PeriodicalId":23385,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Field Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47905168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"YIELD PERFORMANCES OF PELLETED TRUE POTATO (TPS) SEEDS IN OUTDOOR SEEDBED GROWING","authors":"G. ÖZTüRK","doi":"10.17557/tjfc.1023691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1023691","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23385,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Field Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43309064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) ‘HV’ production, under different tillage systems (zero ‘ZT’, reduce ‘RT’ and conventional ‘CT’) and seed ratios (80, 100, 120, 140, 160 kg ha) was evaluated in yield, protein content and profitability for forage and seed. This two-year study was conducted in YozgatTurkey conditions in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 seasons. The experiments were arranged in split-plot, with the tillage systems as main plots and seed ratios as split-plots. Previous crop was wheat in both years. According to the two-year averages, the tillage systems were ordered statistically as follows: CT=RT=ZT for hay yield, ZT = CT > RT for protein content of hay, RT=ZT=CT for seed yield and ZT>RT=CT for protein content of seed. However the effect of year was significant for the treatments and, although not significant, seed ratio exhibited different effects changing depend on forage or seed harvest. Namely, seed yield was relatively more at the low seed ratios (80-100 kg ha) while hay yield was more at the high seed ratios (140-160 kg ha). Yield performances and low costs made ZT and RT economically superior than CT in both productions. Considering the yield and economy, ZT has seen as a more suitable system in HV cultivation with the seed ratio of 100 kg ha for seed and 140 kg ha for forage purposes. All these results have showed that HV cultivated with conservation tillage systems, especially with ZT can be competitive by conventional tillage regarding yield, moreover is much better for economically. Kew words: Conservational tillage, hay yield, Hungarian vetch, profitability, seed yield.
在本研究中，对不同耕作制度（零“ZT”、减少“RT”和常规“CT”）和种子比例（8010120140160 kg ha）下匈牙利豌豆（Vicia pannica Crantz）的“HV”产量、蛋白质含量以及饲料和种子的盈利能力进行了评估。这项为期两年的研究于2014-2015赛季和2015-2016赛季在土耳其约兹加特的条件下进行。试验分块进行，以耕作制度为主，种子配比为分块。前两年的作物都是小麦。根据两年平均值，耕作制度的统计顺序如下：干草产量为CT=RT=ZT，干草蛋白质含量为ZT=CT>RT，种子产量为RT=ZT=CT，种子蛋白质含量为梓潼>RT=CT。然而，年份对处理的影响是显著的，尽管不显著，但种子比例表现出不同的影响，这取决于饲料或种子收获。也就是说，在低种子比例（80-100kg ha）下种子产量相对较高，而在高种子比例（140-160 kg ha）下干草产量较高。产量性能和低成本使ZT和RT在经济上都优于CT。从产量和经济性来看，ZT是一种更适合HV种植的系统，种子比例为100kg ha，饲料比例为140kg ha。这些结果表明，采用保护性耕作制度，特别是ZT栽培的HV在产量上可以与常规耕作相竞争，而且经济效益更好。邱词：保护性耕作，干草产量，匈牙利兽医，盈利能力，种子产量。
{"title":"YIELD, QUALITY AND PROFITABILITY OF HUNGARIAN VETCH (Vicia pannonica Crantz) UNDER DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND SEED RATIOS","authors":"I. Karabulut, U. Başaran","doi":"10.17557/tjfc.1033578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1033578","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) ‘HV’ production, under different tillage systems (zero ‘ZT’, reduce ‘RT’ and conventional ‘CT’) and seed ratios (80, 100, 120, 140, 160 kg ha) was evaluated in yield, protein content and profitability for forage and seed. This two-year study was conducted in YozgatTurkey conditions in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 seasons. The experiments were arranged in split-plot, with the tillage systems as main plots and seed ratios as split-plots. Previous crop was wheat in both years. According to the two-year averages, the tillage systems were ordered statistically as follows: CT=RT=ZT for hay yield, ZT = CT > RT for protein content of hay, RT=ZT=CT for seed yield and ZT>RT=CT for protein content of seed. However the effect of year was significant for the treatments and, although not significant, seed ratio exhibited different effects changing depend on forage or seed harvest. Namely, seed yield was relatively more at the low seed ratios (80-100 kg ha) while hay yield was more at the high seed ratios (140-160 kg ha). Yield performances and low costs made ZT and RT economically superior than CT in both productions. Considering the yield and economy, ZT has seen as a more suitable system in HV cultivation with the seed ratio of 100 kg ha for seed and 140 kg ha for forage purposes. All these results have showed that HV cultivated with conservation tillage systems, especially with ZT can be competitive by conventional tillage regarding yield, moreover is much better for economically. Kew words: Conservational tillage, hay yield, Hungarian vetch, profitability, seed yield.","PeriodicalId":23385,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Field Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43793213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asena AKKOSE BAYTAR, I. Celik, Cafer Doğanlar, A. Frary, S. Doğanlar
Broomrape is one of the most important biotic stresses causing serious yield reductions in sunflower. Control of this parasitic plant is difficult and physical and chemical strategies are usually insufficient. Therefore, introduction of genetic resistance to broomrape in sunflower is a key breeding goal. Breeding efforts on broomrape resistance have been conducted for decades, however, new broomrape races, such as race F, have emerged and rapidly evolved to be more aggressive and devastating. Although a few quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for race F resistance, none of these loci are suitable for marker assisted selection because of their small phenotypic effects. In the present study, three major QTLs for broomrape race F resistance were identified on LG7, LG11 and LG12 using a high density SNP map constructed with the genotyping by sequencing approach in an intraspecific F2 population. The population consisted of 300 individuals derived from a cross between susceptible Helianthus annuus cv. RHA 436 as the recipient parent and resistant H. annuus cv. H08 M1 as the donor parent. Breeder-friendly SNP-based cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers were developed for the QTLs. The QTLs and CAPS markers identified in this study will be valuable molecular genetic tools for sunflower breeding.
{"title":"QTL MAPPING OF BROOMRAPE (OROBANCHE CUMANA WALLR.) RESISTANCE IN SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) USING GBS-SNPS","authors":"Asena AKKOSE BAYTAR, I. Celik, Cafer Doğanlar, A. Frary, S. Doğanlar","doi":"10.17557/tjfc.940409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.940409","url":null,"abstract":"Broomrape is one of the most important biotic stresses causing serious yield reductions in sunflower. Control of this parasitic plant is difficult and physical and chemical strategies are usually insufficient. Therefore, introduction of genetic resistance to broomrape in sunflower is a key breeding goal. Breeding efforts on broomrape resistance have been conducted for decades, however, new broomrape races, such as race F, have emerged and rapidly evolved to be more aggressive and devastating. Although a few quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for race F resistance, none of these loci are suitable for marker assisted selection because of their small phenotypic effects. In the present study, three major QTLs for broomrape race F resistance were identified on LG7, LG11 and LG12 using a high density SNP map constructed with the genotyping by sequencing approach in an intraspecific F2 population. The population consisted of 300 individuals derived from a cross between susceptible Helianthus annuus cv. RHA 436 as the recipient parent and resistant H. annuus cv. H08 M1 as the donor parent. Breeder-friendly SNP-based cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers were developed for the QTLs. The QTLs and CAPS markers identified in this study will be valuable molecular genetic tools for sunflower breeding.","PeriodicalId":23385,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Field Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45945389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant-plant interactions could shift from facilitation to competition or vice versa depending on stress conditions. Many researchers are investigating these interactions among the plant species but knowledge about the effect of these interactions on the establishment and growth is limited. Therefore, the effect of plant-plant interactions on forage yield and quality were investigated in pea-cereal mixtures under Central Anatolia conditions during the 2018 and 2019 years. Forage pea were sown using different densities (80, 100, 120 plants m) and as binary mixtures with 50-75 % reduced seeding ratio of oat, silage maize, and Sudangrass as a mixture. The highest dry matter yield was 7224.7 kg ha and, obtained from 50 % reduced silage maize + 100 plants m forage pea mixture. All mixtures increased dry matter yield but decreased the crude protein content concerning forage pea monoculture. Sudangrass mixtures negatively affect the crude protein content in the mixture and decreased it down to 14.58 % but it was, nevertheless, considerably high. Forage NDF and ADF contents were generally higher in Sudangrass mixtures. Above-and below-ground relative neighbor effects (ARNE and BRNE respectively) were facilitative under stressful climate conditions of 2018 but they shifted into competition in 2019. The cereals used in the mixtures caused a competitive effect on forage pea in terms of BRNE. The results indicated that plant-plant interactions could significantly affect the forage yield, quality, and competition. Forage pea (100 plants m) could be cultivated as a second crop when sown as a binary mixture using 50% reduced silage maize (5000 plants m).
植物与植物的相互作用可能从促进转变为竞争，反之亦然，这取决于压力条件。许多研究人员正在调查植物物种之间的这些相互作用，但关于这些相互作用对建立和生长的影响的知识有限。因此，在2018年和2019年期间，在安纳托利亚中部条件下，研究了植物-植物相互作用对豌豆-谷物混合物饲料产量和质量的影响。使用不同密度（80、100、120株m）和二元混合物播种饲料豌豆，其中燕麦、青贮玉米和苏丹草的播种率降低了50-75%。最高干物质产量为7224.7 kg ha，由50%的青贮玉米+100株m的饲料豌豆混合物获得。所有混合物都提高了饲料豌豆的干物质产量，但降低了粗蛋白质含量。苏丹草混合物对混合物中的粗蛋白质含量产生了负面影响，并将其降至14.58%，但仍然相当高。在苏当草混合物中，饲料NDF和ADF含量通常较高。在2018年的紧张气候条件下，地上和地下相对邻居效应（分别为ARNE和BRNE）是有利的，但它们在2019年转变为竞争。混合物中使用的谷物在BRNE方面对饲料豌豆产生了竞争效应。结果表明，植物与植物的相互作用会显著影响牧草的产量、品质和竞争。当使用50%减少的青贮玉米（5000株m）作为二元混合物播种时，饲料豌豆（100株m）可以作为第二作物种植。
{"title":"PLANT-PLANT INTERACTIONS IN PEA-CEREAL MIXTURES UNDER HEAT STRESS CONDITIONS OF SECOND CROP SEASON","authors":"O. İleri, Şule Erkovan, H. I. Erkovan, A. Koç","doi":"10.17557/tjfc.886003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.886003","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-plant interactions could shift from facilitation to competition or vice versa depending on stress conditions. Many researchers are investigating these interactions among the plant species but knowledge about the effect of these interactions on the establishment and growth is limited. Therefore, the effect of plant-plant interactions on forage yield and quality were investigated in pea-cereal mixtures under Central Anatolia conditions during the 2018 and 2019 years. Forage pea were sown using different densities (80, 100, 120 plants m) and as binary mixtures with 50-75 % reduced seeding ratio of oat, silage maize, and Sudangrass as a mixture. The highest dry matter yield was 7224.7 kg ha and, obtained from 50 % reduced silage maize + 100 plants m forage pea mixture. All mixtures increased dry matter yield but decreased the crude protein content concerning forage pea monoculture. Sudangrass mixtures negatively affect the crude protein content in the mixture and decreased it down to 14.58 % but it was, nevertheless, considerably high. Forage NDF and ADF contents were generally higher in Sudangrass mixtures. Above-and below-ground relative neighbor effects (ARNE and BRNE respectively) were facilitative under stressful climate conditions of 2018 but they shifted into competition in 2019. The cereals used in the mixtures caused a competitive effect on forage pea in terms of BRNE. The results indicated that plant-plant interactions could significantly affect the forage yield, quality, and competition. Forage pea (100 plants m) could be cultivated as a second crop when sown as a binary mixture using 50% reduced silage maize (5000 plants m).","PeriodicalId":23385,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Field Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44058447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"POSSIBILITY OF COMBINING HIGH YIELD AND RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE USING MOLECULAR MARKERS IN 4 ÉLITE SESAME LINES","authors":"A. Anter, S. Ghada","doi":"10.17557/tjfc.954499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.954499","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23385,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Field Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41675077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrating different stability models to investigate high yielding safflower (Charthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes","authors":"H. Koç","doi":"10.17557/TJFC.797419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17557/TJFC.797419","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23385,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Field Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":"102-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48598017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elnaz Latifian, Ç. Otur, Busra Abanoz-Secgin, Şahane Funda Arslanoglu, A. Kurt-Kızıldoğan
Indiscriminate use of antibiotics often results in the development of resistant microbial strains. The unprecedented increase in cases of antimicrobial drug resistance, the discovery of newer agents, particularly from natural plant metabolites, are required for the control of such prevalent and recurring infectious diseases worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts from different parts of Tagetes patula, Tagetes erecta, and Tagetes minuta, which are important medicinal plants. Five grams of airdried flower, leaf, and bud (only for T. patula and T. erecta) samples were extracted three times with methanol: water (4:1) at room temperature in the dark for 24 h. The methanol: water extracts were combined, filtered, and concentrated to dryness using a rotary evaporator at 40 °C. The extracts were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against nine indicator strains [three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterococcus faecalis), three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and three fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Phytophthora erythroseptica)] by Agar well diffusion assay. Broth microdilution method was used to determine minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) of the extracts that showed antimicrobial activity against Grampositive bacteria and P. erythroseptica. The T. patula leaf extracts led to the highest antibacterial activity against B. subtilis ATCC 6633 with an inhibition zone of 17 mm and a MIC value of 256 µg/ml. The bud and flower extracts of T. patula were potent against the same strain at an intermediary level. Also, the T. erecta bud extracts inhibited the growth of E. faecalis ATCC 29212 at a moderate level. In this study, only the T. patula flower extracts showed antifungal activity against P. erythroseptica strain with a MIC value of 426.7 µg/ml. Our findings make an excellent contribution to revealing the antimicrobial activity of T. erecta, T. patula and T. minuta by comparing the methanol-extracted leaf, bud, and flower parts at a single experimental setup.
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