Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.5194/ica-proc-5-6-2023
Joel Martin Geda, L. Zentai, Andrea Pődör
Abstract. In this study the authors investigated the possibilities to use open data and open software complemented with machine learning to enhance the content of municipal databases. In the study area in Székesfehérvár, a GIS system is used with approximately with 30 modules, although many are still missing. The authors prepared examine the easiest and most affordable methods to extract data to use in two future modules: Parking and Traffic Engineering module. In parking model along field survey, they used QGIS and OpenStreetMap, in the other module they used Google StreetView for defining the places of traffic signs and used machine learning to define the signposts. They found that the accuracy of creating the parking module is based on the completeness of the database and the field measurement method, in case of the Traffic Engineering method the up-to-dateness and completeness of the original data source (Google Street View) and the number of teaching samples influence the results.
{"title":"Open Data and machine learning in the service of complementing municipal GIS inventory","authors":"Joel Martin Geda, L. Zentai, Andrea Pődör","doi":"10.5194/ica-proc-5-6-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-5-6-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In this study the authors investigated the possibilities to use open data and open software complemented with machine learning to enhance the content of municipal databases. In the study area in Székesfehérvár, a GIS system is used with approximately with 30 modules, although many are still missing. The authors prepared examine the easiest and most affordable methods to extract data to use in two future modules: Parking and Traffic Engineering module. In parking model along field survey, they used QGIS and OpenStreetMap, in the other module they used Google StreetView for defining the places of traffic signs and used machine learning to define the signposts. They found that the accuracy of creating the parking module is based on the completeness of the database and the field measurement method, in case of the Traffic Engineering method the up-to-dateness and completeness of the original data source (Google Street View) and the number of teaching samples influence the results.\u0000","PeriodicalId":233935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ICA","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116787409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.5194/ica-proc-5-7-2023
L. Jolivet, Daphné Bostancıoğlu, Catherine Dominguès, É. Mermet, Sevil Seten
Abstract. Sensitive mapping corresponds to a process of making maps by consciously integrating personal subjectivity about a space during observation and visualization. The approach is mobilized to express emotions, sentiments and opinions associated to a spatial environment as well as a mean to be attentive to this environment based on the five senses. The objective of the work is to explore the relations between sources of information about a space and resulted maps. Three sensitive mapping experiments implemented during the seminar in sensitive mapping in École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS) are described. Different sources are used: direct observation, audio records and texts. The maps made by the participants were analyzed according to the criteria of the chosen material, the conceptualization of space, the scale and extent, the selection and display of information. Specificities and similarities between maps helped formulating hypotheses about the role of map-makers and the apprehension of space depending on the sources. Direct observation implied that the map-maker is physically in a space. Subjectivity can be seen on the maps through little completeness of the landscape features and display of emotions, sentiments and opinions. Audio records and texts implied that the map-makers did not go into the space. Maps contain relative completeness and details of information from the sources, mainly regarding landscape features. Interpretations by map-makers appeared more in the design than in the information selection. Sources of information can thus be considered complementary and sensitive mapping experiments can combine them to gather knowledge and perceptions about a space.
{"title":"Panel of sensitive mapping experiments with respect to various sources of information","authors":"L. Jolivet, Daphné Bostancıoğlu, Catherine Dominguès, É. Mermet, Sevil Seten","doi":"10.5194/ica-proc-5-7-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-5-7-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Sensitive mapping corresponds to a process of making maps by consciously integrating personal subjectivity about a space during observation and visualization. The approach is mobilized to express emotions, sentiments and opinions associated to a spatial environment as well as a mean to be attentive to this environment based on the five senses. The objective of the work is to explore the relations between sources of information about a space and resulted maps. Three sensitive mapping experiments implemented during the seminar in sensitive mapping in École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS) are described. Different sources are used: direct observation, audio records and texts. The maps made by the participants were analyzed according to the criteria of the chosen material, the conceptualization of space, the scale and extent, the selection and display of information. Specificities and similarities between maps helped formulating hypotheses about the role of map-makers and the apprehension of space depending on the sources. Direct observation implied that the map-maker is physically in a space. Subjectivity can be seen on the maps through little completeness of the landscape features and display of emotions, sentiments and opinions. Audio records and texts implied that the map-makers did not go into the space. Maps contain relative completeness and details of information from the sources, mainly regarding landscape features. Interpretations by map-makers appeared more in the design than in the information selection. Sources of information can thus be considered complementary and sensitive mapping experiments can combine them to gather knowledge and perceptions about a space.\u0000","PeriodicalId":233935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ICA","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122523704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.5194/ica-proc-5-9-2023
Alicja Kulka, A. Bober, M. Lebiecki, Anna Makowska
Abstract. In accordance with the legal regulations in force in Poland in the field of cartography, i.e. the Geodetic and Cartographic Law, one of the tasks of the Chief National Surveyor is to create and provide access to topographic, general geographic, thematic and special maps. Moreover, the topographic maps are developed in close cooperation with the Minister of National Defense. The basis for the development of topographic maps is, in particular, the Topographic Objects Database BDOT10k with the topographic objects’ level of details corresponding to 1:10,000 scale, the National Register of Geographic Names and the Digital Terrain Model.Considering the above, in 2022, the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography, as part of its own work, launched a pilot project aimed at developing tools to automatically generate topographic maps in 1:10,000 and 1:25,000 scale. At a current stage, as part of the II iteration, the maps do not yet constitute full-fledged topographic maps, but we are striving for such a goal. The tools are constantly developed and corrections are made to eliminate errors that still occur. The maps in 1:10,000 and 1:25,000 scales, developed so far under this project in a fully automatic manner, are available free of charge to all interested users on the www.geoportal.gov.pl website.In the article, the results of the developed tools and generated topographic maps 1:25,000 will be presented, as well as the problems faced both in the context of the methodology and the limitations resulting from the software used.
{"title":"Tasks and challenges of the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography in the area of developing topographic maps in 1:25,000 scale","authors":"Alicja Kulka, A. Bober, M. Lebiecki, Anna Makowska","doi":"10.5194/ica-proc-5-9-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-5-9-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In accordance with the legal regulations in force in Poland in the field of cartography, i.e. the Geodetic and Cartographic Law, one of the tasks of the Chief National Surveyor is to create and provide access to topographic, general geographic, thematic and special maps. Moreover, the topographic maps are developed in close cooperation with the Minister of National Defense. The basis for the development of topographic maps is, in particular, the Topographic Objects Database BDOT10k with the topographic objects’ level of details corresponding to 1:10,000 scale, the National Register of Geographic Names and the Digital Terrain Model.Considering the above, in 2022, the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography, as part of its own work, launched a pilot project aimed at developing tools to automatically generate topographic maps in 1:10,000 and 1:25,000 scale. At a current stage, as part of the II iteration, the maps do not yet constitute full-fledged topographic maps, but we are striving for such a goal. The tools are constantly developed and corrections are made to eliminate errors that still occur. The maps in 1:10,000 and 1:25,000 scales, developed so far under this project in a fully automatic manner, are available free of charge to all interested users on the www.geoportal.gov.pl website.In the article, the results of the developed tools and generated topographic maps 1:25,000 will be presented, as well as the problems faced both in the context of the methodology and the limitations resulting from the software used.\u0000","PeriodicalId":233935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ICA","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122129987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.5194/ica-proc-5-11-2023
François Lecordix
Abstract. By following technological developments in 3D printing, IGN experimented in 2015 with an ink jet-based relief printing solution, proposed by the Océ company. The first result was presented at the International Cartographic Conference in Rio de Janeiro in 2015, for the Belle-Ile map. The proposed technology solved several essential needs for relief mapping: high printing resolution, large size, colorimetric respect, ... But it still faced two problems: still high printing costs for the general public (compared to the prices of thermoformed maps produced in multiple copies) and still limited printing heights (less than 2–3 cm). In 2022, IGN proposed an innovative solution to overcome the problem of limiting printing heights, without increasing production costs. The new solution combines the previous ink jet relief printing technology with the Stratoconception® technology existing in the 3D printing domain. The solution is presented in detail in this paper with an example result.
{"title":"Innovative solution for relief printing without limiting heights","authors":"François Lecordix","doi":"10.5194/ica-proc-5-11-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-5-11-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. By following technological developments in 3D printing, IGN experimented in 2015 with an ink jet-based relief printing solution, proposed by the Océ company. The first result was presented at the International Cartographic Conference in Rio de Janeiro in 2015, for the Belle-Ile map. The proposed technology solved several essential needs for relief mapping: high printing resolution, large size, colorimetric respect, ... But it still faced two problems: still high printing costs for the general public (compared to the prices of thermoformed maps produced in multiple copies) and still limited printing heights (less than 2–3 cm). In 2022, IGN proposed an innovative solution to overcome the problem of limiting printing heights, without increasing production costs. The new solution combines the previous ink jet relief printing technology with the Stratoconception® technology existing in the 3D printing domain. The solution is presented in detail in this paper with an example result.\u0000","PeriodicalId":233935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ICA","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130516611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.5194/ica-proc-5-13-2023
D. Loginov
Abstract. The current task of cartographic support for geological exploration and the oil and gas industry is to meet the needs for rapid access to spatial data by specialists. The preparation of specialized data for publication in interactive web maps involves a number of technical issues. Some of them are explored in detail in case of a cartographic support for a cameral processing and interpretation of geological, geophysical and other geoscientific data in Andaman deep water basin. The points highlighted here are in fact a reflection of the role of interactive web maps, regardless of the thematic content, in the development of the Real and Virtual maps concept. The experimental work presented in this article illustrates most of the R/V transformations first developed by H. Moellering in early 1980s. Solving the operations for transformations between real maps, interactive maps, initial (raw) thematic data and cartographic databases will help enrich cartography with new methods of creating and using data, expanding and adapting the communicative conception of cartography to modern realities. An example of the web map developed also shows how the cartographer can simplify the work of professionals in other sectors, their communication with each other through the map language and its web representations. The use of web maps in the poorly studied Andaman deep water basin shows how web maps can contribute to the quality implementation of government programs for increasing exploration and the subsequent development of mineral resources.
{"title":"Real and Virtual maps conception in web mapping: a case of cartographic support for geological exploration in Andaman deep water basin","authors":"D. Loginov","doi":"10.5194/ica-proc-5-13-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-5-13-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The current task of cartographic support for geological exploration and the oil and gas industry is to meet the needs for rapid access to spatial data by specialists. The preparation of specialized data for publication in interactive web maps involves a number of technical issues. Some of them are explored in detail in case of a cartographic support for a cameral processing and interpretation of geological, geophysical and other geoscientific data in Andaman deep water basin. The points highlighted here are in fact a reflection of the role of interactive web maps, regardless of the thematic content, in the development of the Real and Virtual maps concept. The experimental work presented in this article illustrates most of the R/V transformations first developed by H. Moellering in early 1980s. Solving the operations for transformations between real maps, interactive maps, initial (raw) thematic data and cartographic databases will help enrich cartography with new methods of creating and using data, expanding and adapting the communicative conception of cartography to modern realities. An example of the web map developed also shows how the cartographer can simplify the work of professionals in other sectors, their communication with each other through the map language and its web representations. The use of web maps in the poorly studied Andaman deep water basin shows how web maps can contribute to the quality implementation of government programs for increasing exploration and the subsequent development of mineral resources.\u0000","PeriodicalId":233935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ICA","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114861589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.5194/ica-proc-5-3-2023
Donat Büchel, T. Reichenbacher
Abstract. More and more cities try to encourage residents to cycle more. Therefore, governments are developing comprehensive bike maps to facilitate trip planning and increase the popularity of cycling. However, research on the topic of bike maps is rare and the versatility of possible features shown on a bike map makes these visually more complex than others. To understand how base maps and the display of cycling related features affect the visual complexity of bike maps and thus their effectiveness, we used different metrics (GMLMT, Subband Entropy, Edge Density, Feature Congestion, and Distinct Object-Type Counts) on four bike maps with four different visual complexity levels. We ran an eye-tracking experiment with 35 participants solving four different everyday tasks with these four bike maps. The findings suggest that adding more detail to base maps and displaying more cycling related features on a map resulted in a visually more complex bike map. Size, shape, and colour were found to have the biggest influence on the applied metrics. The analysis of eye-tracking data revealed that the display of cycling related features can affect the time needed for successfully completing a task. To deepen the gained understanding, further research should in more detail investigate how base maps influence bike maps efficiency.
{"title":"The visual complexity of bike maps","authors":"Donat Büchel, T. Reichenbacher","doi":"10.5194/ica-proc-5-3-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-5-3-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. More and more cities try to encourage residents to cycle more. Therefore, governments are developing comprehensive bike maps to facilitate trip planning and increase the popularity of cycling. However, research on the topic of bike maps is rare and the versatility of possible features shown on a bike map makes these visually more complex than others. To understand how base maps and the display of cycling related features affect the visual complexity of bike maps and thus their effectiveness, we used different metrics (GMLMT, Subband Entropy, Edge Density, Feature Congestion, and Distinct Object-Type Counts) on four bike maps with four different visual complexity levels. We ran an eye-tracking experiment with 35 participants solving four different everyday tasks with these four bike maps. The findings suggest that adding more detail to base maps and displaying more cycling related features on a map resulted in a visually more complex bike map. Size, shape, and colour were found to have the biggest influence on the applied metrics. The analysis of eye-tracking data revealed that the display of cycling related features can affect the time needed for successfully completing a task. To deepen the gained understanding, further research should in more detail investigate how base maps influence bike maps efficiency.\u0000","PeriodicalId":233935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ICA","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125655453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.5194/ica-proc-5-26-2023
Shenghua Xu, Jiping Liu, Yong Wang, Xianghong Che
Abstract. The disaster information of human casualties and infrastructure damage in underground and sheltered spaces usually demands to be acquired timely during natural disasters such as earthquakes. Therefore, to address the last link problem in the field of disaster relief, the paper investigates the service technology of multi-dimensional disaster information perception and fusion in underground and sheltered space. In this paper, the classification and characteristics of disaster information in underground space are summarized. The key technologies for the extraction and identification of geo-environmental information, the detection methods and sensors used for the data of real-time environmental parameters, and the means of multi-source disaster information fusion under a unified spatio-temporal framework are discussed respectively in the underground space. Finally, a method of dynamic visualization of underground space disaster information is proposed to visualize the underground space scene and environmental parameters. It is achieved the visualization of 2-3D linkage and the simulation of environmental parameters.
{"title":"Research on multi-dimensional disaster information perception and fusion service technology in underground and shelter space","authors":"Shenghua Xu, Jiping Liu, Yong Wang, Xianghong Che","doi":"10.5194/ica-proc-5-26-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-5-26-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The disaster information of human casualties and infrastructure damage in underground and sheltered spaces usually demands to be acquired timely during natural disasters such as earthquakes. Therefore, to address the last link problem in the field of disaster relief, the paper investigates the service technology of multi-dimensional disaster information perception and fusion in underground and sheltered space. In this paper, the classification and characteristics of disaster information in underground space are summarized. The key technologies for the extraction and identification of geo-environmental information, the detection methods and sensors used for the data of real-time environmental parameters, and the means of multi-source disaster information fusion under a unified spatio-temporal framework are discussed respectively in the underground space. Finally, a method of dynamic visualization of underground space disaster information is proposed to visualize the underground space scene and environmental parameters. It is achieved the visualization of 2-3D linkage and the simulation of environmental parameters.\u0000","PeriodicalId":233935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ICA","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127666653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.5194/ica-proc-5-15-2023
Helge Olberding, M. Vetter
Abstract. Game engines and head-mounted displays (HMD) can create interactive virtual reality (VR) cartographies. Many VR geovisualizations try to depict places as close to reality as possible. The scaling is 1:1 for most VR geovisualizations. If VR geovisualizations are too close to reality or complex, users can navigate through them better, but the amount of detail makes it more challenging to target information. With the help of cartographic elements, a more targeted focus can again be acquired. The focus and style of VR cartography depend on the topic. The topics selected were "Floods and heavy rainfall events", "Noise propagation analysis", and "Lighting simulation". These are three topic examples in which 3D city models are used. CityGML models and fictitious 3D objects were used. Different rendering techniques and point signatures were implemented for each of the themes. All three topics were implemented in an application as a serious game. With the help of an interactive interface and motion controllers, users can change and navigate all three themes. Solution-oriented objects can be placed on all three topics as an additional interactive element. These options allow users to learn targeted information through various presentation options and implement solutions.
{"title":"Analysis of Cartographic Symbols as Visual Support in Interactive VR Geovisualizations","authors":"Helge Olberding, M. Vetter","doi":"10.5194/ica-proc-5-15-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-5-15-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Game engines and head-mounted displays (HMD) can create interactive virtual reality (VR) cartographies. Many VR geovisualizations try to depict places as close to reality as possible. The scaling is 1:1 for most VR geovisualizations. If VR geovisualizations are too close to reality or complex, users can navigate through them better, but the amount of detail makes it more challenging to target information. With the help of cartographic elements, a more targeted focus can again be acquired. The focus and style of VR cartography depend on the topic. The topics selected were \"Floods and heavy rainfall events\", \"Noise propagation analysis\", and \"Lighting simulation\". These are three topic examples in which 3D city models are used. CityGML models and fictitious 3D objects were used. Different rendering techniques and point signatures were implemented for each of the themes. All three topics were implemented in an application as a serious game. With the help of an interactive interface and motion controllers, users can change and navigate all three themes. Solution-oriented objects can be placed on all three topics as an additional interactive element. These options allow users to learn targeted information through various presentation options and implement solutions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":233935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ICA","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132259430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.5194/ica-proc-5-14-2023
Tamer Ali Ali Nada, C. Kastrisios, B. Calder, Christie Ence, Craig Greene, Amber Bethell
Abstract. The compilation of Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs) requires significant amount of time, labor-intensive efforts, and cost. Despite the advancements in technology and the various research efforts, generalization tasks are still performed manually or semi-manually with expected human errors. The dramatic increase in the amount of data that is collected by modern acquisition systems, in addition to the increasing timeline expected by the end-users, are constantly driving Hydrographic Offices (HOs) toward the investigation and adoption of more advanced and effective ways for automating the generalization tasks to speed up the process, minimize the cost, and improve productivity. Full automation of the nautical chart compilation process has been unreachable due to the strict nautical cartographic constraints (and particularly those of safety and topology) that pose a challenge for most of the available generalization tools, while it remains questionable whether automation can replace human thought processes. In this paper, we discuss a research effort for an Automated Nautical-chart Generalization (ANG) model in the Esri environment. The ANG model builds upon the nautical chart generalization guidelines and practice and utilizes available tools in the Esri environment to perform the generalization of selected ENC features to the target scale. Safety constraints in the marine domain is of utmost importance, however, since most of the readily available tools do not respect safety, the main goal of this effort has been an output with no topological violations. In the current phase of the project, we evaluate safety of soundings and contour for user fixing and while the validation of bathymetry is a well-researched topic, there was the need for an automated process to identify the sections of the generalized contours that have been displaced toward the shallow water side Therefore, this work also presents a safety validation tool that detects the contours’ safety violations in the output. The tool is composed of three main stages that run individually after the ANG model is complete with the aim to highlight the safety violations for fixing by cartographers.
{"title":"Towards Automated Nautical Chart Compilation and Verification of Output Topology and Safety","authors":"Tamer Ali Ali Nada, C. Kastrisios, B. Calder, Christie Ence, Craig Greene, Amber Bethell","doi":"10.5194/ica-proc-5-14-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-5-14-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The compilation of Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs) requires significant amount of time, labor-intensive efforts, and cost. Despite the advancements in technology and the various research efforts, generalization tasks are still performed manually or semi-manually with expected human errors. The dramatic increase in the amount of data that is collected by modern acquisition systems, in addition to the increasing timeline expected by the end-users, are constantly driving Hydrographic Offices (HOs) toward the investigation and adoption of more advanced and effective ways for automating the generalization tasks to speed up the process, minimize the cost, and improve productivity. Full automation of the nautical chart compilation process has been unreachable due to the strict nautical cartographic constraints (and particularly those of safety and topology) that pose a challenge for most of the available generalization tools, while it remains questionable whether automation can replace human thought processes. In this paper, we discuss a research effort for an Automated Nautical-chart Generalization (ANG) model in the Esri environment. The ANG model builds upon the nautical chart generalization guidelines and practice and utilizes available tools in the Esri environment to perform the generalization of selected ENC features to the target scale. Safety constraints in the marine domain is of utmost importance, however, since most of the readily available tools do not respect safety, the main goal of this effort has been an output with no topological violations. In the current phase of the project, we evaluate safety of soundings and contour for user fixing and while the validation of bathymetry is a well-researched topic, there was the need for an automated process to identify the sections of the generalized contours that have been displaced toward the shallow water side Therefore, this work also presents a safety validation tool that detects the contours’ safety violations in the output. The tool is composed of three main stages that run individually after the ANG model is complete with the aim to highlight the safety violations for fixing by cartographers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":233935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ICA","volume":"263 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132000450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.5194/ica-proc-5-10-2023
R. le Roux, Susan Henrico, J. Bezuidenhout, Ivan Henrico
Abstract. A previous study by the authors illustrated the distribution of naturally occurring radionuclides, i.e., potassium (K40), thorium (Th232), and uranium (U238), in the sediment of the Berg River estuary. The study also described the Delta Underwater Gamma detection System (DUGS) and its usage to measure the concentrations of these natural radionuclides. It also proposed a novel radiometric mapping technique with QGIS and, more importantly, highlighted the geospatial process through Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) to create radiometric maps. The present study used the same data and a similar design but proposed the use of the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method in QGIS to display natural radionuclide concentrations. The radiometric maps created in the previous study using the KDE technique created smooth and visually attractive maps. However, the IDW method is an exact interpolation method that predicts a value at a sampling location that is identical to the observed value. This is a requirement for the analysis of natural radionuclide concentrations in sediments. However, the effectiveness of the interpolation methods was evaluated using SPSS statistics software. First, probability-probability (P-P) plots were produced for each interpolation method. Secondly, descriptive regression statistics, including 'goodness-of-fit', Analysis-of-Variance (ANOVA), coefficients, and residuals were evaluated for both the IDW and KDE interpolation methods. This was done to assess which method was more effective for calculating the radionuclide concentrations (actual vs predicted values) in the Berg River area. The results showed that both methods experienced problems to predict unknown values. However, IDW consistently performed better than KDE across most of the interpolation tests. Natural radionuclides are useful predictors to track sedimentation and the results of this paper can serve as a benchmark for future work in tidal and non-tidal coastal environments.
{"title":"Inverse Distance Weighting as an alternative interpolation method to create radiometric maps of natural radionuclide concentrations using QGIS","authors":"R. le Roux, Susan Henrico, J. Bezuidenhout, Ivan Henrico","doi":"10.5194/ica-proc-5-10-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-5-10-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A previous study by the authors illustrated the distribution of naturally occurring radionuclides, i.e., potassium (K40), thorium (Th232), and uranium (U238), in the sediment of the Berg River estuary. The study also described the Delta Underwater Gamma detection System (DUGS) and its usage to measure the concentrations of these natural radionuclides. It also proposed a novel radiometric mapping technique with QGIS and, more importantly, highlighted the geospatial process through Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) to create radiometric maps. The present study used the same data and a similar design but proposed the use of the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method in QGIS to display natural radionuclide concentrations. The radiometric maps created in the previous study using the KDE technique created smooth and visually attractive maps. However, the IDW method is an exact interpolation method that predicts a value at a sampling location that is identical to the observed value. This is a requirement for the analysis of natural radionuclide concentrations in sediments. However, the effectiveness of the interpolation methods was evaluated using SPSS statistics software. First, probability-probability (P-P) plots were produced for each interpolation method. Secondly, descriptive regression statistics, including 'goodness-of-fit', Analysis-of-Variance (ANOVA), coefficients, and residuals were evaluated for both the IDW and KDE interpolation methods. This was done to assess which method was more effective for calculating the radionuclide concentrations (actual vs predicted values) in the Berg River area. The results showed that both methods experienced problems to predict unknown values. However, IDW consistently performed better than KDE across most of the interpolation tests. Natural radionuclides are useful predictors to track sedimentation and the results of this paper can serve as a benchmark for future work in tidal and non-tidal coastal environments.\u0000","PeriodicalId":233935,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ICA","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123939280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：