Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.37934/progee.23.1.113
Suriya Narhayhanen Rama Naidu, Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan, Mohd Taufik Salleh
Environment quality is essential aspects of life on earth, any changes in the quality have a significant impact on human beings. The implementation unprecedented Movement Control Order (MCO), which halted social, economic, and other activities except essential services contributed to opportunities for the earth to rejuvenate itself and build a better blue sky, peaceful wildlife, controlled noise pollution, and improved environmental features. Although the unprecedented Movement Control Order (MCO) due to COVID-19 pandemic posed some adverse effects on the environment, but there are also some benefits on the environment. One of the significant positive effects by the MCO is that the environment had rejuvenated during this period, especially significant water quality improvement. Many reports worldwide, including Malaysia, had reported that the environment including water quality had shown signification improvement. With controlled activities, MCO recognized contributed to river water quality rejuvenation amidst one of the main essential service sewage treatment plant operating at its fullest capacity. Amidst of various river pollution sources, Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) effluent discharge loading was identified as one of the main water resource polluters, and the MCO phenomenon turn raises the question of whether the STP effluent discharge loading onto river resources is the main culprit to the river pollution. This is a new challenge for water resources management to examine the impact of sewage treatment effluent discharge loading on water resource pollution loading in Malaysia. This study investigates the influence of sewerage treatment plant effluent loading from the Kuala Lumpur sewerage catchment to the Klang River basin within the Kuala Lumpur City Centre. The river’s natural self-carrying loading was investigated to evaluate the influence of sewerage effluent loading on the selected river basin. The STPs within the study area were identified and segregated based on its tributary river basin. The individual STP’s Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Suspended Solid (SS) average effluent discharge loading of the year 2020 analyzed against the study River’s BOD and SS average self-loading of the year 2020. The STP and River loading were analyzed to investigate the fraction of STP effluent discharge loading against River loading in the study river basin during MCO.
{"title":"The impact of sewage treatment plant loading to river basin during Movement Control Order","authors":"Suriya Narhayhanen Rama Naidu, Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan, Mohd Taufik Salleh","doi":"10.37934/progee.23.1.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.23.1.113","url":null,"abstract":"Environment quality is essential aspects of life on earth, any changes in the quality have a significant impact on human beings. The implementation unprecedented Movement Control Order (MCO), which halted social, economic, and other activities except essential services contributed to opportunities for the earth to rejuvenate itself and build a better blue sky, peaceful wildlife, controlled noise pollution, and improved environmental features. Although the unprecedented Movement Control Order (MCO) due to COVID-19 pandemic posed some adverse effects on the environment, but there are also some benefits on the environment. One of the significant positive effects by the MCO is that the environment had rejuvenated during this period, especially significant water quality improvement. Many reports worldwide, including Malaysia, had reported that the environment including water quality had shown signification improvement. With controlled activities, MCO recognized contributed to river water quality rejuvenation amidst one of the main essential service sewage treatment plant operating at its fullest capacity. Amidst of various river pollution sources, Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) effluent discharge loading was identified as one of the main water resource polluters, and the MCO phenomenon turn raises the question of whether the STP effluent discharge loading onto river resources is the main culprit to the river pollution. This is a new challenge for water resources management to examine the impact of sewage treatment effluent discharge loading on water resource pollution loading in Malaysia. This study investigates the influence of sewerage treatment plant effluent loading from the Kuala Lumpur sewerage catchment to the Klang River basin within the Kuala Lumpur City Centre. The river’s natural self-carrying loading was investigated to evaluate the influence of sewerage effluent loading on the selected river basin. The STPs within the study area were identified and segregated based on its tributary river basin. The individual STP’s Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Suspended Solid (SS) average effluent discharge loading of the year 2020 analyzed against the study River’s BOD and SS average self-loading of the year 2020. The STP and River loading were analyzed to investigate the fraction of STP effluent discharge loading against River loading in the study river basin during MCO.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127791488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.37934/progee.23.1.1425
Abdul Razif Abdul Karim, Roslina Mohammad
Sensitivity analysis reveals the relative weights of the assumptions and input parameters used in the model. It differs from uncertainty analysis, which deals with the issue of how uncertain the forecast is. Both sensitivity and uncertainty analyses must map on a model behaves when certain input assumptions and parameters are allowed to fluctuate within the range of possible values. While going down one-dimensional corridors, various uncertainties and sensitivity studies continue investigating the input space, leaving room for the most undiscovered input elements. Numerous highly cited publications fall short of the fundamental criteria to thoroughly investigate the space of the input components, according to a thorough systematic examination of the literature. Despite being discipline-specific, the findings show a concerning absence of good practices and accepted norms. The conclusion listed a few potential causes for this issue and offered suggestions for how the approaches should be applied correctly.
{"title":"Meta-study of sensitivity analysis in solar renewable energy application","authors":"Abdul Razif Abdul Karim, Roslina Mohammad","doi":"10.37934/progee.23.1.1425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.23.1.1425","url":null,"abstract":"Sensitivity analysis reveals the relative weights of the assumptions and input parameters used in the model. It differs from uncertainty analysis, which deals with the issue of how uncertain the forecast is. Both sensitivity and uncertainty analyses must map on a model behaves when certain input assumptions and parameters are allowed to fluctuate within the range of possible values. While going down one-dimensional corridors, various uncertainties and sensitivity studies continue investigating the input space, leaving room for the most undiscovered input elements. Numerous highly cited publications fall short of the fundamental criteria to thoroughly investigate the space of the input components, according to a thorough systematic examination of the literature. Despite being discipline-specific, the findings show a concerning absence of good practices and accepted norms. The conclusion listed a few potential causes for this issue and offered suggestions for how the approaches should be applied correctly.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117216684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.37934/progee.24.1.3545
Hong Yee Kek, Huiyi Tan, Desmond Daniel Chin Vui Sheng, Yi Lee, Nur Dayana Ismail, Muhd Suhaimi Deris, Haslinda Mohamed Kamar, Keng Yinn Wong
A promising ventilation strategy is an effective measure to enhance indoor air quality and protect the patients against healthcare-acquired infection. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model represents a patient ward that was constructed using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software. The simulated results were verified and validated based on the published data. A Renormalization Group (RNG) k-epsilon model based on the Eulerian approach was used to simulate the airflow turbulence, while a discrete phase model (DPM) based on the Lagrangian approach was used to predict the dispersion of airborne particles. This study examined four cases of ventilation strategies, with varying ventilation rates, positioning of supply air diffusers, and location of exhaust grilles. This study revealed that the installation of air curtain jet coupled with a ceiling-mounted air supply diffuser (case 3) above the patient-occupying zone has the highest wiping efficiency against the infectious particles. The utilization of ventilation strategy in case 3 managed to reduce the particle by approximately 3.3 times as compared to the baseline case. The study outcome also suggested that the exhaust grilles should be placed on the upper wall, to ensure a proper mixing of fresh air in the entire patient ward.
{"title":"A CFD assessment on ventilation strategies in mitigating healthcare-associated infection in single patient ward","authors":"Hong Yee Kek, Huiyi Tan, Desmond Daniel Chin Vui Sheng, Yi Lee, Nur Dayana Ismail, Muhd Suhaimi Deris, Haslinda Mohamed Kamar, Keng Yinn Wong","doi":"10.37934/progee.24.1.3545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.24.1.3545","url":null,"abstract":"A promising ventilation strategy is an effective measure to enhance indoor air quality and protect the patients against healthcare-acquired infection. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model represents a patient ward that was constructed using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software. The simulated results were verified and validated based on the published data. A Renormalization Group (RNG) k-epsilon model based on the Eulerian approach was used to simulate the airflow turbulence, while a discrete phase model (DPM) based on the Lagrangian approach was used to predict the dispersion of airborne particles. This study examined four cases of ventilation strategies, with varying ventilation rates, positioning of supply air diffusers, and location of exhaust grilles. This study revealed that the installation of air curtain jet coupled with a ceiling-mounted air supply diffuser (case 3) above the patient-occupying zone has the highest wiping efficiency against the infectious particles. The utilization of ventilation strategy in case 3 managed to reduce the particle by approximately 3.3 times as compared to the baseline case. The study outcome also suggested that the exhaust grilles should be placed on the upper wall, to ensure a proper mixing of fresh air in the entire patient ward.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131341278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.37934/progee.24.1.110
Peck Loo Kiew, Nur Ainaa Mohd Fauzi, Shania Aufaa Firdiani, Man Kee Lam, Lian See Tan, Wei Ming Yeoh
Nanoparticles were first used a century ago, but have recently gained popularity due to their ease of use, eco-friendliness, pollution-free nature, nontoxicity and low cost for wastewater treatment applications. In terms of nanoparticles preparation, green synthesis is a more convenient, economical, quick, and environmentally friendly process than traditional synthesis (i.e. chemical and mechanical) methods. The objective of this study was to synthesise iron oxide nanoparticles from iron (III) chloride using microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) extract for photodegradation of crystal violet (CV) dye. Various characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to examine properties of the nanoparticles including its crystallinity, morphologies and sizes, and functional groups, respectively. The CV photodegradation process was carried out under different process conditions included initial CV concentration (10 mg/L – 25 mg/L), CV solution pH (5.39 – 8.98), and irradiation period (30 – 90 mins) to investigate the optimum operating conditions for the CV removal. The analysis using FESEM demonstrated that the nanoparticles exhibited irregularities and cylindrical shapes, measuring 109 nm in size. Meanwhile, the XRD analysis indicated that the iron oxide nanoparticles possessed a tetragonal crystal structure. The presence of Fe-O stretching vibrations at 486 cm-1 was confirmed by the FTIR spectrum. In terms of CV photodegradation studies, the optimum operating conditions for CV removal using iron oxide nanoparticles were determined to be at initial CV concentration of 10 mg/L, solution pH of 8.98, and an irradiation period of 90 mins, with a percentage removal of 96.21 %.
{"title":"Iron oxide nanoparticles derived from Chlorella vulgaris extract: Characterization and crystal violet photodegradation studies","authors":"Peck Loo Kiew, Nur Ainaa Mohd Fauzi, Shania Aufaa Firdiani, Man Kee Lam, Lian See Tan, Wei Ming Yeoh","doi":"10.37934/progee.24.1.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.24.1.110","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles were first used a century ago, but have recently gained popularity due to their ease of use, eco-friendliness, pollution-free nature, nontoxicity and low cost for wastewater treatment applications. In terms of nanoparticles preparation, green synthesis is a more convenient, economical, quick, and environmentally friendly process than traditional synthesis (i.e. chemical and mechanical) methods. The objective of this study was to synthesise iron oxide nanoparticles from iron (III) chloride using microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) extract for photodegradation of crystal violet (CV) dye. Various characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to examine properties of the nanoparticles including its crystallinity, morphologies and sizes, and functional groups, respectively. The CV photodegradation process was carried out under different process conditions included initial CV concentration (10 mg/L – 25 mg/L), CV solution pH (5.39 – 8.98), and irradiation period (30 – 90 mins) to investigate the optimum operating conditions for the CV removal. The analysis using FESEM demonstrated that the nanoparticles exhibited irregularities and cylindrical shapes, measuring 109 nm in size. Meanwhile, the XRD analysis indicated that the iron oxide nanoparticles possessed a tetragonal crystal structure. The presence of Fe-O stretching vibrations at 486 cm-1 was confirmed by the FTIR spectrum. In terms of CV photodegradation studies, the optimum operating conditions for CV removal using iron oxide nanoparticles were determined to be at initial CV concentration of 10 mg/L, solution pH of 8.98, and an irradiation period of 90 mins, with a percentage removal of 96.21 %.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133991647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.37934/progee.23.1.3949
Nur Liyana Shafie, Roslina Mohammad
Safety in the SIPROD platform design primarily relies on applying various codes of practice or design based on the broad experience and knowledge of professional experts and specialists in the industry. One technique used to study the potential hazards and consequences is the HAZOP study which is defined as the application of formal systematic critical examination to the process and engineering intentions of new or modified SIPROD facilities to assess the hazard potential of individual items of equipment and the consequential effect on the SIPROD facility as a whole. The application is backed up by local SIPROD platform managers, engineers, and operators with direct experience in the relevant plant operation. The HAZOP session describes the SIPROD process and systematically questions each design part by breaking it into pieces or nodes. Each node is assessed using guide words and deviations to discover how these deviations from the original design intent can occur and the resultant hazards and maintenance problems. There may be a deviation in identifying controls that need further investigation. This paper discusses the adequacy of the safeguards concerning safety and operations at the SIPROD platform, evaluates additional safeguards required for the system under study to address and minimize the consequence of deviation, and recommends ways to mitigate the consequences of deviations and return to normal and safe operations.
{"title":"Safeguard and mitigation of hazard and operability during simultaneous production and drilling at oil and gas platform","authors":"Nur Liyana Shafie, Roslina Mohammad","doi":"10.37934/progee.23.1.3949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.23.1.3949","url":null,"abstract":"Safety in the SIPROD platform design primarily relies on applying various codes of practice or design based on the broad experience and knowledge of professional experts and specialists in the industry. One technique used to study the potential hazards and consequences is the HAZOP study which is defined as the application of formal systematic critical examination to the process and engineering intentions of new or modified SIPROD facilities to assess the hazard potential of individual items of equipment and the consequential effect on the SIPROD facility as a whole. The application is backed up by local SIPROD platform managers, engineers, and operators with direct experience in the relevant plant operation. The HAZOP session describes the SIPROD process and systematically questions each design part by breaking it into pieces or nodes. Each node is assessed using guide words and deviations to discover how these deviations from the original design intent can occur and the resultant hazards and maintenance problems. There may be a deviation in identifying controls that need further investigation. This paper discusses the adequacy of the safeguards concerning safety and operations at the SIPROD platform, evaluates additional safeguards required for the system under study to address and minimize the consequence of deviation, and recommends ways to mitigate the consequences of deviations and return to normal and safe operations.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128304573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.37934/progee.24.1.2234
Zamree Amin, Roslina Mohammad
This paper aims to investigate the issues related to safety in confined space at the sewerage treatment plant construction project in the Hulu Langat district and to provide a solution by proposing a substantial approach to mitigating risk during confined space entry due to an ineffective risk assessment and poor compliance by project management. The methods used were site visit observation and survey, followed by an analysis of the selected risk assessment method. The site visit to the sewerage treatment plant project investigated the compliance of confined space risk assessment documents to established requirements such as OSHA 1994, FMA 1967, ICOP 2010, HIRARC Guidelines 2008, Quebec Regulation 2015, ISO 31010, HSE UK, and BCGA UK. The selected risk assessment method was analyzed with Bowtie Risk Assessment by referring to the preventive approach concept or barrier analysis. Next, additional information relevant to risk assessment from journals was included. Evaluation of Bowtie Risk Assessment was conducted through a focus group discussion (FGD), which plays an essential role in developing the Bowtie risk assessment graphical framework. The proposed Bowtie Risk Assessment graphical framework provides a sewerage treatment plant construction project with a holistic technique for preventing confined space accidents. It also provides a safe work system, manages hazards and risks effectively, promotes good leadership practices, improves company reputation, and significantly reduces accident costs. The framework is also helpful as a reference model for other industry players.
{"title":"Bowtie analysis for risk assessment of confined space at sewerage construction project","authors":"Zamree Amin, Roslina Mohammad","doi":"10.37934/progee.24.1.2234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.24.1.2234","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to investigate the issues related to safety in confined space at the sewerage treatment plant construction project in the Hulu Langat district and to provide a solution by proposing a substantial approach to mitigating risk during confined space entry due to an ineffective risk assessment and poor compliance by project management. The methods used were site visit observation and survey, followed by an analysis of the selected risk assessment method. The site visit to the sewerage treatment plant project investigated the compliance of confined space risk assessment documents to established requirements such as OSHA 1994, FMA 1967, ICOP 2010, HIRARC Guidelines 2008, Quebec Regulation 2015, ISO 31010, HSE UK, and BCGA UK. The selected risk assessment method was analyzed with Bowtie Risk Assessment by referring to the preventive approach concept or barrier analysis. Next, additional information relevant to risk assessment from journals was included. Evaluation of Bowtie Risk Assessment was conducted through a focus group discussion (FGD), which plays an essential role in developing the Bowtie risk assessment graphical framework. The proposed Bowtie Risk Assessment graphical framework provides a sewerage treatment plant construction project with a holistic technique for preventing confined space accidents. It also provides a safe work system, manages hazards and risks effectively, promotes good leadership practices, improves company reputation, and significantly reduces accident costs. The framework is also helpful as a reference model for other industry players.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116150989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.37934/progee.22.1.2939
Kwong Cheng Lang, Lian See Tan, Jully Tan, Azmi Mohd Shariff, Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
Monoethanolamine solvent (MEA) is a common solvent used in biogas upgrading plant for carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal. However, it has some downsides such as corrosive, high toxicity, and promotes products degradation. Alternatively, amino acid-based solvents such as potassium lysinate (LysK) have been found to have good absorption performance. It is also claimed to be more environmentally friendly as it is less toxic and has a good biodegradability. However, its actual environmental impact for the application of biogas upgrading has not been quantified in a detailed manner. Therefore, in this study, the environmental impact of LysK solvent is quantified from gate to grave in terms of Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP) and Eutrophication Potential (EP) using life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. The process was simulated using process simulator, SuperPro Designer version 10 to obtain the input-output data. LysK solvent has a low heat of absorption, which could result in lower CO2 emissions during the biogas upgrading process. However, due to its energy-intensive nature, the incineration process significantly contributed to GWP, AP, and EP. There were also emissions of NOx and SO2 from the flue gas of the incinerator. The findings of this research provide some insight on the environmental impact of utilising LysK for biogas upgrading.
单乙醇胺溶剂(MEA)是沼气升级装置中用于去除二氧化碳(CO2)和硫化氢(H2S)的常用溶剂。然而，它有一些缺点，如腐蚀性，高毒性，并促进产品降解。另外，以氨基酸为基础的溶剂，如赖氨酸钾(LysK)已被发现具有良好的吸收性能。据称，它更环保，因为它毒性更小，具有良好的生物降解性。然而，其对沼气改造应用的实际环境影响尚未得到详细的量化。因此，本研究采用生命周期评价(LCA)方法，从全球变暖潜势(GWP)、酸化潜势(AP)和富营养化潜势(EP)三个方面对LysK溶剂的环境影响进行了从头到尾的量化。利用过程模拟器SuperPro Designer version 10对该过程进行了仿真，得到了输入输出数据。LysK溶剂具有较低的吸收热，可以在沼气升级过程中降低CO2排放。然而，由于其能源密集型性质，焚烧过程对全球变暖潜能值、AP和EP的贡献很大。焚化炉的烟气中也有氮氧化物和二氧化硫的排放。本研究的结果为利用LysK进行沼气升级对环境的影响提供了一些见解。
{"title":"Life cycle assessment of potassium lysinate for biogas upgrading","authors":"Kwong Cheng Lang, Lian See Tan, Jully Tan, Azmi Mohd Shariff, Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim","doi":"10.37934/progee.22.1.2939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.22.1.2939","url":null,"abstract":"Monoethanolamine solvent (MEA) is a common solvent used in biogas upgrading plant for carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal. However, it has some downsides such as corrosive, high toxicity, and promotes products degradation. Alternatively, amino acid-based solvents such as potassium lysinate (LysK) have been found to have good absorption performance. It is also claimed to be more environmentally friendly as it is less toxic and has a good biodegradability. However, its actual environmental impact for the application of biogas upgrading has not been quantified in a detailed manner. Therefore, in this study, the environmental impact of LysK solvent is quantified from gate to grave in terms of Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP) and Eutrophication Potential (EP) using life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. The process was simulated using process simulator, SuperPro Designer version 10 to obtain the input-output data. LysK solvent has a low heat of absorption, which could result in lower CO2 emissions during the biogas upgrading process. However, due to its energy-intensive nature, the incineration process significantly contributed to GWP, AP, and EP. There were also emissions of NOx and SO2 from the flue gas of the incinerator. The findings of this research provide some insight on the environmental impact of utilising LysK for biogas upgrading.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130015935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.37934/progee.22.1.1328
Kingsly Tian Chee Cheah, Jing Yao Sum
Zinc oxide is one of the most common photocatalysts utilized for the photocatalytic degradation of synthetic dyes aside from titanium dioxide. However, the application of ZnO in the treatment of wastewater containing synthetic dyes is limited due to the high energy band gap which allows ZnO to be efficient upon irradiation with ultraviolet radiation only. This study aims to evaluate the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the zinc oxide photocatalyst and its derivatives, specifically 0.25, 0.5, 2.5 and 5 mol% Fe(II)-doped ZnO, 0.25, 0.5, 2.5 and 5 mol% Fe(III)-doped ZnO and 2.5 mol% Fe(II)-Fe(III)-doped ZnO. The performance of the photocatalysts was evaluated based on the effect of solution pH, effect of photocatalyst loading and nature of dye. The synthesis of photocatalysts were done using sol-gel synthesis method, and photodegradation tests were carried out under visible light exposure for 60 minutes. The photocatalysts were characterized with SEM, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The optical characterization results show that 2.5 mol% Fe(II)-Fe(III)-doped ZnO has the lowest band gap energy of 3.401 eV which was estimated using Tauc’s plot. This further validated the degradation performance of the 2.5 mol% Fe(II)-Fe(III)-doped ZnO photocatalyst where it displayed the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiencies at all pH and photocatalyst loading. The highest degradation achieved using methylene blue was 94.21% and 32.97% using congo red as model solute at optimum pH and 300 mg/L photocatalyst loading. In overall, the present study has proven that Fe-doped photocatalysts have the potential for the degradation of various synthetic dyes upon irradiation with visible light.
{"title":"Synthesis and evaluation of Fe-doped zinc oxide photocatalyst for methylene blue and congo red removal","authors":"Kingsly Tian Chee Cheah, Jing Yao Sum","doi":"10.37934/progee.22.1.1328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.22.1.1328","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc oxide is one of the most common photocatalysts utilized for the photocatalytic degradation of synthetic dyes aside from titanium dioxide. However, the application of ZnO in the treatment of wastewater containing synthetic dyes is limited due to the high energy band gap which allows ZnO to be efficient upon irradiation with ultraviolet radiation only. This study aims to evaluate the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the zinc oxide photocatalyst and its derivatives, specifically 0.25, 0.5, 2.5 and 5 mol% Fe(II)-doped ZnO, 0.25, 0.5, 2.5 and 5 mol% Fe(III)-doped ZnO and 2.5 mol% Fe(II)-Fe(III)-doped ZnO. The performance of the photocatalysts was evaluated based on the effect of solution pH, effect of photocatalyst loading and nature of dye. The synthesis of photocatalysts were done using sol-gel synthesis method, and photodegradation tests were carried out under visible light exposure for 60 minutes. The photocatalysts were characterized with SEM, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The optical characterization results show that 2.5 mol% Fe(II)-Fe(III)-doped ZnO has the lowest band gap energy of 3.401 eV which was estimated using Tauc’s plot. This further validated the degradation performance of the 2.5 mol% Fe(II)-Fe(III)-doped ZnO photocatalyst where it displayed the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiencies at all pH and photocatalyst loading. The highest degradation achieved using methylene blue was 94.21% and 32.97% using congo red as model solute at optimum pH and 300 mg/L photocatalyst loading. In overall, the present study has proven that Fe-doped photocatalysts have the potential for the degradation of various synthetic dyes upon irradiation with visible light.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124699136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.37934/progee.22.1.112
Soon Zheng Fai, Choon Yoong Cheok
Consumable plant oils had been related with highly nutritional content and antioxidant source that provide crucial health benefits. Hence, in this study a series of experimental work and analysis were conducted to evaluate the practicability and the properties of oil extraction from seeds of calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa), roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), and jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). The yield, antioxidant activities, iodine value, saponification value, and peroxide value of extracted seed oils were studied. Results obtained shown that among the three seeds species, calamansi seeds resulted in the highest yield of 32.7%, followed by roselle seeds with a yield of 11.00% and lastly, jackfruit seeds with the highest yield obtained was only 0.60%. Antioxidant activities conducted has shown that roselle with EC50 of 49.04 mg/mL has greater antioxidant properties as compared with calamansi with EC50 of 109.74 mg/mL. Iodine value determined for unheated oil has resulted in a value of 100.83 g I2/100g oil and 110.60 g I2/100g oil that has classified roselle and calamansi seeds oil under the non-drying oil categories and heating effect shown a slight decrease in the iodine value due to loss of unsaturation within the oil. Both calamansi and roselle seed oils did not show significance reduction in saponification value upon heating. Peroxide value for roselle and calamansi seeds oil under unheated condition was determined to be 10.36 meq/kg and 24.86 meq/kg respectively.
食用植物油具有高营养含量和抗氧化来源，对健康有益。为此，本研究对菖蒲(Citrofortunella microcarpa)、芙蓉(Hibiscus sabdariffa)和菠萝蜜(Artocarpus heterophyllus)种子进行了一系列的实验研究和分析，以评价其油脂提取的可行性和性能。研究了提取的种子油的产率、抗氧化活性、碘值、皂化值和过氧化值。结果表明，在3种种子中，菖蒲种子的产量最高，达32.7%，其次是玫瑰茄种子，产量为11.00%，菠萝蜜种子的产量最高，仅为0.60%。抗氧化活性研究表明，与EC50为109.74 mg/mL的菖蒲相比，EC50为49.04 mg/mL的玫瑰茄具有更强的抗氧化性能。对未加热油测定的碘值为100.83 g /100g油和110.60 g /100g油，将玫瑰花籽油和菖蒲籽油归为非干性油类，加热效果显示，由于油中不饱和的损失，碘值略有下降。加热后，菖蒲籽油和玫瑰茄籽油的皂化值均无显著降低。在不加热条件下，玫瑰和菖蒲籽油的过氧化值分别为10.36 meq/kg和24.86 meq/kg。
{"title":"Physical and chemical characterization of oil extracted from Citrofortunella microcarpa, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Artocarpus heterophyllus seeds","authors":"Soon Zheng Fai, Choon Yoong Cheok","doi":"10.37934/progee.22.1.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.22.1.112","url":null,"abstract":"Consumable plant oils had been related with highly nutritional content and antioxidant source that provide crucial health benefits. Hence, in this study a series of experimental work and analysis were conducted to evaluate the practicability and the properties of oil extraction from seeds of calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa), roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), and jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). The yield, antioxidant activities, iodine value, saponification value, and peroxide value of extracted seed oils were studied. Results obtained shown that among the three seeds species, calamansi seeds resulted in the highest yield of 32.7%, followed by roselle seeds with a yield of 11.00% and lastly, jackfruit seeds with the highest yield obtained was only 0.60%. Antioxidant activities conducted has shown that roselle with EC50 of 49.04 mg/mL has greater antioxidant properties as compared with calamansi with EC50 of 109.74 mg/mL. Iodine value determined for unheated oil has resulted in a value of 100.83 g I2/100g oil and 110.60 g I2/100g oil that has classified roselle and calamansi seeds oil under the non-drying oil categories and heating effect shown a slight decrease in the iodine value due to loss of unsaturation within the oil. Both calamansi and roselle seed oils did not show significance reduction in saponification value upon heating. Peroxide value for roselle and calamansi seeds oil under unheated condition was determined to be 10.36 meq/kg and 24.86 meq/kg respectively.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130078174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.37934/progee.21.1.818
Zul Ilham, Nur Aida Izzaty Saad, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar, Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin
Switching to renewable energy resources as an alternative is critical for developing countries in order to ensure energy security and diversify their energy supply. Malaysia is endowed with biomass, solar, waste-to-energy, wind, and hydro energy potentials, although these have not been fully explored. This is because the country continues to rely extensively on conventional fossil-fuel energy sources such as coal and petroleum to generate power and consume energy. On the other hand, demand for energy is increasing as a result of population growth and a booming economy. Thus, this study intends to identify suitable potential renewable energy resources that can benefit Malaysia by analysing the outcomes of Focus Group Discussions (FGD) using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as an analytical technique. Five renewable energy resources were evaluated: biomass, solar, waste to energy, wind, and hydro energy while five criteria were identified: carbon production, operational costs, location characteristics, energy, and availability of renewable energy resources. The outcome suggested a strategic focus on solar energy for Malaysia due to consideration in carbon production. This information will assist decision-makers in strategizing the most suitable renewable energy resources for Malaysia.
{"title":"Multi-criteria decision analysis for evaluation of potential renewable energy resources in Malaysia","authors":"Zul Ilham, Nur Aida Izzaty Saad, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar, Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin","doi":"10.37934/progee.21.1.818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.21.1.818","url":null,"abstract":"Switching to renewable energy resources as an alternative is critical for developing countries in order to ensure energy security and diversify their energy supply. Malaysia is endowed with biomass, solar, waste-to-energy, wind, and hydro energy potentials, although these have not been fully explored. This is because the country continues to rely extensively on conventional fossil-fuel energy sources such as coal and petroleum to generate power and consume energy. On the other hand, demand for energy is increasing as a result of population growth and a booming economy. Thus, this study intends to identify suitable potential renewable energy resources that can benefit Malaysia by analysing the outcomes of Focus Group Discussions (FGD) using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as an analytical technique. Five renewable energy resources were evaluated: biomass, solar, waste to energy, wind, and hydro energy while five criteria were identified: carbon production, operational costs, location characteristics, energy, and availability of renewable energy resources. The outcome suggested a strategic focus on solar energy for Malaysia due to consideration in carbon production. This information will assist decision-makers in strategizing the most suitable renewable energy resources for Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127813344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：