Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.37934/progee.21.1.1928
Siang Aun Cheah, Choi Yan Chai, Inn Shi Tan, Henry Chee Yew Foo, Man Kee Lam
Heavily dependent on fossil fuels has resulted in severe environmental impacts such as exhaustion of natural resources, contamination of the environment, and excessive greenhouse emission. Therefore, intensive research works to explore alternative and sustainable energy sources has been escalated in recent years. In this regard, algae have been exploited as the third-generation of biomass to produce biofuels and biochemicals. Nevertheless, research to produce lactic acid from algae is still limited in the literature. Hence, this review is aimed to provide an extensive mechanism of deriving lactic acid from algae biomass, started with the discussion of the types of algae, the involvement of other microorganisms, fermentation technology, as well as the bottleneck of the technology. The evolution of different biomass feedstocks for lactic acid production is addressed in the initial section of this paper, followed by a discussion on the perspective of novel cascading algae biorefinery systems to truly reveal the potential of algae-based lactic acid production in a sustainable manner.
{"title":"Review - New prospect of algae for sustainable production of lactic acid: Opportunities and challenges","authors":"Siang Aun Cheah, Choi Yan Chai, Inn Shi Tan, Henry Chee Yew Foo, Man Kee Lam","doi":"10.37934/progee.21.1.1928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.21.1.1928","url":null,"abstract":"Heavily dependent on fossil fuels has resulted in severe environmental impacts such as exhaustion of natural resources, contamination of the environment, and excessive greenhouse emission. Therefore, intensive research works to explore alternative and sustainable energy sources has been escalated in recent years. In this regard, algae have been exploited as the third-generation of biomass to produce biofuels and biochemicals. Nevertheless, research to produce lactic acid from algae is still limited in the literature. Hence, this review is aimed to provide an extensive mechanism of deriving lactic acid from algae biomass, started with the discussion of the types of algae, the involvement of other microorganisms, fermentation technology, as well as the bottleneck of the technology. The evolution of different biomass feedstocks for lactic acid production is addressed in the initial section of this paper, followed by a discussion on the perspective of novel cascading algae biorefinery systems to truly reveal the potential of algae-based lactic acid production in a sustainable manner.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127744579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Fatimah Adnan, Kee Quen Lee, Hooi Siang Kang, Keng Yinn Wong, Hui Yi Tan
The utilization of natural resources as renewable energy is thriving as its innovation brings clean energy, environmentally friendly and also cut down costs. Hence, the purpose of this study is to propose a technique to enhance the output voltage of piezoelectric as an energy harvesting device by applying nonlinear magnetic forces from a phenomenon called vortex induced vibration (VIV). This harvester device is designed with a presence of two magnets that placed at the bottom of a circular cylinder and on the lower base. The mechanical conversion energy that is studied is the vibration from circular cylinder’s oscillation through a phenomenon called Vortex Induced Vibration by using piezoelectric transducer. A VIV-based energy harvester has been fabricated and carried out in water flow to observe the optimum output voltage that can be generated. Three different lengths of piezoelectric cantilever plates and two magnet distances are tested to investigate the influence of system’s stiffness and the repulsive force to the harvested energy. From the experiment, it is observed that a lower stiffness of the system provides higher harvested voltage. In addition, the presence of magnets shows a greater output voltage due to the action of nonlinear magnetic forces where the position between two magnets able to shift the synchronization region thus, showing a greatly wider synchronization region and increasing the performance of VIV-based energy harvesting system.
{"title":"Preliminary investigation on the energy harvesting of vortex-induced vibration with the use of magnet","authors":"Nur Fatimah Adnan, Kee Quen Lee, Hooi Siang Kang, Keng Yinn Wong, Hui Yi Tan","doi":"10.37934/progee.21.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.21.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of natural resources as renewable energy is thriving as its innovation brings clean energy, environmentally friendly and also cut down costs. Hence, the purpose of this study is to propose a technique to enhance the output voltage of piezoelectric as an energy harvesting device by applying nonlinear magnetic forces from a phenomenon called vortex induced vibration (VIV). This harvester device is designed with a presence of two magnets that placed at the bottom of a circular cylinder and on the lower base. The mechanical conversion energy that is studied is the vibration from circular cylinder’s oscillation through a phenomenon called Vortex Induced Vibration by using piezoelectric transducer. A VIV-based energy harvester has been fabricated and carried out in water flow to observe the optimum output voltage that can be generated. Three different lengths of piezoelectric cantilever plates and two magnet distances are tested to investigate the influence of system’s stiffness and the repulsive force to the harvested energy. From the experiment, it is observed that a lower stiffness of the system provides higher harvested voltage. In addition, the presence of magnets shows a greater output voltage due to the action of nonlinear magnetic forces where the position between two magnets able to shift the synchronization region thus, showing a greatly wider synchronization region and increasing the performance of VIV-based energy harvesting system.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129113367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.37934/progee.20.1.115
Jiunn Boon Yong, Lian See Tan, Jully Tan
Activated carbon is an effective adsorbent due to its high porosity, large surface area and high surface reactivity. Activated carbon is commonly produced from coal which is a non-renewable resource. Therefore, alternative source such as biomass-based activated carbon is being explored nowadays. However, the environmental impact of biomass-based activated carbon produced is still not clearly quantified. Thus, in this study, the impact of production of biomass-based activated carbon was compared with base case of coal-based activated carbon. The environmental impact of both biomass and coal-based activated carbon in terms of global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP) and eutrophication potential (EP) from cradle to gate was evaluated using life cycle assessment (LCA) based on method outlined in ISO 14040. The input and output data of biomass-based and coal activated carbon were obtained from the literature. The results show that biomass-based activated carbon is a better option of source for activated carbon compared to coal activated carbon. The outcome of this study provides a better understanding on the environmental impact of production of biomass-based activated carbon. The outcome can also verify the sustainability of the renewable sources used for the production of activated carbon. In long term perspective, it can be used to support the replacement of coal-based activated carbon.
{"title":"Comparative life cycle assessment of biomass-based and coal-based activated carbon production","authors":"Jiunn Boon Yong, Lian See Tan, Jully Tan","doi":"10.37934/progee.20.1.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.20.1.115","url":null,"abstract":"Activated carbon is an effective adsorbent due to its high porosity, large surface area and high surface reactivity. Activated carbon is commonly produced from coal which is a non-renewable resource. Therefore, alternative source such as biomass-based activated carbon is being explored nowadays. However, the environmental impact of biomass-based activated carbon produced is still not clearly quantified. Thus, in this study, the impact of production of biomass-based activated carbon was compared with base case of coal-based activated carbon. The environmental impact of both biomass and coal-based activated carbon in terms of global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP) and eutrophication potential (EP) from cradle to gate was evaluated using life cycle assessment (LCA) based on method outlined in ISO 14040. The input and output data of biomass-based and coal activated carbon were obtained from the literature. The results show that biomass-based activated carbon is a better option of source for activated carbon compared to coal activated carbon. The outcome of this study provides a better understanding on the environmental impact of production of biomass-based activated carbon. The outcome can also verify the sustainability of the renewable sources used for the production of activated carbon. In long term perspective, it can be used to support the replacement of coal-based activated carbon.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121758896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.37934/progee.20.1.1623
Shu Qing Liew, Yit Kwan Lee, Wang Fei, Kiat Moon Lee, Hung Yang Leong, Swee Pin Yeap
The application of polyaniline (PANI) in flexible electronic devices has received increased attention due to its environmental stability, electrical conducting properties, and ease of production. While the electrical conductivity of a PANI film can be altered by modifying the number of PANI layers, this study aims to compare two techniques, namely ex-situ and in-situ, for the fabrication of PANI multilayer film. For the ex-situ technique, PANI was formed separately before being drop-casted on a filter paper; on the other hand, for the in-situ technique, polymerization of aniline into PANI and attachment of PANI on a filter paper was allowed to occur simultaneously. In both techniques, humic acid was used as the bridging agent. Results showed that the in-situ direct growth technique produced PANI multilayer film with good uniformity, lesser cracking, and detachment. On the other hand, the ex-situ drop-casting technique resulted in PANI film with very poor uniformity, irregular thickness, and severe detachment.
{"title":"Formation of Polyaniline (PANI) multilayer film using humic acid as the bridging agent: Screening on the fabrication technique","authors":"Shu Qing Liew, Yit Kwan Lee, Wang Fei, Kiat Moon Lee, Hung Yang Leong, Swee Pin Yeap","doi":"10.37934/progee.20.1.1623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.20.1.1623","url":null,"abstract":"The application of polyaniline (PANI) in flexible electronic devices has received increased attention due to its environmental stability, electrical conducting properties, and ease of production. While the electrical conductivity of a PANI film can be altered by modifying the number of PANI layers, this study aims to compare two techniques, namely ex-situ and in-situ, for the fabrication of PANI multilayer film. For the ex-situ technique, PANI was formed separately before being drop-casted on a filter paper; on the other hand, for the in-situ technique, polymerization of aniline into PANI and attachment of PANI on a filter paper was allowed to occur simultaneously. In both techniques, humic acid was used as the bridging agent. Results showed that the in-situ direct growth technique produced PANI multilayer film with good uniformity, lesser cracking, and detachment. On the other hand, the ex-situ drop-casting technique resulted in PANI film with very poor uniformity, irregular thickness, and severe detachment.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133562338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.37934/progee.19.1.112
Choon Yoong Cheok, Anusuyah Ragunathan
Anthocyanins are natural occurrence red pigments existed in most flowers with high health benefited values. These anthocyanins rich flowers have a short shelf life and fast degradation when in fresh stage. These anthocyanins rich flowers have a short shelf life and fast degradation when in fresh stage. Therefore, drying is a conventional way to preserve them from rotten in order to be reachable for urban consumers who have busy life style and limited space for planting. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anthocyanin degradation kinetics of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Clitoria ternatea L. and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. at drying temperatures of 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C for durations of 10, 20, 30 and 40 min. Anthocyanin degradation kinetic order of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Clitoria ternatea L. and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. were determined by constructing natural logarithm Arrhenius equation plots from k values obtained from zero-, first-, and second-order integrated rate law plots at each temperature levels of 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C and 80 °C, based on the highest coefficient of determination (R2). Fresh flower of Clitoria ternatea L. has been revealed possessed the highest amount of TMA followed by Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Results revealed that anthocyanins degradation for Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. and Clitoria ternatea L. followed first-order kinetic behaviour, while Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. followed the second-order. Anthocyanins of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. has been discovered having high k values which led to shorter half-life values. However, anthocyanins of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. is more stable during heat drying treatment as evidenced by higher activation energy and activation enthalpy, but lower free Gibbs energy and absolute value of entropy in comparison to Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. and Clitoria ternatea L. Therefore, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is highly recommended to be used as food colorant in food processing industries which involve heating.
{"title":"Anthocyanin degradation kinetics and thermodynamic analysis of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Clitoria ternatea L. and Hibiscus sabdariffa L.","authors":"Choon Yoong Cheok, Anusuyah Ragunathan","doi":"10.37934/progee.19.1.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.19.1.112","url":null,"abstract":"Anthocyanins are natural occurrence red pigments existed in most flowers with high health benefited values. These anthocyanins rich flowers have a short shelf life and fast degradation when in fresh stage. These anthocyanins rich flowers have a short shelf life and fast degradation when in fresh stage. Therefore, drying is a conventional way to preserve them from rotten in order to be reachable for urban consumers who have busy life style and limited space for planting. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anthocyanin degradation kinetics of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Clitoria ternatea L. and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. at drying temperatures of 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C for durations of 10, 20, 30 and 40 min. Anthocyanin degradation kinetic order of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Clitoria ternatea L. and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. were determined by constructing natural logarithm Arrhenius equation plots from k values obtained from zero-, first-, and second-order integrated rate law plots at each temperature levels of 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C and 80 °C, based on the highest coefficient of determination (R2). Fresh flower of Clitoria ternatea L. has been revealed possessed the highest amount of TMA followed by Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Results revealed that anthocyanins degradation for Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. and Clitoria ternatea L. followed first-order kinetic behaviour, while Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. followed the second-order. Anthocyanins of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. has been discovered having high k values which led to shorter half-life values. However, anthocyanins of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. is more stable during heat drying treatment as evidenced by higher activation energy and activation enthalpy, but lower free Gibbs energy and absolute value of entropy in comparison to Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. and Clitoria ternatea L. Therefore, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is highly recommended to be used as food colorant in food processing industries which involve heating.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121952920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.37934/progee.19.1.1337
Huiyi Tan, Keng Yinn Wong, Hong Yee Kek, Kee Quen Lee, Haslinda Mohamed Kamar, Wai Shin Ho, Hooi Siang Kang, Xinyou Ho, Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma, Syie Luing Wong, Muhammad Akmal Hakim Hishammuddin
Poor indoor air quality (IAQ) has developed a positive relationship with human health risks. Recently, research findings reported that the pollution level of indoor air could be 2 – 5 times higher than the outdoor air. In some studies, the poor IAQ could reach up to 100 times or more in a natural/ mechanical ventilated building. IAQ depends heavily on the ambient air quality and pollutants/ contaminants produced by household activities. Poor IAQ could lead to various health issues, i.e., asthma, lung cancer, dizziness, fatigue, headaches, etc. One of the possible solutions to overcome the poor IAQ problem is the utilisation of indoor botanical to improve the IAQ. The phytoremediation of botanical is an affordable and environmentally friendly approach to purify the polluted indoor air. Although there is no established recommendation for determining the best indoor botanical in improving the IAQ, many studies have revealed the ability of specific indoor botanicals to remove pollutants/ contaminants. This paper presents the bibliometric analysis and short review based on 79 publications issued in 2011 – 2021. Those articles were extracted from the Web of Science database. Based on the analysis, the number of publications has increased significantly starting from the year 2017. Indoor Air was identified as one of the top productive journals for this research topic.
室内空气质量差与人类健康风险呈正相关。最近，有研究发现，室内空气的污染水平可能比室外空气高2 - 5倍。在一些研究中，在自然/机械通风的建筑物中，糟糕的室内空气质素可达100倍或更多。室内空气质量在很大程度上取决于环境空气质量和家庭活动产生的污染物/污染物。糟糕的室内空气质量会导致各种健康问题，如哮喘、肺癌、头晕、疲劳、头痛等。解决室内空气质量差的一个可能的方法是利用室内植物来改善室内空气质量。植物修复是一种经济、环保的净化室内污染空气的方法。虽然目前还没有确定改善室内空气质量的最佳室内植物的建议，但许多研究已经揭示了特定室内植物去除污染物的能力。本文对2011 - 2021年发表的79篇论文进行了文献计量分析和简要综述。这些文章摘自Web of Science数据库。根据分析，从2017年开始，出版物数量显著增加。《室内空气》被认为是这一研究课题的最高成果期刊之一。
{"title":"Small-scale botanical in enhancing indoor air quality: A bibliometric analysis (2011-2020) and short review","authors":"Huiyi Tan, Keng Yinn Wong, Hong Yee Kek, Kee Quen Lee, Haslinda Mohamed Kamar, Wai Shin Ho, Hooi Siang Kang, Xinyou Ho, Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma, Syie Luing Wong, Muhammad Akmal Hakim Hishammuddin","doi":"10.37934/progee.19.1.1337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.19.1.1337","url":null,"abstract":"Poor indoor air quality (IAQ) has developed a positive relationship with human health risks. Recently, research findings reported that the pollution level of indoor air could be 2 – 5 times higher than the outdoor air. In some studies, the poor IAQ could reach up to 100 times or more in a natural/ mechanical ventilated building. IAQ depends heavily on the ambient air quality and pollutants/ contaminants produced by household activities. Poor IAQ could lead to various health issues, i.e., asthma, lung cancer, dizziness, fatigue, headaches, etc. One of the possible solutions to overcome the poor IAQ problem is the utilisation of indoor botanical to improve the IAQ. The phytoremediation of botanical is an affordable and environmentally friendly approach to purify the polluted indoor air. Although there is no established recommendation for determining the best indoor botanical in improving the IAQ, many studies have revealed the ability of specific indoor botanicals to remove pollutants/ contaminants. This paper presents the bibliometric analysis and short review based on 79 publications issued in 2011 – 2021. Those articles were extracted from the Web of Science database. Based on the analysis, the number of publications has increased significantly starting from the year 2017. Indoor Air was identified as one of the top productive journals for this research topic.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130651104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.37934/progee.18.1.2333
Lee Wei Xuan, Mohd Fadhil Majnis, Syahriza Ismail, Mohd Azam Mohd Adnan
This study was conducted to synthesize bi-component ZrO2/Ag nanotubes through anodization and photoreduction methods. The synthesized nanotubes were characterized and adsorption tests were carried out to evaluate its performance in removing heavy metal, lead (II). ZrO2 nanotubes were synthesized by anodizing zirconium foil in an electrolyte composed of glycerol, ammonium fluoride, formamide, and distilled water. The effect of anodizing time and the annealing process on the morphology of synthesized nanotubes were studied. Bi-component ZrO2/Ag nanotubes were prepared through photochemical reduction which silver precursor solution undergoes Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in the presence of the active reducing agent. Larger pore diameter and longer length of synthesized nanotubes were formed at the longer anodizing time and the walls of nanotubes were smoother without annealing. The effect of the initial heavy metal concentration and contact time on the adsorption efficiency of synthesized nanotubes was evaluated using lead (II) as the heavy metal ions. Overall, the percentage removal of lead (II) increased with longer adsorption time and higher initial concentration of the lead (II) ions.
{"title":"Synthesis of bi-component ZrO2/Ag nanotube for heavy metal removal","authors":"Lee Wei Xuan, Mohd Fadhil Majnis, Syahriza Ismail, Mohd Azam Mohd Adnan","doi":"10.37934/progee.18.1.2333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.18.1.2333","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to synthesize bi-component ZrO2/Ag nanotubes through anodization and photoreduction methods. The synthesized nanotubes were characterized and adsorption tests were carried out to evaluate its performance in removing heavy metal, lead (II). ZrO2 nanotubes were synthesized by anodizing zirconium foil in an electrolyte composed of glycerol, ammonium fluoride, formamide, and distilled water. The effect of anodizing time and the annealing process on the morphology of synthesized nanotubes were studied. Bi-component ZrO2/Ag nanotubes were prepared through photochemical reduction which silver precursor solution undergoes Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in the presence of the active reducing agent. Larger pore diameter and longer length of synthesized nanotubes were formed at the longer anodizing time and the walls of nanotubes were smoother without annealing. The effect of the initial heavy metal concentration and contact time on the adsorption efficiency of synthesized nanotubes was evaluated using lead (II) as the heavy metal ions. Overall, the percentage removal of lead (II) increased with longer adsorption time and higher initial concentration of the lead (II) ions.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132561605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.37934/progee.18.1.122
Osamah Othman Kanaani, Sami Abdelrahman Musa Yagoub, Shabir Habib, Akmal Aulia, Bonavian Hasiholan
Several approaches for avoiding gas breakthrough due to coning phenomena have been proposed. These methods include maintaining oil production rates below critical rates, inserting crosslinking gels near the well to create a gas-blocking area, and making perforation as far away from the initial gas-oil contact (GOC) as possible, often considered uneconomically solutions and not sufficient way to deal with the problem. Furthermore, this is a major source of concern in terms of the additional costs of separation procedures and equipment availability. Coning couldn’t possibly be totally eliminated, but it can be minimized by defining the breakthrough time and understanding the characteristics that have a significant impact on breakthrough time and how effectively may be manipulated to delay it. A mathematical and numerical approach was used in this research for the purpose of gas breakthrough time investigation and monitoring the gas-oil ratio (GOR). tNavigator embedded flow equation was used as a novel 3D compositional simulation principle in the software to predict the time of gas flow from grid cell to another reaching the perforation interval, for the purpose of utilizing the sensitivity analysis of certain parameters which had sufficient impact on GOR value and breakthrough time (tBt). Results show that the Oil column is the most effective parameter in the sensitivity analysis and the one factor to focus on while producing from gas cap reservoirs.
{"title":"Prediction of gas coning in hydrocarbon reservoir using tNavigator","authors":"Osamah Othman Kanaani, Sami Abdelrahman Musa Yagoub, Shabir Habib, Akmal Aulia, Bonavian Hasiholan","doi":"10.37934/progee.18.1.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.18.1.122","url":null,"abstract":"Several approaches for avoiding gas breakthrough due to coning phenomena have been proposed. These methods include maintaining oil production rates below critical rates, inserting crosslinking gels near the well to create a gas-blocking area, and making perforation as far away from the initial gas-oil contact (GOC) as possible, often considered uneconomically solutions and not sufficient way to deal with the problem. Furthermore, this is a major source of concern in terms of the additional costs of separation procedures and equipment availability. Coning couldn’t possibly be totally eliminated, but it can be minimized by defining the breakthrough time and understanding the characteristics that have a significant impact on breakthrough time and how effectively may be manipulated to delay it. A mathematical and numerical approach was used in this research for the purpose of gas breakthrough time investigation and monitoring the gas-oil ratio (GOR). tNavigator embedded flow equation was used as a novel 3D compositional simulation principle in the software to predict the time of gas flow from grid cell to another reaching the perforation interval, for the purpose of utilizing the sensitivity analysis of certain parameters which had sufficient impact on GOR value and breakthrough time (tBt). Results show that the Oil column is the most effective parameter in the sensitivity analysis and the one factor to focus on while producing from gas cap reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126192476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.37934/progee.17.1.3241
Shu Ying Ang, Nur Farhana Najwa, Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim, Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi, Zulfakar Mokhtar, Lian See Tan, Nurfatehah Wahyuny Che Jusoh
Treatment of oil pollution remains a challenge due to the growing urbanisation. Thus, there is an increasing number of global studies on exploiting simple and effective methods to remove oil from water. In the present work, spent tea leaves (STL) have been modified using oleic acid (OA) and free fatty acids from waste cooking oil (FFA-WCO). The aim was to enhance the hydrophobicity of the STL so that they can act as an oil adsorbent. The functional groups of the fatty acids within the modified STL were identified using the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analysis, while the surface morphology of STL was characterised using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The performance of the synthesised adsorbents for oil adsorption was tested in batch adsorption experiments. The FTIR results revealed that free fatty acids have been successfully impregnated onto the surface of STL. SEM analyses showed that the surface of the fatty acid-modified STL has smoother surfaces compared to the rougher surface of unmodified STL. From the batch adsorption test, the highest adsorption capacity was observed using 1:10 ratio of STL to WCO, with 120 min of contact time, 1 g of adsorbent dosage, and under the temperature of 45 °C. The adsorption capacity of STL@FFA-WCO at the optimum condition was 1.800 ± 0.15 g/g. For the effect of modification agents, STL that were modified using oleic acid (STL@OA) showed greater adsorption capacity of 2.267 ± 0.21 g/g. These findings proved that the fatty acid-modified STL have the potential of becoming green adsorbents for oil removal.
{"title":"Potential of fatty acid-modified spent tea leaves as adsorbent for oil adsorption","authors":"Shu Ying Ang, Nur Farhana Najwa, Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim, Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi, Zulfakar Mokhtar, Lian See Tan, Nurfatehah Wahyuny Che Jusoh","doi":"10.37934/progee.17.1.3241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.17.1.3241","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment of oil pollution remains a challenge due to the growing urbanisation. Thus, there is an increasing number of global studies on exploiting simple and effective methods to remove oil from water. In the present work, spent tea leaves (STL) have been modified using oleic acid (OA) and free fatty acids from waste cooking oil (FFA-WCO). The aim was to enhance the hydrophobicity of the STL so that they can act as an oil adsorbent. The functional groups of the fatty acids within the modified STL were identified using the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analysis, while the surface morphology of STL was characterised using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The performance of the synthesised adsorbents for oil adsorption was tested in batch adsorption experiments. The FTIR results revealed that free fatty acids have been successfully impregnated onto the surface of STL. SEM analyses showed that the surface of the fatty acid-modified STL has smoother surfaces compared to the rougher surface of unmodified STL. From the batch adsorption test, the highest adsorption capacity was observed using 1:10 ratio of STL to WCO, with 120 min of contact time, 1 g of adsorbent dosage, and under the temperature of 45 °C. The adsorption capacity of STL@FFA-WCO at the optimum condition was 1.800 ± 0.15 g/g. For the effect of modification agents, STL that were modified using oleic acid (STL@OA) showed greater adsorption capacity of 2.267 ± 0.21 g/g. These findings proved that the fatty acid-modified STL have the potential of becoming green adsorbents for oil removal.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130190300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our world has been relying on fossil fuel, a non-renewable energy that is depleting day by day and negatively impacting the environment. Hydropower is known to contribute a significant portion of the renewable power production. Dams has been the most common technique to generate hydropower. However, such scheme was not able to support the rural areas as it requires large areas and huge amount of water resource. Savonius hydrokinetic turbine (HKT) has been suggested as the device for a small-scale application as it can generate power from low-velocity river flow with less installation cost. With that, the aim of this study is designed to investigate and compare performance of the single-staged and two-staged HKT for river flow. This study considered numerical simulation that includes modelling, testing, and analyzing the data. Then, comparing it with the existing literature results, to identify the solution. This investigation demonstrates an improvement of 8.1% in the efficiency of power coefficient when compared with single-staged HKT.
{"title":"A performance investigation of a multi-staging hydrokinetic turbine for river flow","authors":"Kerishmaa Theavy Kunalan, Cheng Yee Ng, Nauman Riyaz Maldar","doi":"10.37934/progee.17.1.1731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/progee.17.1.1731","url":null,"abstract":"Our world has been relying on fossil fuel, a non-renewable energy that is depleting day by day and negatively impacting the environment. Hydropower is known to contribute a significant portion of the renewable power production. Dams has been the most common technique to generate hydropower. However, such scheme was not able to support the rural areas as it requires large areas and huge amount of water resource. Savonius hydrokinetic turbine (HKT) has been suggested as the device for a small-scale application as it can generate power from low-velocity river flow with less installation cost. With that, the aim of this study is designed to investigate and compare performance of the single-staged and two-staged HKT for river flow. This study considered numerical simulation that includes modelling, testing, and analyzing the data. Then, comparing it with the existing literature results, to identify the solution. This investigation demonstrates an improvement of 8.1% in the efficiency of power coefficient when compared with single-staged HKT.","PeriodicalId":235296,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121809833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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