Veterinarni Medicina最新文献

Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMFB) is rarely reported in humans as well as domestic animals, especially in the female genital tract. This painless tumour is characterised by the proliferation of spindle or ovoid tumour cells with myofibroblastic differentiation, which often cluster around thin-walled blood vessels. This report presents a case of feline AMFB for the first time. Preoperative abdominal radiography demonstrated an enlarged uterus with the dorsolateral displacement of the ovaries, and transabdominal ultrasonography showed an enlarged uterus with diffuse hypoechoic areas. The resected uterus showed a firm texture with a grey to brownish colour. A microscopic examination revealed proliferation of well-differentiated neoplastic spindle cells on a background of abundant fibrous stroma containing numerous blood vessels. Myxoid degeneration and vascular extravasation were not observed. The neoplastic cells were diffusely immunopositive for α-SMA and vimentin and focally positive for desmin (in the perivascular areas). AMFB is rare in veterinary medicine and the feline uterine AMFB observed in the present case had not been previously reported. Although previously reported as a safe, benign tumour, a surgical procedure of a large AMFB in small animals without proper diagnosis may become life-threatening.

Fugate, a waste product from biogas production, regularly used in agriculture as a fertiliser, may contain bacterial pathogens that cause zoonoses. Anaerobic digestion (AD) can inactivate viable pathogens, including parasites, viruses, and pathogens containing antibiotic resistance genes. This study aimed to compare the numbers of pathogenic bacteria and diversity of potential bacterial pathogens in the fugate using three different types of slurry: cattle, swine, and poultry manure. The swine fugate showed higher numbers of Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter sp. than the poultry and cattle fugate. In the cattle fugate, the lowest total number of pathogenic bacteria and a low number of coliforms were detected after the AD. The use of cattle manure in biogas plants presents a lower potential for soil contamination with pathogens. The fugate produced using poultry or swine manure can be used carefully to avoid possibility of contamination of aquifers or surface waters. Also fugate produced from manure of cows suffering from chronic botulism can be used only with carefulness because of the presence of Clostridium botulinum spores in biogas waste of diseased cows.

The jandaíra bee (Melipona subnitida) is a species native to northeastern Brazil that produces geopropolis, a mixture of clay and propolis, used in folk medicine. Geopropolis has traditionally been used in folk medicine because of its potential therapeutic properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing effects. Recent studies have highlighted the rich composition of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, contributing to their pharmacological potential. Despite these findings, the gastroprotective properties of geopropolis and the underlying mechanisms remain underexplored and warrant further investigation. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective effects of a hydroethanolic extract of geopropolis (HEG) produced by M. subnitida in Wistar rats, focusing on its antioxidant activity and the role of its bioactive compounds in preventing gastric mucosal damage. The gastroprotective potential was evaluated in Wistar rats pre-treated with HEG (250, 500, and 1 000 mg/kg, orally) for seven days and subjected to acute gastric lesions with ethanol (0.2 ml/animal, orally). One group of rats that received only distilled water served as the negative control, whereas the other group that received only ethanol served as the positive control. The stomachs were evaluated to determine the following parameters: evidence of macroscopic and histological changes, volume of mucus-containing mucin, stomach pH, and index of ulcerative lesions. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene tests were performed, followed by the Tukey test, with values considered significant at P < 0.05. HEG reduced the severity of the ulcerative lesions at all doses tested. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the pH values of gastric secretions, mucus volume, and mucin content in the stomachs of animals pretreated with HEG compared to the negative control group. These results indicate that HEG has gastroprotective activity, which may be related to the presence of phenolic compounds and its high antioxidant activity.

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CrCLR) is a common stifle joint pathology among dogs, leading to osteoarthritis and painfulness. Non-surgical treatment options often represent the usage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 14 days (NSAIDs), but autologous conditioned plasma (ACP) shows promising results in managing various orthopaedic conditions, decreasing inflammation, and improving the clinical outcome in dogs. This study aimed to determine the differences in MMP-3 serum levels and the clinical outcomes between differently treated cranial cruciate rupture cases. For this purpose, we used two different treatment methods for managing canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture (minimally invasive ACP injection or oral NSAIDs), and evaluated the clinical outcomes, indicating the quality of life, and the MMP-3 serum levels over a period of 28 days. The findings of this investigation indicate that ACP has better efficacy than two weeks of NSAIDs in inflammation reduction, clinical outcome improvement, and the allowance of a longer duration of activity after 28 days.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis, as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from the milk of dairy cows in the Republic of Kosovo. The study involved 242 lactating cows from 16 farms. Data were collected through questionnaire interviews, the California mastitis test (CMT), and microbiological analysis. For the detection and identification of bacteria, conventional methods and biochemical tests were used. The disc diffusion method was used to test the susceptibility of isolated bacteria. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) at quarter and cow level was 22.3% and 10.5%, respectively. Factors including breed, age, parity, milk production, and lactation stage were significantly correlated with the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in cows (P < 0.05). Major bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (34%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS, 21.3%), Escherichia coli (18.1%), Streptococcus uberis (14.9%), and Streptococcus agalactiae (4.3%). All bacterial isolates showed high susceptibility to gentamicin, tetracycline, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and low susceptibility to penicillin and streptomycin.

Management of chronic non-healing wounds in cats requires a comprehensive approach. This report describes the treatment of a severe open skin wound on the skull using a combined approach involving allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP). A 12-year-old neutered male mixed-breed domestic cat presented with a non-healing chronic wound on the skull. The wound extended from the orbital to the occipital area and from the left to the right temporal region. Laboratory test results were positive for feline immunodeficiency virus and impaired kidney function. Sensitivity tests revealed resistance to several antibiotics. Due to limited skin reconstruction options, MSCs were administered subcutaneously at the wound edge once a month for three months. PRP was collected one month after the initial MSC administration and injected at the wound edge monthly between MSC treatments. The wound diameter was measured daily during saline cleaning. The cat received protein-supplemented food daily. Wound healing was observed two weeks after the MSC administration, gradually decreasing in size and closing completely within 5 months. This case demonstrates the successful application of MSCs and PRP for treating chronic wounds in cats.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted significant interest in veterinary medicine due to their unique properties, including enhanced stability, greater antimicrobial efficacy, and reduced toxicity compared to traditional silver salts. Their applications span various areas of veterinary practice, such as dermatology, wound management, infection prevention, drug delivery, and disinfection. This review explores their use in pigs, highlighting their role as feed additives to prevent diarrhoea, as antibacterial agents in semen extenders, and veterinary dermatology. AgNPs possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, positioning them as a promising alternative to antibiotics in addressing antibiotic resistance. Additionally, AgNPs have shown antiviral potential, though the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. The review examines the antibacterial and antiviral properties of AgNPs, their utility in facility sanitation, and their potential toxicity to pigs. While AgNPs offer significant benefits in veterinary applications, concerns about their toxicity persist. Efforts to reduce this toxicity, such as surface modifications or combining AgNPs with other substances, are under investigation. Further research is essential to fully understand the potential applications and safety of AgNPs in pig medicine.

This study aimed to assess the toxicity of the anthelmintic drug praziquantel in the early life stages of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The toxicity was evaluated based on mortality, early ontogeny development, growth, oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes and histopathology. Praziquantel at all tested concentrations (1, 2, 4 and 6 mg/l) showed no significant adverse effects on the hatching of grass carp. Concentrations of 2, 4 and 6 mg/l praziquantel caused significantly (P < 0.01) higher mortality and slower growth compared with controls. Praziquantel at concentrations (4 and 6 mg/l) showed a significant (P < 0.01) delay of early ontogeny of grass carp. Concentration of 2 mg/l praziquantel caused significantly (P < 0.01) higher GST activity than controls. Among the groups, no histological changes were detected in tissues. For the early life of grass carp, praziquantel is safe at concentrations ≤1 mg/l.

The decline in the bee colony strength due to high levels of Varroa destructor infestations necessitates the development of new control methods. This study evaluates the effectiveness of glycerin-oxalic acid strips and essential oils in managing Varroa destructor. The experiment was conducted in 2022 at the experimental apiary in Debelec, part of the Institute of Animal Husbandry in Kostinbrod. Six experimental groups, each treated with a different preparation, were compared to a control group of untreated colonies. Treatments included Beevital Hiveclean (20 ml per colony), Varro Red (2 ml per frame), ammonium nitrate strips (1.3 mm), glycerin-oxalic acid strips (1.3 mm), and glycerin-oxalic acid strips of paper-cellulose (2.3 mm) or cellulose-cotton (2.3 mm). The control group remained untreated. The glycerin-oxalic acid strips made of cellulose and cotton (2.3 mm) showed the highest efficacy, reducing the mite infestation by 17.79% compared to the control. The glycerin-oxalic acid strips of paper-cellulose (2.3 mm) were also effective, achieving a 17.05% reduction in mite levels. These results provide valuable insights for beekeepers seeking alternative and sustainable methods for controlling Varroa destructor infestations.

A 6-year-old female neutered Turkish Angora cat was referred due to tachypnoea. The patient was diagnosed with cardiomegaly at a local hospital during a health screening two years ago. Tachypnoea occurred one year ago. On physical examination, the patient presented with a respiratory rate of 72 breaths per minute and a systolic blood pressure of 70 mmHg. Thoracic radiographs revealed severe cardiomegaly, left atrium (LA) enlargement, right atrium (RA) enlargement, right ventricular enlargement, and dilation of pulmonary arteries and veins. An alveolar pattern was identified in the right and left cranial lung lobes. Echocardiography revealed a membrane that divided the LA into two chambers, a defect in the lower atrial septum, and elongation of anterior or posterior tricuspid valves (TV). However, septal TV was not observed. During systole, blood flow from LA to RA was confirmed through a defect in the atrial septum. During diastole, blood flow from LA to left ventricular was confirmed. These findings suggest cor triatriatum sinister (CTS) with partial atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD). This report describes echocardiographic diagnosis of CTS with partial AVSD in a cat.