Oceanic islands are a major tourist destination, and the invasion of exotic plants on oceanic islands is a serious problem. To discuss how exotic herbaceous plant invasion is driven by human disturbance on an oceanic island, we assessed the distribution patterns of exotic herbaceous species along a metropolitan road, including parking lots, on the island of Chichijima in the Ogasawara Islands of Japan in the North Pacific Ocean. We observed 16 exotic herbaceous species representing seven families, and all the species have also been recorded in surveys 25 years ago. Species richness (number of species per plot) ranged from 0 to 9 with an average of 2.49. Distance from a parking lot was significantly negatively related to the distribution patterns of seven species and positively related to three species, pointing to parking lots being critical nodes along the dispersal pathways of exotic herbaceous species in Chichijima. Although roads are well known to play an important role as corridors for the invasion and seed dispersal of exotic plants, our results suggest that it would also be important to consider the location of parking lots to understand the distribution of exotic herbaceous species in road networks. We suggest that intensive weed management near parking lots and car wash protocols on Chichijima may be effective in halting exotic species spread.
{"title":"Distributions of exotic herbaceous species along a roadside on Chichijima, the Ogasawara Islands, and their relationship with human disturbance","authors":"Aoi Eguchi, Kenji Hata, Shinya Numata","doi":"10.1111/wbm.12295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wbm.12295","url":null,"abstract":"Oceanic islands are a major tourist destination, and the invasion of exotic plants on oceanic islands is a serious problem. To discuss how exotic herbaceous plant invasion is driven by human disturbance on an oceanic island, we assessed the distribution patterns of exotic herbaceous species along a metropolitan road, including parking lots, on the island of Chichijima in the Ogasawara Islands of Japan in the North Pacific Ocean. We observed 16 exotic herbaceous species representing seven families, and all the species have also been recorded in surveys 25 years ago. Species richness (number of species per plot) ranged from 0 to 9 with an average of 2.49. Distance from a parking lot was significantly negatively related to the distribution patterns of seven species and positively related to three species, pointing to parking lots being critical nodes along the dispersal pathways of exotic herbaceous species in Chichijima. Although roads are well known to play an important role as corridors for the invasion and seed dispersal of exotic plants, our results suggest that it would also be important to consider the location of parking lots to understand the distribution of exotic herbaceous species in road networks. We suggest that intensive weed management near parking lots and car wash protocols on Chichijima may be effective in halting exotic species spread.","PeriodicalId":23536,"journal":{"name":"Weed Biology and Management","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kris French, Michael B. Ashcroft, F. Dane Panetta, S. Raghu, Hillary Cherry
The persistence of a soil seed bank influences weed management options. However, for many species, the degree of persistence of a soil seed bank is unknown. We assessed how long seeds remain in the soil for two invasive weeds, Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera (boneseed) and C. monilifera subsp. rotundata (bitou bush), as seeds of these species were predicted to have different longevity in the soil associated with differences in seed coat thickness. Seeds of both subspecies were buried at two depths at two sites in eastern Australia. Seeds were tested for germinability and viability regularly over an 8‐year period. Freshly collected seeds had quite low viability, and there was a rapid decline in viability in the first couple of years after burial, with C. m. rotundata declining faster than C. m. monilifera. Some seeds, however, remained viable in the soil at some sites for up to 8 years, with high site‐to‐site variability. The variability in viability from site to site may be due to the length of time soils remain moist: a combination of rainfall quantity and humidity levels. The low numbers of seeds remaining viable at 8 years indicate progressively lower probabilities of recruitment at sites following weed control but also suggest that monitoring for both subspecies needs to occur for a long period to minimize the risk of reinfestation from the seed bank.
土壤种子库的持久性会影响杂草管理方案。然而，对于许多物种来说，土壤种子库的持久性尚不清楚。我们评估了 Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera（骨草）和 C. monilifera subsp.这两个亚种的种子被埋在澳大利亚东部两个地点的两个深度。在长达 8 年的时间里，定期对种子的发芽率和存活率进行检测。新鲜采集的种子存活率很低，在埋藏后的最初几年中，存活率迅速下降，其中 C. m. rotundata 的下降速度比 C. m. monilifera 快。不过，有些种子在某些地点的土壤中仍能存活长达 8 年之久，但地点与地点之间的差异很大。不同地点种子存活率的差异可能与土壤保持湿润的时间长短有关：这与降雨量和湿度水平有关。8 年后仍然存活的种子数量较少，这表明杂草控制后各地点的新种概率逐渐降低，但也表明需要对这两个亚种进行长期监测，以最大限度地降低种子库再感染的风险。
{"title":"Differences in soil seed longevity for two subspecies of the invasive weed, Chrysanthemoides monilifera (Asteraceae)","authors":"Kris French, Michael B. Ashcroft, F. Dane Panetta, S. Raghu, Hillary Cherry","doi":"10.1111/wbm.12294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wbm.12294","url":null,"abstract":"The persistence of a soil seed bank influences weed management options. However, for many species, the degree of persistence of a soil seed bank is unknown. We assessed how long seeds remain in the soil for two invasive weeds, <jats:italic>Chrysanthemoides monilifera</jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic>monilifera</jats:italic> (boneseed) and <jats:italic>C. monilifera</jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic>rotundata</jats:italic> (bitou bush), as seeds of these species were predicted to have different longevity in the soil associated with differences in seed coat thickness. Seeds of both subspecies were buried at two depths at two sites in eastern Australia. Seeds were tested for germinability and viability regularly over an 8‐year period. Freshly collected seeds had quite low viability, and there was a rapid decline in viability in the first couple of years after burial, with <jats:italic>C. m. rotundata</jats:italic> declining faster than <jats:italic>C. m. monilifera</jats:italic>. Some seeds, however, remained viable in the soil at some sites for up to 8 years, with high site‐to‐site variability. The variability in viability from site to site may be due to the length of time soils remain moist: a combination of rainfall quantity and humidity levels. The low numbers of seeds remaining viable at 8 years indicate progressively lower probabilities of recruitment at sites following weed control but also suggest that monitoring for both subspecies needs to occur for a long period to minimize the risk of reinfestation from the seed bank.","PeriodicalId":23536,"journal":{"name":"Weed Biology and Management","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li Yang, Jia‐yan Wang, Qi‐yao Hu, Yan Liu, Xiao Ruan, Ai‐li Qu, Qiang Wang
4,8‐Dihydroxy‐1‐tetrahydronaphthone (4,8‐DHT), an allelochemical, was isolated from the Carya cathayensis epicarp and was discovered to have phytotoxicity in laboratory tests. In this study, field experiments were designed to assess the phytotoxicity of 4,8‐DHT on weeds in Cerasus yedoensis and Lagerstroemia indica forestlands after pre‐ and post‐emergence application, in addition to physiological effect on Lindernia procumbens were also measured. The phytotoxic results of 4,8‐DHT demonstrated that the total inhibition rate of weeds was 81.3% and 68.2% in C. yedoensis forestland and L. indica forestland after pre‐emergence applied for 24 days in 2021, and enhanced by 9.9% and 27.8% compared with post‐emergence treatment. Especially, in C. yedoensis forestland, a high concentration of 4,8‐DHT sprayed at the pre‐emergence stage after 8 days had a significant inhibition rate on all weeds except Cyperus rotundus, and was still above 80.0% after 24 days of exposure. Comprehensive control efficacy of 4,8‐DHT indicates that pre‐emergence application is more favorable for weeds control. Physiological analysis showed that 4,8‐DHT stimulated the contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and proline and declined in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, meanwhile, accompanied by a decrease in the root vitality and chlorophyll content in L. procumbens. These results warrant further investigations of 4,8‐DHT applied in early pre‐emergence as a potential source of weed control agent.
{"title":"Field validation of 4,8‐dihydroxy‐1‐tetrahydronaphthone phytotoxicity on forestland weeds and physiological mechanism analysis on Lindernia procumbens","authors":"Li Yang, Jia‐yan Wang, Qi‐yao Hu, Yan Liu, Xiao Ruan, Ai‐li Qu, Qiang Wang","doi":"10.1111/wbm.12293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wbm.12293","url":null,"abstract":"4,8‐Dihydroxy‐1‐tetrahydronaphthone (4,8‐DHT), an allelochemical, was isolated from the <jats:italic>Carya cathayensis</jats:italic> epicarp and was discovered to have phytotoxicity in laboratory tests. In this study, field experiments were designed to assess the phytotoxicity of 4,8‐DHT on weeds in <jats:italic>Cerasus yedoensis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lagerstroemia indica</jats:italic> forestlands after pre‐ and post‐emergence application, in addition to physiological effect on <jats:italic>Lindernia procumbens</jats:italic> were also measured. The phytotoxic results of 4,8‐DHT demonstrated that the total inhibition rate of weeds was 81.3% and 68.2% in <jats:italic>C. yedoensis</jats:italic> forestland and <jats:italic>L. indica</jats:italic> forestland after pre‐emergence applied for 24 days in 2021, and enhanced by 9.9% and 27.8% compared with post‐emergence treatment. Especially, in <jats:italic>C. yedoensis</jats:italic> forestland, a high concentration of 4,8‐DHT sprayed at the pre‐emergence stage after 8 days had a significant inhibition rate on all weeds except <jats:italic>Cyperus rotundus</jats:italic>, and was still above 80.0% after 24 days of exposure. Comprehensive control efficacy of 4,8‐DHT indicates that pre‐emergence application is more favorable for weeds control. Physiological analysis showed that 4,8‐DHT stimulated the contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>), and proline and declined in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, meanwhile, accompanied by a decrease in the root vitality and chlorophyll content in <jats:italic>L. procumbens</jats:italic>. These results warrant further investigations of 4,8‐DHT applied in early pre‐emergence as a potential source of weed control agent.","PeriodicalId":23536,"journal":{"name":"Weed Biology and Management","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vivian Ogechi Osadebe, Uchenna Noble Ukwu, Nathaniel Dauda, Ifesinachi Martha Nwamba, Amos Ejike Ede, Jacob Ikechukwu Enyi, Anthony Ikechukwu Onah
Ocimum sanctum is a leaf‐vegetable and spice crop with several nutritional, therapeutic, and curative properties. Economic losses due to weeds have posed a major challenge to farmers, who have adopted different techniques to manage weeds without regard to its effect on the crop's nutritional qualities. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of weed control techniques on weed eradication, leaf yield, and nutritional qualities of O. sanctum. Nine weed control techniques comprising black, red, and transparent polyethylene mulches, rice husk and sawdust mulches, daily removal of weed (DROW), hoe‐weeded, application of Haloxyfop post‐emergence herbicide spray (PEHS), and un‐weeded were investigated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant variations in leaf‐yield and nutritional qualities among the different weed control techniques were recorded. Leaf yield was higher in plots treated with rice husk and black polyethylene mulches. Haloxyfop PEHS and transparent polyethylene mulch were superior in enhancing the proximate and vitamin contents of O. sanctum while black polyethylene and DROW were more efficient in weed control compared with the other weed control techniques. The use of polyethylene mulch as an effective weed management option offers numerous benefits for agriculture and gardening. Its ability to conserve moisture, suppress weed growth, and improve the crop microclimate, makes it a sustainable and cost‐effective option for farmers globally. Additionally, the use of herbicide to exploit plant biosynthetic pathways could lead to the unearthing of chemical innovations that could in addition to eradicating weed, also improve the nutritional qualities of crop.
欧琴圣草是一种叶菜和香料作物，具有多种营养、治疗和疗效。杂草造成的经济损失给农民带来了重大挑战，他们采用了不同的技术来管理杂草，却忽略了杂草对作物营养品质的影响。本研究旨在调查杂草控制技术对圣女果杂草根除、叶片产量和营养品质的影响。研究采用随机完全区组设计，三次重复，调查了九种杂草控制技术，包括黑色、红色和透明聚乙烯地膜、稻壳和锯末地膜、每日清除杂草（DROW）、锄草、施用氟吡甲禾灵苗后除草喷雾剂（PEHS）和不除草。不同除草技术的叶片产量和营养成分有显著差异。使用稻壳和黑色聚乙烯覆盖物处理的地块叶片产量更高。Haloxyfop PEHS 和透明聚乙烯地膜在提高 O. sanctum 的近似物和维生素含量方面更胜一筹，而黑色聚乙烯地膜和 DROW 与其他除草技术相比，除草效率更高。使用聚乙烯地膜作为一种有效的杂草管理方法，可为农业和园艺带来诸多益处。聚乙烯地膜具有保墒、抑制杂草生长和改善作物小气候的作用，是全球农民可持续和经济有效的选择。此外，利用除草剂来开发植物生物合成途径可能会带来化学创新，除根除杂草外，还能改善作物的营养品质。
{"title":"Effect of different weed control techniques on the leaf yield and nutritional qualities of Ocimum sanctum","authors":"Vivian Ogechi Osadebe, Uchenna Noble Ukwu, Nathaniel Dauda, Ifesinachi Martha Nwamba, Amos Ejike Ede, Jacob Ikechukwu Enyi, Anthony Ikechukwu Onah","doi":"10.1111/wbm.12292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wbm.12292","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Ocimum sanctum</jats:italic> is a leaf‐vegetable and spice crop with several nutritional, therapeutic, and curative properties. Economic losses due to weeds have posed a major challenge to farmers, who have adopted different techniques to manage weeds without regard to its effect on the crop's nutritional qualities. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of weed control techniques on weed eradication, leaf yield, and nutritional qualities of <jats:italic>O. sanctum</jats:italic>. Nine weed control techniques comprising black, red, and transparent polyethylene mulches, rice husk and sawdust mulches, daily removal of weed (DROW), hoe‐weeded, application of Haloxyfop post‐emergence herbicide spray (PEHS), and un‐weeded were investigated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant variations in leaf‐yield and nutritional qualities among the different weed control techniques were recorded. Leaf yield was higher in plots treated with rice husk and black polyethylene mulches. Haloxyfop PEHS and transparent polyethylene mulch were superior in enhancing the proximate and vitamin contents of <jats:italic>O. sanctum</jats:italic> while black polyethylene and DROW were more efficient in weed control compared with the other weed control techniques. The use of polyethylene mulch as an effective weed management option offers numerous benefits for agriculture and gardening. Its ability to conserve moisture, suppress weed growth, and improve the crop microclimate, makes it a sustainable and cost‐effective option for farmers globally. Additionally, the use of herbicide to exploit plant biosynthetic pathways could lead to the unearthing of chemical innovations that could in addition to eradicating weed, also improve the nutritional qualities of crop.","PeriodicalId":23536,"journal":{"name":"Weed Biology and Management","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141613200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurudeen Abdul Rahman, Asamoah Larbi, Paul Tanzubil, Fred Kizito, Irmgard Hoeschle‐Zeledon
Low plant density and weed infestation are major challenges for groundnut production in northern Ghana. A two‐year on‐farm study was conducted to determine the effect of plant density and variety on grain and fodder yields, incidence of leaf spot disease, weed species diversity and biomass. A factorial treatment combination of 6 varieties and 4 plant densities laid in strip plot design with 4 replications was used. The varieties were (early maturity type: Chinese, Yenyewoso, Samnut 23 and late maturity type: Azivivi, Manipinta, Samnut 22). The plants density included 9, 11, 15 and 22 plants/m2. The late maturity varieties recorded higher (p < .05) canopy cover, grain and fodder yields relative to that of the early maturity varieties. The late maturity varieties also recorded the least sedge weed species frequency, density and incidence of leaf spot disease compared with that of the early maturity varieties. The canopy cover, grain and fodder yields increased with increasing plant density. Broadleaf weed species frequency and density, weed biomass, richness, and diversity declined with increasing plant density. Grain yield showed negative and significant correlation with broadleaf weed species frequency, density and weed biomass. The results suggest that both early and late maturity groundnut varieties can be planted at a density of 22 plants/m2 to increase grain and fodder yields and reduce weed species richness, diversity and growth in northern Ghana and similar agro‐ecology in West Africa.
{"title":"Plant density and variety effect on yield, leaf spot disease, weed species richness and diversity of groundnut production in northern Ghana","authors":"Nurudeen Abdul Rahman, Asamoah Larbi, Paul Tanzubil, Fred Kizito, Irmgard Hoeschle‐Zeledon","doi":"10.1111/wbm.12287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wbm.12287","url":null,"abstract":"Low plant density and weed infestation are major challenges for groundnut production in northern Ghana. A two‐year on‐farm study was conducted to determine the effect of plant density and variety on grain and fodder yields, incidence of leaf spot disease, weed species diversity and biomass. A factorial treatment combination of 6 varieties and 4 plant densities laid in strip plot design with 4 replications was used. The varieties were (early maturity type: Chinese, Yenyewoso, Samnut 23 and late maturity type: Azivivi, Manipinta, Samnut 22). The plants density included 9, 11, 15 and 22 plants/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>. The late maturity varieties recorded higher (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .05) canopy cover, grain and fodder yields relative to that of the early maturity varieties. The late maturity varieties also recorded the least sedge weed species frequency, density and incidence of leaf spot disease compared with that of the early maturity varieties. The canopy cover, grain and fodder yields increased with increasing plant density. Broadleaf weed species frequency and density, weed biomass, richness, and diversity declined with increasing plant density. Grain yield showed negative and significant correlation with broadleaf weed species frequency, density and weed biomass. The results suggest that both early and late maturity groundnut varieties can be planted at a density of 22 plants/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> to increase grain and fodder yields and reduce weed species richness, diversity and growth in northern Ghana and similar agro‐ecology in West Africa.","PeriodicalId":23536,"journal":{"name":"Weed Biology and Management","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140928235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Anthropocene witnessed the landscape spread of several invasive alien plants which can remarkably influence the ecosystem services and environmental sustainability. To this end, Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) is widely identified among top hundred pervasive invaders in view of its adverse influence on environment, agriculture, and wildlife. The adverse effects of C. odorata can further be exacerbated under the event of invasion interaction with other anthropogenic stressors such as climate change. Nevertheless, there exists dearth of pragmatic studies on invasion ecology, socio-economic impacts, ecological economics, and sustainable management prospects of C. odorata. The present review discusses the invasion ecology, distribution, mechanisms, impacts, and management strategies of C. odorata invasion. The side-effects and unsustainable use of traditional control measures (e.g., controlled fire and chemical herbicides) of C. odorata paves the way to biological control methods (e.g., gall fly). However, the control measures of C. odorata need to be assessed for their long-term ecosystem level effects to mitigate the possible adverse environmental responses. The wise application of C. odorata biomass in marginal lands for soil fertility restoration, biosorption, biorefinery, bio-medicine, and bioenergy in conjunction with ecological control measures can cover economic incentive to facilitate sustainable management of C. odorata in forestry/agroforestry systems. Nevertheless, the use of weed biomass as feedstock in biorefinery and ethno-medicine may be inadequate in reducing its invasion. Future studies should explicitly elucidate the ecological mechanisms of C. odorata in concert with the quest for its field-scale application in biorefinery to augment sustainable management.
{"title":"Ecological insights and environmental threats of invasive alien plant Chromolaena odorata: Prospects for sustainable management","authors":"Prabhat Kumar Rai, Jamuna S. Singh","doi":"10.1111/wbm.12286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wbm.12286","url":null,"abstract":"The Anthropocene witnessed the landscape spread of several invasive alien plants which can remarkably influence the ecosystem services and environmental sustainability. To this end, <i>Chromolaena odorata</i> (Asteraceae) is widely identified among top hundred pervasive invaders in view of its adverse influence on environment, agriculture, and wildlife. The adverse effects of <i>C. odorata</i> can further be exacerbated under the event of invasion interaction with other anthropogenic stressors such as climate change. Nevertheless, there exists dearth of pragmatic studies on invasion ecology, socio-economic impacts, ecological economics, and sustainable management prospects of <i>C. odorata</i>. The present review discusses the invasion ecology, distribution, mechanisms, impacts, and management strategies of <i>C. odorata</i> invasion. The side-effects and unsustainable use of traditional control measures (e.g., controlled fire and chemical herbicides) of <i>C. odorata</i> paves the way to biological control methods (e.g., gall fly). However, the control measures of <i>C. odorata</i> need to be assessed for their long-term ecosystem level effects to mitigate the possible adverse environmental responses. The wise application of <i>C. odorata</i> biomass in marginal lands for soil fertility restoration, biosorption, biorefinery, bio-medicine, and bioenergy in conjunction with ecological control measures can cover economic incentive to facilitate sustainable management of <i>C. odorata</i> in forestry/agroforestry systems. Nevertheless, the use of weed biomass as feedstock in biorefinery and ethno-medicine may be inadequate in reducing its invasion. Future studies should explicitly elucidate the ecological mechanisms of <i>C. odorata</i> in concert with the quest for its field-scale application in biorefinery to augment sustainable management.","PeriodicalId":23536,"journal":{"name":"Weed Biology and Management","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140032926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renan Ricardo Zandoná, Dirceu Agostinetto, Maicon Fernando Schimitz, Mário Antônio Bianchi, Simone Puntel, André da Rosa Ulguim
Three-lobe morning glory (Ipomoea triloba L.) is an annual weed, which presents vigorous growth, long cycle, and tolerance to glyphosate. Thus, knowledge of aspects related to germination and behavior in the seed bank of this species are essential for the adoption of appropriate management practices to reduce the population in agricultural fields. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize the requirements for three-lobe morning glory germination, perform field emergence modeling using thermal and hydrothermal time models, and determine the longevity of the seed bank. Eight temperatures and 10 water potentials were tested in the laboratory to determine the base temperature and water potential for seed germination. For the modeling of the emergence, field experiments were conducted between the years 2014 and 2018 considering three sampling times (10/20, 11/10, and 12/01), which coincide with the sowing times of summer annual crops. To evaluate the longevity and persistence of the seed bank, a factorial experiment was conducted in which factor A consisted of three burial depths and factor B consisted of five harvesting times. Base values for three-lobe morning glory emergence are base, optimum, and maximum temperatures of 12.32, 29.82, and 43.31°C, respectively, and base water potential of −0.80 MPa. Both models are adequate to predict the emergence of three-lobe morning glory in the three sampling times. The species has a persistent seed bank, in which the greater the depth of seed burial, the greater the longevity of the seed bank, and can remain viable for up to 16 months.
{"title":"Emergence modeling of three-lobe morning glory (Ipomoea triloba L.) and demographic parameters of seed longevity and persistence in the soil","authors":"Renan Ricardo Zandoná, Dirceu Agostinetto, Maicon Fernando Schimitz, Mário Antônio Bianchi, Simone Puntel, André da Rosa Ulguim","doi":"10.1111/wbm.12283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wbm.12283","url":null,"abstract":"Three-lobe morning glory (<i>Ipomoea triloba</i> L.) is an annual weed, which presents vigorous growth, long cycle, and tolerance to glyphosate. Thus, knowledge of aspects related to germination and behavior in the seed bank of this species are essential for the adoption of appropriate management practices to reduce the population in agricultural fields. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize the requirements for three-lobe morning glory germination, perform field emergence modeling using thermal and hydrothermal time models, and determine the longevity of the seed bank. Eight temperatures and 10 water potentials were tested in the laboratory to determine the base temperature and water potential for seed germination. For the modeling of the emergence, field experiments were conducted between the years 2014 and 2018 considering three sampling times (10/20, 11/10, and 12/01), which coincide with the sowing times of summer annual crops. To evaluate the longevity and persistence of the seed bank, a factorial experiment was conducted in which factor A consisted of three burial depths and factor B consisted of five harvesting times. Base values for three-lobe morning glory emergence are base, optimum, and maximum temperatures of 12.32, 29.82, and 43.31°C, respectively, and base water potential of −0.80 MPa. Both models are adequate to predict the emergence of three-lobe morning glory in the three sampling times. The species has a persistent seed bank, in which the greater the depth of seed burial, the greater the longevity of the seed bank, and can remain viable for up to 16 months.","PeriodicalId":23536,"journal":{"name":"Weed Biology and Management","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139918290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spread of morning glory (Ipomoea spp.) in Japanese soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) fields has severely decreased soybean yields. Field levees are believed to be a source of this invasion. The introduction of Zoysia japonica Steud. is expected to suppress weed growth and reduce the required labor for weed management on the levees. In this study, field experiments were conducted on the soybean levees of turf (Z. japonica), bare, and weed (mainly broad leaf weeds such as white clover) from 2017 to 2019 to compare its effects on the occurrence, growth, and seed production of I. hederacea (L.) Jacq. var. integriuscula A. Gray. The canopy height in the turf levee was the lowest, and the vegetation cover rate was the highest. At the flowering and fruiting stage of I. hederacea var. integriuscula (September), the largest number of I. hederacea var. integriuscula that survived were on the turf levee; however, the plant length, dry weight, and the number of fruits were the least. Additionally, the stems of the morning glory on the turf levee were slight and spindly, and their growth and seed productivity were suppressed. Consequently, vegetation conversion to Z. japonica on the soybean field levees can be an effective strategy to suppress the colonization and growth of morning glory, thereby, improving soybean yields.
日本大豆（Glycine max (L.) Merr.）田中牵牛花（Ipomoea spp.）的蔓延严重降低了大豆产量。田间堤坝被认为是这种入侵的源头。引入 Zoysia japonica Steud.有望抑制杂草生长，减少堤坝上杂草管理所需的劳动力。本研究从 2017 年到 2019 年在大豆堤坝上进行了草皮（Z. japonica）、裸草和杂草（主要是白三叶等阔叶杂草）的田间试验，以比较其对 I. hederacea (L.) Jacq. var. integriuscula A. Gray 的发生、生长和种子产量的影响。草皮堤坝的树冠高度最低，植被覆盖率最高。在 I. hederacea var. integriuscula 的开花结果期（9 月），草皮堤坝上存活的 I. hederacea var. integriuscula 数量最多，但植株长度、干重和果实数量最少。此外，草皮堤坝上的牵牛花茎干细弱，生长和种子产量受到抑制。因此，在大豆田堤坝上改种牵牛花可以有效抑制牵牛花的定殖和生长，从而提高大豆产量。
{"title":"Suppression of entireleaf morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. var. integriuscula A. Gray) growth by lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) on soybean field levees in southwestern Japan","authors":"Hidenori Asami, Akihide Fushimi, Koki Homma","doi":"10.1111/wbm.12284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wbm.12284","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of morning glory (<i>Ipomoea</i> spp.) in Japanese soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.) fields has severely decreased soybean yields. Field levees are believed to be a source of this invasion. The introduction of <i>Zoysia japonica</i> Steud. is expected to suppress weed growth and reduce the required labor for weed management on the levees. In this study, field experiments were conducted on the soybean levees of turf (<i>Z. japonica</i>), bare, and weed (mainly broad leaf weeds such as white clover) from 2017 to 2019 to compare its effects on the occurrence, growth, and seed production of <i>I. hederacea</i> (L.) Jacq. var. <i>integriuscula</i> A. Gray. The canopy height in the turf levee was the lowest, and the vegetation cover rate was the highest. At the flowering and fruiting stage of <i>I. hederacea</i> var. <i>integriuscula</i> (September), the largest number of <i>I. hederacea</i> var. <i>integriuscula</i> that survived were on the turf levee; however, the plant length, dry weight, and the number of fruits were the least. Additionally, the stems of the morning glory on the turf levee were slight and spindly, and their growth and seed productivity were suppressed. Consequently, vegetation conversion to <i>Z. japonica</i> on the soybean field levees can be an effective strategy to suppress the colonization and growth of morning glory, thereby, improving soybean yields.","PeriodicalId":23536,"journal":{"name":"Weed Biology and Management","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139918161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haibing Xiao, Hongqiang Dong, Yongsheng Yao, Hongzu Feng, Ali Abid, Muhammad Asam Riaz, Minglu Yang
This study was conducted to investigate weed infestations of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fields in the region of Tarim River. Forty-nine species among 17 families were identified in these cotton fields, and 24 of them were annuals. The eight dominant weed species in the cotton fields of Tarim River basin included Chenopodium glaucum, Solanum nigrum, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Bolboschoenus planiculmis, Sonchus arvensis, Phragmites australis, and Mulgedium tataricum. The number of weed species in the Aksu River tributary area, Yeerqiang River tributary area, and the upper and lower reaches of the Tarim River reached 29, 36, 35, and 33, respectively. Twenty species were found widely distributed among each basin. The dominant weeds in the cotton fields in the Aksu River basin and upper reaches of the Tarim River were S. nigrum and C. glaucum, those in the cotton fields in the Yarkand River basin included C. album and C. hybridum, and those in the cotton fields in the lower reaches of the Tarim River were C. glaucum and C. album. Notably the 20 common surveyed species of C. glaucum, S. nigrum, C. album, C. hybridum, B. planiculmis, S. arvensis, P. australis, M. tataricum, and others, could pose a serious challenge to regional crop production if not adequately controlled. As such, each cotton field should adopt a suitable weeding scheme with strengthened weed monitoring according to the local conditions, especially the weed distribution area characteristics.
{"title":"Weed survey on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fields in the Tarim River region of southern Xinjiang","authors":"Haibing Xiao, Hongqiang Dong, Yongsheng Yao, Hongzu Feng, Ali Abid, Muhammad Asam Riaz, Minglu Yang","doi":"10.1111/wbm.12278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wbm.12278","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate weed infestations of cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) fields in the region of Tarim River. Forty-nine species among 17 families were identified in these cotton fields, and 24 of them were annuals. The eight dominant weed species in the cotton fields of Tarim River basin included <i>Chenopodium glaucum</i>, <i>Solanum nigrum</i>, <i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Chenopodium hybridum</i>, <i>Bolboschoenus planiculmis</i>, <i>Sonchus arvensis</i>, <i>Phragmites australis</i>, and <i>Mulgedium tataricum</i>. The number of weed species in the Aksu River tributary area, Yeerqiang River tributary area, and the upper and lower reaches of the Tarim River reached 29, 36, 35, and 33, respectively. Twenty species were found widely distributed among each basin. The dominant weeds in the cotton fields in the Aksu River basin and upper reaches of the Tarim River were <i>S. nigrum</i> and <i>C. glaucum</i>, those in the cotton fields in the Yarkand River basin included <i>C. album</i> and <i>C. hybridum</i>, and those in the cotton fields in the lower reaches of the Tarim River were <i>C. glaucum</i> and <i>C. album.</i> Notably the 20 common surveyed species of <i>C. glaucum</i>, <i>S. nigrum</i>, <i>C. album</i>, <i>C. hybridum</i>, <i>B. planiculmis</i>, <i>S. arvensis</i>, <i>P. australis</i>, <i>M. tataricum</i>, and others, could pose a serious challenge to regional crop production if not adequately controlled. As such, each cotton field should adopt a suitable weeding scheme with strengthened weed monitoring according to the local conditions, especially the weed distribution area characteristics.","PeriodicalId":23536,"journal":{"name":"Weed Biology and Management","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139476447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weeds are a major threat in unpuddled transplanted rice during rainy seasons. To manage weeds by using Sesbania residue green mulch, rice straw mulch and post emergence herbicides in an integrated way, an experiment was conducted in a split plot at Varanasi during the rainy season of 2017 and 2018. The experiment was taken with three mulching treatments in main plots, namely, no mulching (NM), cover crop of Sesbania aculeatea followed by its green residue mulch (SRGM) and rice straw mulch (RRM) in inter rows and five weed management treatments, namely, weedy, hand weeding twice (HWT), post emergence application of bispyribac 25 g a.i ha−1 (BP), penoxsulam 30 g a.i ha−1 (PX), bispyribac 25 g a.i ha−1 + pyrazosulfuron 20 g a.i ha−1 (BP + PS) in subplots replicated thrice. SRGM and RRM were noted to be successful in reducing density and biomass of grasses including Echinochloa colona and sedges and total weed (59% and 49%) biomass compared to NM under weedy conditions. Mulching, integrated with post emergence herbicides proved its potency in not only weed reduction but is also in yield enhancement.
杂草是雨季未灌浆移栽水稻的主要威胁。为了综合利用芝麻渣绿色地膜、稻草地膜和出苗后除草剂来管理杂草，2017 年和 2018 年雨季期间，在瓦拉纳西进行了一项分小区试验。试验在主地块采用了三种地膜覆盖处理，即无地膜覆盖（NM）、在行间采用芝麻覆盖作物及其绿色残留物地膜覆盖（SRGM）和水稻秸秆地膜覆盖（RRM），以及五种杂草管理处理，即杂草丛生、人工除草两次（HWT）、出苗后施用双草醚 25 g a. i ha-1（BP）、施用水稻秸秆地膜覆盖（RRM）和施用除草剂。i ha-1 (BP)、五氟磺草胺 30 g a.i ha-1 (PX)、双嘧磺草胺 25 g a.i ha-1 + 吡唑嘧磺隆 20 g a.i ha-1 (BP + PS)。与杂草丛生条件下的 NM 相比，SRGM 和 RRM 成功地降低了禾本科杂草（包括 Echinochloa colona 和莎草）的密度和生物量以及杂草总生物量（59% 和 49%）。事实证明，地膜覆盖与出苗后除草剂相结合，不仅能减少杂草，还能提高产量。
{"title":"Studies on Sesbania, rice residue mulching and post emergence herbicides on weed growth and yield in unpuddled transplanted hybrid rice","authors":"Sneha Kumari, Manoj Kumar Singh, Udaya Lakshmi Dendukuri","doi":"10.1111/wbm.12277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wbm.12277","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds are a major threat in unpuddled transplanted rice during rainy seasons. To manage weeds by using <i>Sesbania</i> residue green mulch, rice straw mulch and post emergence herbicides in an integrated way, an experiment was conducted in a split plot at Varanasi during the rainy season of 2017 and 2018. The experiment was taken with three mulching treatments in main plots, namely, no mulching (NM), cover crop of <i>Sesbania aculeatea</i> followed by its green residue mulch (SRGM) and rice straw mulch (RRM) in inter rows and five weed management treatments, namely, weedy, hand weeding twice (HWT), post emergence application of bispyribac 25 g a.i ha<sup>−1</sup> (BP), penoxsulam 30 g a.i ha<sup>−1</sup> (PX), bispyribac 25 g a.i ha<sup>−1</sup> + pyrazosulfuron 20 g a.i ha<sup>−1</sup> (BP + PS) in subplots replicated thrice. SRGM and RRM were noted to be successful in reducing density and biomass of grasses including <i>Echinochloa colona</i> and sedges and total weed (59% and 49%) biomass compared to NM under weedy conditions. Mulching, integrated with post emergence herbicides proved its potency in not only weed reduction but is also in yield enhancement.","PeriodicalId":23536,"journal":{"name":"Weed Biology and Management","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138553369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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