{"title":"Reciprocal transplant experiments testing the performance of common and early flowering types of Imperata cylindrica\u0000 in Japan","authors":"Y. Nomura, K. Yasuda, A. Nishiwaki, T. Tominaga","doi":"10.1111/WBM.12164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/WBM.12164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23536,"journal":{"name":"Weed Biology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/WBM.12164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46382268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Germination characteristics of Sagittaria trifolia","authors":"Y. Ozaki, Yoshiko Shimono, T. Tominaga","doi":"10.1111/WBM.12162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/WBM.12162","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23536,"journal":{"name":"Weed Biology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/WBM.12162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42545280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Camara, A. Dieng, M. Diaw, G. Mergeai, J. Bindelle
Weed management is a major challenge for smallholders’ adoption of conservation agriculture techniques. The phytological composition and weed biomass in five direct‐seeding cropping systems based on the millet–groundnut rotation, with permanent cover provided by Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub., were evaluated after 3 years in western Senegal. A transect was used to determine the phytological composition. The weed biomass was measured in five quadrats in the middle and at the end of the plant growth cycle. This study shows that S. hamata ground cover does not allow the effective control of weeds; high weed infestation was recorded in all direct‐seeding cropping systems (58–75% of the ground cover). A high diversity of weed species was observed in all treatments, dominated by Eragrostis ssp. and Dactyloctenium aegyptium Beauv. Cutting back and removing the aboveground biomass reduced the ground cover provided by S. hamata, lowered the weed species diversity and favored heliophilous species such as Eragrostis tremula but did not reduce weed infestation. Animal manure application did not, in the short term, affect the composition or structure of the weed species. However, it favored weed development and increased aboveground biomass. In the long term, this could affect weed seedbank and structure. Cutting back and removing the aboveground biomass of S. hamata resulted in lower weed diversity and higher crop yield. To achieve effective weed control, additional research on management techniques that would focus on the combination of cutting back vegetation and weeding along the crop seeding line will be needed.
{"title":"Effect of management practices for Stylosanthes hamata\u0000 (L.) Taub. biomass cover on the weed species in different direct-seeding, mulch-based cropping systems","authors":"A. Camara, A. Dieng, M. Diaw, G. Mergeai, J. Bindelle","doi":"10.1111/WBM.12158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/WBM.12158","url":null,"abstract":"Weed management is a major challenge for smallholders’ adoption of conservation agriculture techniques. The phytological composition and weed biomass in five direct‐seeding cropping systems based on the millet–groundnut rotation, with permanent cover provided by Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub., were evaluated after 3 years in western Senegal. A transect was used to determine the phytological composition. The weed biomass was measured in five quadrats in the middle and at the end of the plant growth cycle. This study shows that S. hamata ground cover does not allow the effective control of weeds; high weed infestation was recorded in all direct‐seeding cropping systems (58–75% of the ground cover). A high diversity of weed species was observed in all treatments, dominated by Eragrostis ssp. and Dactyloctenium aegyptium Beauv. Cutting back and removing the aboveground biomass reduced the ground cover provided by S. hamata, lowered the weed species diversity and favored heliophilous species such as Eragrostis tremula but did not reduce weed infestation. Animal manure application did not, in the short term, affect the composition or structure of the weed species. However, it favored weed development and increased aboveground biomass. In the long term, this could affect weed seedbank and structure. Cutting back and removing the aboveground biomass of S. hamata resulted in lower weed diversity and higher crop yield. To achieve effective weed control, additional research on management techniques that would focus on the combination of cutting back vegetation and weeding along the crop seeding line will be needed.","PeriodicalId":23536,"journal":{"name":"Weed Biology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/WBM.12158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48950719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NARO International Symposium on Weedy Rice","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/wbm.12153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wbm.12153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23536,"journal":{"name":"Weed Biology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/wbm.12153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44774315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesmin Akter, M. Islam, Kensaku Takara, M. Hossain, S. Gima, D. Hou
{"title":"Plant growth inhibitors in turmeric (\u0000 Curcuma longa\u0000 ) and their effects on\u0000 Bidens pilosa","authors":"Jesmin Akter, M. Islam, Kensaku Takara, M. Hossain, S. Gima, D. Hou","doi":"10.1111/WBM.12157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/WBM.12157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23536,"journal":{"name":"Weed Biology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/WBM.12157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44969089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tadayyon, M. Zafarian, S. Fallah, M. Bazoubandi
{"title":"Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal symbiosis for control of Egyptian broomrape (\u0000 Orobanche aegyptiaca\u0000 Pers.) in tomato (\u0000 \u0000 Lycopersicon esculentum\u0000 \u0000 L.) cultivation","authors":"A. Tadayyon, M. Zafarian, S. Fallah, M. Bazoubandi","doi":"10.1111/WBM.12155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/WBM.12155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23536,"journal":{"name":"Weed Biology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/WBM.12155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45462389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kurata, Y. Niinomi, Yoshiko Shimono, M. Miyashita, T. Tominaga
In Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, glyphosate-resistant Lolium multiflorum is a serious problem on the levees of rice paddies and in wheat fields. The mechanism of resistance of this biotype was analyzed. Based on LD50, the resistant population was 2.8–5.0 times more resistant to glyphosate than the susceptible population. The 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene sequence of the resistant biotype did not show a non-synonymous substitution at Pro106, and amplification of the gene was not observed in the resistant biotype. The metabolism and translocation of glyphosate were examined 4 days after application through the direct detection of glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) using liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). AMPA was not detected in either biotype in glyphosate-treated leaves or the other plant parts. The respective absorption rates of the susceptible and resistant biotypes were 37.90 3.63% and 41.09 3.36%, respectively, which were not significantly different. The resistant biotype retained more glyphosate in a glyphosate-treated leaf (91.36 1.56% of absorbed glyphosate) and less in the untreated parts of shoots (5.90 1.17%) and roots (2.76 0.44%) compared with the susceptible biotype, 79.58 3.73%, 15.77 3.06% and 4.65 0.89%, respectively. The results indicate that the resistance mechanism is neither the acquisition of a metabolic system nor limiting the absorption of glyphosate but limited translocation of the herbicide in the resistant biotype of L. multiflorum in Shizuoka Prefecture.
{"title":"Non‐target‐site mechanism of glyphosate resistance in Italian ryegrass (\u0000 \u0000 Lolium multiflorum\u0000 \u0000 )","authors":"K. Kurata, Y. Niinomi, Yoshiko Shimono, M. Miyashita, T. Tominaga","doi":"10.1111/wbm.12156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/wbm.12156","url":null,"abstract":"In Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, glyphosate-resistant Lolium multiflorum is a serious problem on the levees of rice paddies and in wheat fields. The mechanism of resistance of this biotype was analyzed. Based on LD50, the resistant population was 2.8–5.0 times more resistant to glyphosate than the susceptible population. The 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene sequence of the resistant biotype did not show a non-synonymous substitution at Pro106, and amplification of the gene was not observed in the resistant biotype. The metabolism and translocation of glyphosate were examined 4 days after application through the direct detection of glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) using liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). AMPA was not detected in either biotype in glyphosate-treated leaves or the other plant parts. The respective absorption rates of the susceptible and resistant biotypes were 37.90 3.63% and 41.09 3.36%, respectively, which were not significantly different. The resistant biotype retained more glyphosate in a glyphosate-treated leaf (91.36 1.56% of absorbed glyphosate) and less in the untreated parts of shoots (5.90 1.17%) and roots (2.76 0.44%) compared with the susceptible biotype, 79.58 3.73%, 15.77 3.06% and 4.65 0.89%, respectively. The results indicate that the resistance mechanism is neither the acquisition of a metabolic system nor limiting the absorption of glyphosate but limited translocation of the herbicide in the resistant biotype of L. multiflorum in Shizuoka Prefecture.","PeriodicalId":23536,"journal":{"name":"Weed Biology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/wbm.12156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41888331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cleome viscosa is one of the most important weeds of warm‐season crops in southern Iran. Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the impact of environmental factors on seed germination of C. viscosa. Freshly harvested seeds exhibited dormancy that was relieved (>90%) after immersion for 20 min in concentrated sulfuric acid. Regardless of the temperature regime, the final percentage of germination in light/dark (69.3%) was significantly higher than in complete darkness (58.3%). The optimum temperature for germination was 35/25°C in both light and dark. No germination was observed at constant temperatures of either 15 or 45°C. The thermal thresholds for seed germination, the base (Tb) and the mean ceiling germination temperatures (Tc₍₅₀₎) were estimated to be 18.8 and 39.9°C, respectively. A base water potential (Ψb₍₅₀₎) of −0.96 MPa was identified for C. viscosa seeds. The response threshold of C. viscosa to reduce 50% of maximum germination for salinity was estimated to be 255 mM. Seeds that were placed on the soil surface had the highest percentage of seedling emergence (77.3%), and no seedlings emerged from seeds placed at a depth of 6 cm. The findings of this study could help to improve the integrated weed management strategies for this species.
{"title":"Asian spiderflower (\u0000 Cleome viscosa\u0000 ) germination ecology in southern Iran","authors":"E. Elahifard, A. Derakhshan","doi":"10.1111/WBM.12154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/WBM.12154","url":null,"abstract":"Cleome viscosa is one of the most important weeds of warm‐season crops in southern Iran. Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the impact of environmental factors on seed germination of C. viscosa. Freshly harvested seeds exhibited dormancy that was relieved (>90%) after immersion for 20 min in concentrated sulfuric acid. Regardless of the temperature regime, the final percentage of germination in light/dark (69.3%) was significantly higher than in complete darkness (58.3%). The optimum temperature for germination was 35/25°C in both light and dark. No germination was observed at constant temperatures of either 15 or 45°C. The thermal thresholds for seed germination, the base (Tb) and the mean ceiling germination temperatures (Tc₍₅₀₎) were estimated to be 18.8 and 39.9°C, respectively. A base water potential (Ψb₍₅₀₎) of −0.96 MPa was identified for C. viscosa seeds. The response threshold of C. viscosa to reduce 50% of maximum germination for salinity was estimated to be 255 mM. Seeds that were placed on the soil surface had the highest percentage of seedling emergence (77.3%), and no seedlings emerged from seeds placed at a depth of 6 cm. The findings of this study could help to improve the integrated weed management strategies for this species.","PeriodicalId":23536,"journal":{"name":"Weed Biology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/WBM.12154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43028456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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