Urologia Journal最新文献

Introduction: The most prevalent cancer in men is prostate cancer (PCa). One significant discovery involves attacking tumors with mutations in DNA damage repair genes via the blockage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes. In this study, we provide a summary of the present research status of PARP inhibitors in PCa, highlighting areas of interest and emerging trends.

Method: Our search covered the Scopus database for literature on PARP inhibitors in PCa up to the year 2023. We conducted a scientometric review using VOSviewer to evaluate the output across countries, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords.

Results: The study included 1850 articles on PARP inhibitors in prostate cancer (PCa) published until 2023, with medicine, biochemistry, and pharmacology being the most represented subject areas. The United States led in publication volume (n = 800, 43.2%), followed by the United Kingdom (n = 281, 15.2%) and China (n = 198, 10.7%), and also achieved the highest total citations and H-index. A positive correlation was identified between publication volume and gross domestic product (GDP; r = 0.843, p < 0.001). Antonarakis, E.S., from the United States, ranked as the most prolific author (49 publications) and achieved the highest H-index, while Mateo, J. was the most cited. The Institute of Cancer Research emerged as the most active institution, publishing 91 articles, and the journal Cancers contributed the highest number with 99 articles. In keyword analysis, "prostate cancer" and "PARP inhibitors" were the most used terms, forming six thematic clusters. Citation and co-citation analysis highlighted the influential role of high-impact journals like New England Journal of Medicine and Journal of Clinical Oncology.

Conclusion: The United States has taken the lead in this sector by making the largest contribution in terms of overall publications. Although international partnerships are occurring globally, there is a need for more assistance and expansion of research on PAPR inhibitors in PCa, particularly in underdeveloped nations. This study offers assistance to medical professionals, scientists, and surgery assistants on the worldwide results of PAPR inhibitors in PCa research.

Purpose: Assessing the association between Testosterone (T)-level in patients with urethral stricture (US) and its effect on surgery outcome.

Methods: This prospective study includes 70 cases of developing US disease and anastomotic Urethroplasty. All patients underwent retrograde and voiding urethrography, pelvi-abdominal ultrasound, and T (free and total) measurements.

Results: A significant negative association was found between free T, age, and post-void residual volume (PVR) pre. Also, a positive association between free T and Hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Besides, an association between wound infection and total T. There was a significant lower in PVR and higher in Q-max post-urethroplasty than pre-urethroplasty. International prostate symptom score (IPSS) showed a significant decrease in post-urethroplasty and at 3 months follow up than pre-urethroplasty (p < 0.05). Diabetes mellitus, free, and total T showed significant differences between the studied groups. Also, it can predict failure results respectively at cut-off ⩽123.75 and ⩽765.8 with 85.70% sensitivity, 98.40%, and 88.90% specificity.

Conclusions: Diabetic status, wound infection, and free and total T significantly affect the success rate in patients with the US, while preoperative PVR, Q-max, and IPSS did not affect the success rate.

Introduction: To study the impact of rectal swab culture based targeted antimicrobial prophylaxis on infectious complications in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital at Kolkata, we compared the incidence of infectious complications in men who received rectal swab cultured based targeted prophylaxis versus empirical antibiotics prophylaxis who underwent transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. The targeted prophylactic antibiotics were selected from rectal culture swab plated on selected media containing ciprofloxacin to identify fluoroquinolone resistance, patients with infectious complications within 30 days of prostate biopsy were taken into consideration.

Results: Twenty-four out of the 50 patients (48%) harbored FQ resistant organisms. Only three patients (6%) in the targeted prophylaxis group had infectious complications of UTI and Low-grade fever. In contrast, 6 (12%) of the 50 men undergoing the procedure without culture had infectious complications, two of these (4%) had sepsis.

Conclusion: Frequently used fluoroquinolone prophylaxis fails to give adequate cover because of high rate of fluoroquinolone resistance of the rectal organism. Rectal swab derived antibiotics prophylaxis can reduce post biopsy infectious complications significantly.

This systematic and bibliometric review synthesizes current knowledge of the relationship between cycling, renal and urological health. A comprehensive search of databases from 2000 to 2023 yielded 38 relevant studies. Bibliometric analysis revealed research trends, key institutions, authors, and countries that contributed to this field. This review discusses the benefits and risks associated with cycling. Benefits included improved cardiovascular health and metabolic function. However, cycling was also associated with urological symptoms, particularly in women, and with risks of erectile dysfunction and genital numbness in both genders. Mountain biking demonstrated higher rates of scrotal pathologies. Saddle design, riding position, and cycling intensity significantly influenced perineal pressure and potential urological issues. Renal biomarkers indicated dehydration, muscle damage, and potential renal insufficiencies in cyclists, especially after prolonged and intense activity. Elevated inflammatory markers and reduced glomerular filtration rates were observed post-cycling. Sodium intake and L-tryptophan supplementation demonstrated positive effects on fatigue reduction and recovery. The review identified research gaps, including limited long-term studies and inconsistent methodologies. Future research should focus on the relationship between high-volume cycling and prostate cancer risk, optimizing bicycle design to reduce urological issues, and developing reliable methods to measure saddle pressure effects on renal health. This review provided valuable insights for cyclists, health professionals, and researchers, emphasizing the need for awareness of potential health impacts and the importance of proper equipment and techniques to minimize risks while maximizing cycling benefits.

Purpose: To assess and compare the safety and efficacy of supracostal and subcostal access percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for isolated upper pole stones, we designed a prospective randomized clinical trial.

Materials and methods: A prospective randomized study of 76 patients (18-65 years old) was conducted from January 2024 to September 2024 on isolated upper calyceal renal stones at a medical teaching hospital. The eligible participants were divided into subcostal and supracostal access for PCNL groups (38 patients per group). The measured variables included age, sex, body mass index, stone size, comorbidities, procedure time, stone-free rate, hospital stay, and complications (modified Clavien Dindo grading).

Results: Of 76 patients, 47 were male and 29 female, with a mean age of 47 and 53 years for the subcostal and supracostal groups, respectively. The mean stone size was 27.38 and 28.89 mm in the two studied groups, respectively. The mean operation and fluoroscopy time, hospital stay, laboratory data, and complications had no significant difference between the two investigated groups.

Conclusion: Unlike the traditional view, supracostal access during PCNL is safe and effective and is not associated with a higher incidence of postoperative complications. However, both procedures were performed by skilled surgeons, so surgeons should have sufficient training and choose the proper method for each patient individually to minimize complications and obtain the best results. Further studies with a large number of cases are recommended.

Objective: This study investigates the diagnostic potential of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) and NM23A as biomarkers for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), focusing on their ability to facilitate early detection and improve diagnostic precision.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over 24 months, enrolling patients with RCC, benign renal tumors, and healthy controls. Biomarker levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Diagnostic performance was evaluated through statistical analyses, including ROC curve analysis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Additionally, machine learning models such as Random Forest and Gradient Boosting were employed to identify key predictors of RCC.

Results: NNMT and NM23A demonstrated significant diagnostic accuracy, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.933 and 0.915, respectively. Both biomarkers showed substantial differences across RCC, benign, and control groups (p < 0.001). Machine learning analyses highlighted NNMT as the most influential predictor for RCC diagnosis, further supporting its clinical relevance.

Conclusions: NNMT and NM23A emerge as promising non-invasive biomarkers for RCC, offering substantial diagnostic accuracy and reducing reliance on invasive procedures. Their integration into clinical workflows, supported by advanced machine learning methodologies, could transform RCC diagnostics. Further research with diverse populations is recommended to validate these findings and expand their clinical applicability.

Purpose: Compared to other overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms, incontinence has a more negative impact on quality of life and is frequently challenging to treat with antimuscarinic monotherapy. This study's goal was to compare the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of a combination of solifenacin 5 mg and mirabegron 25 mg or 50 mg versus solifenacin 5 mg in patients with OAB.

Material and methods: In a tertiary care hospital, 258 individuals with overactive bladders participated in a randomised controlled open-label research to examine the safety and efficacy of mirabegron as a supplement to solifenacin. Randomisation was used to assign patients to one of three groups: those receiving solifenacin (5 mg) with mirabegron (25 mg), solifenacin (5 mg) plus mirabegron (50 mg) or solifenacin (5 mg) monotherapy. OABSS was used to examine the patients. A change in the OABSS from baseline to end of treatment (EOT) was the main outcome measure. This research also examined the safety and tolerability of combination treatment in comparison to solifenacin monotherapy.

Results: All combinations with solifenacin five substantially improved the OAB symptoms score as compared to solifenacin 5 mg monotherapy. When compared to solifenacin 5 mg, both combination groups significantly decreased the frequency of micturition. Although there were no dose-related differences between the combination and monotherapy groups in terms of TEAEs, blood pressure, pulse rate, PVR volume, or laboratory or ECG parameters, combination medication did result in a slightly higher frequency of constipation.

Conclusions: When compared to solifenacin 5 mg monotherapy, combination therapy with solifenacin/mirabegron markedly improved OABSS, micturition frequency, and urgency. When compared to monotherapy, all combinations were well tolerated and showed no significant extra safety concerns.