Sanja Arko Kariolić, Đani Šabalja, R. Ivce, A. Zekić
Fire is one of the most dangerous types of an accident that might happen to a ship, highly harmful to the crew as well as to the ship itself, high temperature, toxic vapours and gases are created (generated) by the combustion of a combustible material. In addition to human casualties, a material damage was also included in the fire. Therefore, a significant role of the fire protection is timely notification of fire, enabling the quick intervention, the damage reduction and engagement of people and equipment. The possibilities of fire protection improvement are carefully studied by the authors on RO-RO ships. The aim is to point out the importance of fire protection preventive measures. The analysis of the article is based on the road tunnels fire alarm system and the possibilities of application on RO-RO ships. The authors have been suggesting the use of an optical sensor cable in garages on RO-RO ships as the main type of fire alarm system detectors.
{"title":"Contribution for the Fire Protection Improvement on RO-RO Ships","authors":"Sanja Arko Kariolić, Đani Šabalja, R. Ivce, A. Zekić","doi":"10.56080/jms230508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56080/jms230508","url":null,"abstract":"Fire is one of the most dangerous types of an accident that might happen to a ship, highly harmful to the crew as well as to the ship itself, high temperature, toxic vapours and gases are created (generated) by the combustion of a combustible material. In addition to human casualties, a material damage was also included in the fire. Therefore, a significant role of the fire protection is timely notification of fire, enabling the quick intervention, the damage reduction and engagement of people and equipment. The possibilities of fire protection improvement are carefully studied by the authors on RO-RO ships. The aim is to point out the importance of fire protection preventive measures. The analysis of the article is based on the road tunnels fire alarm system and the possibilities of application on RO-RO ships. The authors have been suggesting the use of an optical sensor cable in garages on RO-RO ships as the main type of fire alarm system detectors.","PeriodicalId":236082,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Pomorskog fakulteta Kotor - Journal of Maritime Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132776777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper examines the newly proclaimed Italian Exclusive Economic Zone and its impact on the delimitation of the maritime boundaries between Italy and Montenegro. By Law No. 91 of 14 June 2021, published in the Official Journal No. 148 of 23 June 2021, the Italian Parliament proclaimed its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), to allow Italy to fully project its economic rights over an area of the sea extending up to 200 miles from its shores or up to the limit allowed by international law. In line with the trend of progressive extension of the jurisdiction of coastal states in waters beyond their territorial sea in the Mediterranean, this measure is taken in compliance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to allow the country to protect its economic activities, and biodiversity protection. Anyway, even if the law authorizes the EEZ establishment, a further ad hoc measure is required to this aim. Its delimitation will take place primarily based on agreements: Italy is supposed to negotiate new agreements with the neighboring Countries, including Montenegro, in order to define its boundaries.
{"title":"The New Italian Exclusive Economic Zone and Italy-Montenegro Maritime Boundary Delimitation","authors":"V. Eboli","doi":"10.56080/jms230506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56080/jms230506","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the newly proclaimed Italian Exclusive Economic Zone and its impact on the delimitation of the maritime boundaries between Italy and Montenegro. By Law No. 91 of 14 June 2021, published in the Official Journal No. 148 of 23 June 2021, the Italian Parliament proclaimed its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), to allow Italy to fully project its economic rights over an area of the sea extending up to 200 miles from its shores or up to the limit allowed by international law. In line with the trend of progressive extension of the jurisdiction of coastal states in waters beyond their territorial sea in the Mediterranean, this measure is taken in compliance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to allow the country to protect its economic activities, and biodiversity protection. Anyway, even if the law authorizes the EEZ establishment, a further ad hoc measure is required to this aim. Its delimitation will take place primarily based on agreements: Italy is supposed to negotiate new agreements with the neighboring Countries, including Montenegro, in order to define its boundaries.","PeriodicalId":236082,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Pomorskog fakulteta Kotor - Journal of Maritime Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121949618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
International Maritime Organization (IMO) and regional authorities have been gradually introducing decarbonization policies and regulations. Shipping sector’s primary response remains the reduction of the cruising speed. Other solutions can include hull optimization, application of energy saving devices, alternative fuels. Alternative fuels are still under the development and could significantly reduce emissions, through the application of batteries, hydrogen, ammonia, etc. However, domestic voyages by ferries have not been exposed to the regulations’ scrutiny. Nevertheless, in the regions such as the Bay of Kotor (Montenegro), protected by UNESCO, maritime transport is expected to follow environmental policies. In order to encourage the decarbonization of such regions, this paper offers a preliminary concept solution of an electric ferry for the Bay of Kotor with reduced onboard emissions. The concept is based on available data on the most energy demanding ferry in Bay of Kotor that has operated for the past decade. The ferry follows the short route suitable for the application of electric drive. Analysis of an operational profile and the ferry concept design parameters are presented, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of electric ferry proposal.
{"title":"Decarbonizing the Bay of Kotor: Preliminary Electrification Concept of a Ferry","authors":"M. Kalajdžić, N. Momčilović, Luka Mijatović","doi":"10.56080/jms230503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56080/jms230503","url":null,"abstract":"International Maritime Organization (IMO) and regional authorities have been gradually introducing decarbonization policies and regulations. Shipping sector’s primary response remains the reduction of the cruising speed. Other solutions can include hull optimization, application of energy saving devices, alternative fuels. Alternative fuels are still under the development and could significantly reduce emissions, through the application of batteries, hydrogen, ammonia, etc. However, domestic voyages by ferries have not been exposed to the regulations’ scrutiny. Nevertheless, in the regions such as the Bay of Kotor (Montenegro), protected by UNESCO, maritime transport is expected to follow environmental policies. In order to encourage the decarbonization of such regions, this paper offers a preliminary concept solution of an electric ferry for the Bay of Kotor with reduced onboard emissions. The concept is based on available data on the most energy demanding ferry in Bay of Kotor that has operated for the past decade. The ferry follows the short route suitable for the application of electric drive. Analysis of an operational profile and the ferry concept design parameters are presented, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of electric ferry proposal.","PeriodicalId":236082,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Pomorskog fakulteta Kotor - Journal of Maritime Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130239442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the goals of customs authorities is to identify, at borders, cargos that do not match their declaration, contain illegal items, or pose a hazard to society. Customs X-ray inspection procedures enable the detection of suspicious cargos and are an excellent support tool for customs officials. The ISACC project, funded under the Interreg IPA Cross-border Cooperation Italy-Albania-Montenegro Programme aims at developing a web platform that integrates data, coming from heterogeneous technologies and systems, in order to provide a rich information base supporting customs authorities during antifraud controls. In this paper, we propose a preliminary study, based on the SIFT algorithm, for the automatic detection of visual changes between scanner X-Ray images, that are part of this information base.
{"title":"Automatic Detection of Visual Changes between X-Ray Images to Support Antifraud Customs Control at Ports - A Preliminary Study","authors":"Andrea Chezzi, Mattia Colucci, Radmila Gagić, Danilo Martino, Claudio Pascarelli, Adriana Pettinicchio","doi":"10.56080/jms230504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56080/jms230504","url":null,"abstract":"One of the goals of customs authorities is to identify, at borders, cargos that do not match their declaration, contain illegal items, or pose a hazard to society. Customs X-ray inspection procedures enable the detection of suspicious cargos and are an excellent support tool for customs officials. The ISACC project, funded under the Interreg IPA Cross-border Cooperation Italy-Albania-Montenegro Programme aims at developing a web platform that integrates data, coming from heterogeneous technologies and systems, in order to provide a rich information base supporting customs authorities during antifraud controls. In this paper, we propose a preliminary study, based on the SIFT algorithm, for the automatic detection of visual changes between scanner X-Ray images, that are part of this information base.","PeriodicalId":236082,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Pomorskog fakulteta Kotor - Journal of Maritime Sciences","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116678928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Libraries are repositories of knowledge, and they were created long before the creation of the book itself. First libraries were established long time ago in the Babylonian Empire and ancient Egypt. In the modern world dominated by Internet and modern technologies, libraries have lost their status as the “only” repository of information, even though they represent a cultural, educational and learning centre. In this paper readers will have the opportunity to become more familiar with the Maritime Library in Kotor. We will try to describe the need for having a university library in Kotor, a city with a long maritime tradition. Special attention will be paid to the formation and evaluation of the library fund, as well as library services that have been improved and modernized over time, all in order to respond to the modern demands of users. The Maritime Library, as a support to scientific research and educational process at the Faculty of Maritime Studies Kotor, Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, and Institute of Marine Biology, well equipped and offering a multidisciplinary library fund, fully corresponds to the requirements of a modern librarianship.
{"title":"The Importance of the Maritime Library Fund in the Scientific Research and Educational Process","authors":"Nataša Gobović, Ana Kerndl","doi":"10.56080/jms230501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56080/jms230501","url":null,"abstract":"Libraries are repositories of knowledge, and they were created long before the creation of the book itself. First libraries were established long time ago in the Babylonian Empire and ancient Egypt. In the modern world dominated by Internet and modern technologies, libraries have lost their status as the “only” repository of information, even though they represent a cultural, educational and learning centre. In this paper readers will have the opportunity to become more familiar with the Maritime Library in Kotor. We will try to describe the need for having a university library in Kotor, a city with a long maritime tradition. Special attention will be paid to the formation and evaluation of the library fund, as well as library services that have been improved and modernized over time, all in order to respond to the modern demands of users. The Maritime Library, as a support to scientific research and educational process at the Faculty of Maritime Studies Kotor, Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, and Institute of Marine Biology, well equipped and offering a multidisciplinary library fund, fully corresponds to the requirements of a modern librarianship.","PeriodicalId":236082,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Pomorskog fakulteta Kotor - Journal of Maritime Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117276153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sediment resuspension caused by the movement of propellers during manoeuvring is a major problem in daily port operations. Negative impacts include: Marine flora and fauna, sediment erosion that weakens berth structures, sediment deposits that require dredging. Later, this leads to delays in port operations. Several authors have proposed different methods to cope with this problem. This paper presents methods and tools to determine the critical propeller jet velocities, which are the most important parameter to determine the size of the bank stabilisation system. The tool is a bridge simulator that can be used to simulate the intrusive departure manoeuvre of a ship. The ship motion data are analysed to determine the critical shear stress of the sediment particles. The critical velocity induced by the propeller jet is determined using the German method.
{"title":"Minimisation of Propeller-Induced Sediment Resuspension with Rip-Rap System","authors":"Jure Srše, M. Perkovič, A. Grm","doi":"10.56080/jms230502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56080/jms230502","url":null,"abstract":"Sediment resuspension caused by the movement of propellers during manoeuvring is a major problem in daily port operations. Negative impacts include: Marine flora and fauna, sediment erosion that weakens berth structures, sediment deposits that require dredging. Later, this leads to delays in port operations. Several authors have proposed different methods to cope with this problem. This paper presents methods and tools to determine the critical propeller jet velocities, which are the most important parameter to determine the size of the bank stabilisation system. The tool is a bridge simulator that can be used to simulate the intrusive departure manoeuvre of a ship. The ship motion data are analysed to determine the critical shear stress of the sediment particles. The critical velocity induced by the propeller jet is determined using the German method.","PeriodicalId":236082,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Pomorskog fakulteta Kotor - Journal of Maritime Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134379105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mislav Maljković, Ivica Pavić, M. Perkovič, Toni Meštrović
The increasing demand for goods that can be transported by sea and the reduction in transportation costs have led to a trend toward larger ships. The increase in ship capacity leads to an increase in ship length and, thus, a decrease in transportation costs. The maneuverability of large ships in shallow water when calling at ports is becoming increasingly difficult. This is due to the discrepancy between increasing ship dimensions and unchanged waterway structures such as approach channels, harbors, and ports. The maneuverability of a vessel in shallow waters is different from the maneuverability in deep waters. The reasons for this are due to the shallow water effect. Shallow water affects the maneuverability of ships due to hydrodynamic forces caused by the current, shallower depth under the keel and proximity to the shore. It is a major challenge both for shipbuilders to design such vessels and for shipowners to have trained and well-educated officers who can navigate large vessels in shallow waters. This article presents the effects of shallow waters on large ship maneuvering and mathematical models that have been used to predict ship behavior under the influence of these forces.
{"title":"The Influence of Shallow Waters on the Maneuvering of Large Ships","authors":"Mislav Maljković, Ivica Pavić, M. Perkovič, Toni Meštrović","doi":"10.56080/jms230509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56080/jms230509","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for goods that can be transported by sea and the reduction in transportation costs have led to a trend toward larger ships. The increase in ship capacity leads to an increase in ship length and, thus, a decrease in transportation costs. The maneuverability of large ships in shallow water when calling at ports is becoming increasingly difficult. This is due to the discrepancy between increasing ship dimensions and unchanged waterway structures such as approach channels, harbors, and ports. The maneuverability of a vessel in shallow waters is different from the maneuverability in deep waters. The reasons for this are due to the shallow water effect. Shallow water affects the maneuverability of ships due to hydrodynamic forces caused by the current, shallower depth under the keel and proximity to the shore. It is a major challenge both for shipbuilders to design such vessels and for shipowners to have trained and well-educated officers who can navigate large vessels in shallow waters. This article presents the effects of shallow waters on large ship maneuvering and mathematical models that have been used to predict ship behavior under the influence of these forces.","PeriodicalId":236082,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Pomorskog fakulteta Kotor - Journal of Maritime Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121283723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Kovačević, Senka Šekularac-Ivošević, Tanja Poletan Jugović
The information-seeking process of nautical tourists is essential for their decision-making when choosing a specific destination. Modern destination marketing is constantly changing due to the development of new technologies that are meant to attract and retain nautical tourists. Nautical destination managers use modern communication to build and maintain a better image and develop destinations as brands which can function sustainably even in the times of crisis. This paper examines modern and traditional marketing sources of information about Montenegro and Croatia as nautical tourist destinations. It was revealed that the largest share of the informed tourists had previous experience with a destination or were informed through internet sources. The results confirmed that the internet is increasingly used by the surveyed tourists, i.e., there is an increase in promotion through digital marketing tools in both destinations. The comparison of the trends between 2012 and 2021 indicated three common sources of information in both destinations: previous experience, the internet and the recommendations of friends and relatives. The study is based on cross-tabulation analysis which detects the differences in the method of obtaining information by the tourists whose age, gender and education level varied. The practical implication of this paper is the development of destination marketing in the Eastern Adriatic region. More precisely, the study might help the creators of developmental policies and destination operators to choose appropriate marketing strategies in order to adequately position a destination in the market.
{"title":"The Impact of Marketing Information on the Decisions of Nautical Tourists Visiting Eastern Adriatic Regio","authors":"Z. Kovačević, Senka Šekularac-Ivošević, Tanja Poletan Jugović","doi":"10.56080/jms230505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56080/jms230505","url":null,"abstract":"The information-seeking process of nautical tourists is essential for their decision-making when choosing a specific destination. Modern destination marketing is constantly changing due to the development of new technologies that are meant to attract and retain nautical tourists. Nautical destination managers use modern communication to build and maintain a better image and develop destinations as brands which can function sustainably even in the times of crisis. This paper examines modern and traditional marketing sources of information about Montenegro and Croatia as nautical tourist destinations. It was revealed that the largest share of the informed tourists had previous experience with a destination or were informed through internet sources. The results confirmed that the internet is increasingly used by the surveyed tourists, i.e., there is an increase in promotion through digital marketing tools in both destinations. The comparison of the trends between 2012 and 2021 indicated three common sources of information in both destinations: previous experience, the internet and the recommendations of friends and relatives. The study is based on cross-tabulation analysis which detects the differences in the method of obtaining information by the tourists whose age, gender and education level varied. The practical implication of this paper is the development of destination marketing in the Eastern Adriatic region. More precisely, the study might help the creators of developmental policies and destination operators to choose appropriate marketing strategies in order to adequately position a destination in the market.","PeriodicalId":236082,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Pomorskog fakulteta Kotor - Journal of Maritime Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121894523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The efficiency of risk management is dependent on understanding the complexity, type and nature that the environment deals with. The Bay of Kotor stands as the most prominent natural resource of our country and, as being such, it requires a high level of protection. Sea vessels that visit the Bay of Kotor represent a potential hazard in terms of possible discharge of wastewater. With the increase in the traffic volume in the Bay of Kotor and Port of Kotor, the need for a stronger use of risk assessment tools in the effort to identify the possible source of pollution, has also arisen. The risk assessment model aimed at detecting wastewater pollution in the Bay area caused by seagoing vessels that visit the Boka Bay and Port of Kotor may be considered as a generally applicable method for identifying and assessing the risk of sea pollution by wastewater.
{"title":"Risk Assessment of Pollution by Wastewater from Vessels for the Port of Kotor","authors":"Pavić Bracanović, Žarko Koboević, Špiro Ivošević","doi":"10.56080/jms230507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56080/jms230507","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of risk management is dependent on understanding the complexity, type and nature that the environment deals with. The Bay of Kotor stands as the most prominent natural resource of our country and, as being such, it requires a high level of protection. Sea vessels that visit the Bay of Kotor represent a potential hazard in terms of possible discharge of wastewater. With the increase in the traffic volume in the Bay of Kotor and Port of Kotor, the need for a stronger use of risk assessment tools in the effort to identify the possible source of pollution, has also arisen. The risk assessment model aimed at detecting wastewater pollution in the Bay area caused by seagoing vessels that visit the Boka Bay and Port of Kotor may be considered as a generally applicable method for identifying and assessing the risk of sea pollution by wastewater.","PeriodicalId":236082,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Pomorskog fakulteta Kotor - Journal of Maritime Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121085184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Belt and road initiative delivers an idea for Global Energy Interconnection (GEI) as globally interconnected strong and smart grid based on Ultra-High Voltage (UHV). Global Energy Interconnection is an infrastructure platform that can be used for clean energy production, transition and consumption worldwide. GEI facilitate efforts to meet global power demand with clean and green alternatives as low carbon energy. GEI is promoting integration of energy, information and transportation networks, enlarging global power trade, ensuring universal electricity service. GEI optimizes resource allocation and utilization by converting various energy sources including coal, oil, hydro, wind and solar into electricity and transmitting over long distance. It can achieve mutual support and free trade of clean energy from different regions, and maximize energy efficiency and economy by taking advantages of time-zone, seasonal and price difference. Actually, Global Energy Interconnection is a system that consist of “Smart Grid”, “UHV Grid” and “Clean Energy”. Smart Grid integrates modern smart technologies with respect to advanced power transmission, smart control, new energy integration and new energy storage. UHV Grid is mainly composed of 1000 kV (and above) AC and +-800 kV (and above) DC transmission lines, featuring long transmission distance, large capacity, high efficiency, low line loss, less land use and high security. The shaping up of GEI can be divided into three phase: domestic, intra-continental and intercontinental interconnection. UHV Grid result is visible in already tested in practice transmission lines of DC and AC voltage. Over 20 UHV networks have been built in China. There is one network longer than 2000 km in Brazil, and two networks of UHV in India.
{"title":"Belt and Road Initiative with Global Energy Interconnection","authors":"Žarko Koboević, Zvonimir Šoša, Nikša Koboević","doi":"10.56080/jms221105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56080/jms221105","url":null,"abstract":"Belt and road initiative delivers an idea for Global Energy Interconnection (GEI) as globally interconnected strong and smart grid based on Ultra-High Voltage (UHV). Global Energy Interconnection is an infrastructure platform that can be used for clean energy production, transition and consumption worldwide. GEI facilitate efforts to meet global power demand with clean and green alternatives as low carbon energy. GEI is promoting integration of energy, information and transportation networks, enlarging global power trade, ensuring universal electricity service. GEI optimizes resource allocation and utilization by converting various energy sources including coal, oil, hydro, wind and solar into electricity and transmitting over long distance. It can achieve mutual support and free trade of clean energy from different regions, and maximize energy efficiency and economy by taking advantages of time-zone, seasonal and price difference. Actually, Global Energy Interconnection is a system that consist of “Smart Grid”, “UHV Grid” and “Clean Energy”. Smart Grid integrates modern smart technologies with respect to advanced power transmission, smart control, new energy integration and new energy storage. UHV Grid is mainly composed of 1000 kV (and above) AC and +-800 kV (and above) DC transmission lines, featuring long transmission distance, large capacity, high efficiency, low line loss, less land use and high security. The shaping up of GEI can be divided into three phase: domestic, intra-continental and intercontinental interconnection. UHV Grid result is visible in already tested in practice transmission lines of DC and AC voltage. Over 20 UHV networks have been built in China. There is one network longer than 2000 km in Brazil, and two networks of UHV in India.","PeriodicalId":236082,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Pomorskog fakulteta Kotor - Journal of Maritime Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122133805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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