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A Critical Approach to Student Agency Discourse: Focusing on ‘Burnout Society’ and the Concept of Governmentality 学生代理话语的批判途径:聚焦于“倦怠社会”和治理概念
Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.26894/kdge.2023.28.1.1
D. Ko, S. Cho
This study aims to critically analyze ‘student agency’ which is presented as a key competency in future education, through the lenses of Han’s ‘Burnout Society’ and Foucault’s governmentality. Student agency is an ability for students to act independently in and out of school. However, although discourses on student agency become crucial for future education, reflective or critical approach to the concept is scarcely found. If most researchers simply try to utilize the concept for future education without any critical reflection, pathological issues in education (e.g., student depression) would remain unsolved. Foucault’s concept of governmentality helps more comprehensive understanding along with Han’s argument. Governmentality is a systematic social mechanism that activates power by controlling minds of individuals. In neoliberalism, governmentality deceives individuals by making them to orientate themselves towards ‘freedom to be normal.’ With Foucault’s idea, Han’s concept of self-exploitation is interpreted as an exploitation by formless power structure. For this concept, it is remarkable that power gradually hides its appearance and blurs a boundary between a subject and the power structure. Student agency discourse, however, tends to be insufficient with the reflection of a relationship between learners and power structure focusing only on methodological aspects by highlighting student agency as a solution for future education. The issues which may be occurred by this are as follows. First, this may repeat the argument of pedagogy in the Enlightenment era by supporting students’ autonomy and rationality. Second, the uncertainty of future could belittle a discourse on the role and duty of education. Third, student agency can be misunderstood as a panacea for future education when it is interpreted as a competency in lifelong learning.
本研究旨在通过韩的“倦怠社会”和福柯的治理理论,批判性地分析“学生代理”作为未来教育的关键能力。学生代理是学生在校内外独立行动的一种能力。然而,尽管关于学生代理的论述对未来教育至关重要,但对这一概念的反思或批判性方法却很少发现。如果大多数研究者只是试图将这一概念用于未来的教育,而没有任何批判性的反思,那么教育中的病理问题(如学生抑郁)将得不到解决。福柯的治理观与韩的论述一起,有助于更全面的理解。治理是一种系统的社会机制,通过控制个人的思想来激活权力。在新自由主义中,治理通过使个人将自己定位于“正常的自由”来欺骗个人。在福柯的观点下,韩寒的自我剥削概念被解释为一种无形的权力结构的剥削。在这个概念中,权力逐渐隐藏了它的表象,模糊了主体与权力结构之间的界限,这是值得注意的。然而,学生代理话语往往不够充分,因为它反映了学习者与权力结构之间的关系,只注重方法方面,强调学生代理是未来教育的解决方案。由此可能产生的问题如下。首先,这可能会通过支持学生的自主性和理性来重复启蒙时代的教育学论点。其次,未来的不确定性可能会削弱对教育角色和责任的论述。第三,当学生代理被解释为终身学习的能力时,它可能被误解为未来教育的灵丹妙药。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on the Educational Experiences of Environmental Education Instructors 环境教育教师的教育经验研究
Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.26894/kdge.2023.28.1.47
Eunhae Cheong, Mi Hyang Kim
Environmental education aims to solve a variety of problems around all kinds of pending environmental issues. In South Korea, environmental education has developed in a dual system between school environmental education provided by environment teachers as part of the school's subject curriculums and social environmental education provided by environmental education instruction in the community outside the school. Today school environmental education has shrunk considerably while needs for environmental education in the community grow day by day. In this situation, environmental education instructors outside the school provide students with environmental education by visiting schools themselves as well as in the community outside the school, covering most of practical environmental education for students. In the area of education, there have been no full researches on environmental education outside the school and especially environmental education instructors providing the education. This study thus set out to investigate the educational experiences of environmental education instructors by selecting four environmental education instructors as research participants and conducting an in-depth interview with them in June~September, 2021. The findings show that environmental education instructors took various chances to begin providing education and there was a high degree of diversity in the content of education and the aspects of growth through educational experiences among the instructors. These findings once again demonstrated the value of diversity that environmental education should guarantee. The environmental education instructors all made many efforts to provide the right education on all sorts of discriminating environmental matters while pursuing diversity. A high level of spontaneity demonstrated by the instructors in the process became an important foothold for their self-growth. The uniqueness of individual environmental education instructors was reflected on environmental education in various ways, and their enriched educational experiences added further diversity to their unique educational capabilities. These findings raise a need for social and educational supports to help the content and methods of environmental education develop in a productive manner in harmony with the uniqueness of environmental education instructors. It is also needed to provide institutional supports for the management of environmental education to guarantee diversity and flexibility like today and, at the same time, ensure systematic long-term education.
环境教育的目标是围绕各种悬而未决的环境问题解决各种各样的问题。在韩国,环境教育的发展是一种双重体系,一种是由环境教师作为学校学科课程的一部分提供的学校环境教育,另一种是由校外社区环境教育教学提供的社会环境教育。今天,学校环境教育的规模已经大大缩小,而社会对环境教育的需求却日益增长。在这种情况下,校外环境教育教师通过走访学校本身和校外社区为学生提供环境教育,覆盖了学生的大部分实际环境教育。在教育领域,对学校之外的环境教育,特别是对提供教育的环境教育教师的研究还不够充分。本研究选取4名环境教育教师作为研究对象,于2021年6月~ 9月对他们进行了深度访谈,对环境教育教师的教育经历进行了调查。研究结果表明,环境教育教师利用各种机会开始提供教育,并且教师在教育内容和通过教育经历成长方面存在高度的多样性。这些发现再次证明了环境教育应保证的多样性的价值。环境教育教师在追求多样性的同时,对各种有区别的环境问题进行了正确的教育。教师在此过程中表现出的高度自发性成为他们自我成长的重要立足点。环境教育教师个体的独特性以多种方式体现在环境教育中,其丰富的教育经历为其独特的教育能力增添了进一步的多样性。这些发现提出了社会和教育支持的必要性,以帮助环境教育的内容和方法以富有成效的方式发展,与环境教育教师的独特性相协调。还需要为环境教育的管理提供体制支持,以保证像今天这样的多样性和灵活性,同时确保系统的长期教育。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the relationship between self-expression in social media and the concept of subjectification: social media as an apparatus and self-expression as practives of the self for the subjectifica 社交媒体中的自我表达与主体化概念的关系分析:作为工具的社交媒体和作为主体化自我实践的自我表达
Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.26894/kdge.2023.28.1.25
Ju-Hae Lee
This study aims to a theoretical analysis of the relationship between self-expression in social media and the concept of subjectification. For this purpose, the panoptical structure, which was invented by Bentham and reinterpreted by Foucault, is introduced briefly, and the panoptical structure of social media is analyzed in this study, based on the research of Jörissen(2011), Münte-Goussar(2008) and Wiedemann(2011), in which the concept of ‘inverted panopticon’ and ‘democratized panopticon’ was introduced. After that, the research trend of the concept of subjectification in German pedagogy is examined. Therefore, the research point of the concept of subjectification is discovering the process of a specific form of subjectification through the combination between specific social apparatus, norms, discourses, and specific practices of the self. On the basis of this discovery the research point, social media is understood as a social apparatus, which conducts the expression of dramatized or ideal self of each user. In addition, it is emphasized in this study that each user expresses only dramatized self intentionally as the practices of the self for the subjectification. Finally, the conclusion of this study is drawn that the subjectification for Birth of the Subject, who internalized the gaze of other people voluntarily, is constituted through the combination of social media as a social apparatus and expression of dramatized self of each user as the practices of the self.
本研究旨在对社交媒体中的自我表达与主体化概念之间的关系进行理论分析。为此,本文简要介绍边边姆发明并被福柯重新诠释的泛光学结构,并在Jörissen(2011)、m nte- goussar(2008)和Wiedemann(2011)的研究基础上,对社交媒体的泛光学结构进行分析,其中引入了“倒置的全景监狱”和“民主化的全景监狱”的概念。在此基础上,对德国教育学中主体性概念的研究趋势进行了考察。因此,主体化概念的研究重点是通过特定的社会机构、规范、话语和自我的特定实践之间的结合,发现特定形式的主体化过程。在此发现研究点的基础上,将社交媒体理解为一种社会机器,它引导着每个用户戏剧化的或理想的自我表达。此外,本研究强调,每个用户只是有意地表达戏剧化的自我,作为自我主体化的实践。最后,本研究得出的结论是,主体的诞生(Birth of the Subject)的主体化是通过社交媒体作为一种社会机器和每个用户戏剧化的自我表达作为自我的实践相结合而构成的,主体自愿将他人的凝视内化。
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引用次数: 0
Change and Growth of Daycare Center Director through Experience of Participation in Learning Community 参与学习型社区对日托中心主任的改变与成长
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.26894/kdge.2022.27.3.41
Eunchong Seo, Sunyoung Yoon
In this study, we qualitatively explored the changes and growth of daycare center directors through learning community participation experiences. The participants in the study were six directors of daycare centers in H city. The learning community was conducted from August 2021 to January 2022. As a result of this study, first, problem awareness and problem solving strategies have changed at the group level. The critical mind went through busy work and problems, teachers' problems, principles and practice problems, and problems with the daycare center's operating system to find problems within themselves. The awareness of the problem turned from the outside to the inside. The problem-solving strategies were 'Utilizing breaks from work', 'Overcoming the old me', 'Breaking the old frame and rebuilding from the basics', and 'Teaching centered on teachers'. Second, individual consciousness has changed. As a result of the analysis of individual consciousness, face-to-face, meeting/questioning, self-awareness, internal change, external change, internal/external change, and self-reflection were different for each individual. In addition, the research participants newly established 10 principles. This included the director's mental and physical management, emotional and business support for teachers, and systematic director's work management. In this study, more active practice and self-reflection emerged as the learning community proceeded in a way that discovered problems from the director's own experience and derived practical tasks. Therefore, substantial changes and growth occurred to the research participants. Therefore, the subject reflecting the individual circumstances and demands of the director, a learning community accompanied by practice and self-reflection must be introduced as a method of re-educating the director.
本研究透过学习社区参与经验,定性探讨日托中心主任的变化与成长。这项研究的参与者是H市日托中心的六位主任。学习社区于2021年8月至2022年1月进行。本研究的结果是,首先,问题意识和问题解决策略在群体层面发生了变化。批判性思维通过忙碌的工作和问题,老师的问题,原则和实践的问题,日托中心的运作系统的问题,找到自己的问题。对这个问题的认识从外部转向内部。解决问题的策略是“利用工作间隙”、“克服旧我”、“打破旧框架,从基础开始重建”和“以教师为中心”。第二,个人意识发生了变化。通过对个体意识的分析,面对面、会面/提问、自我意识、内部变化、外部变化、内部/外部变化、自我反思对每个个体来说都是不同的。此外,研究参与者新确立了10条原则。这包括主任的心理和身体管理,对教师的情感和业务支持,以及系统的主任工作管理。在本研究中,随着学习共同体从主任自身经验中发现问题并衍生出实践任务的方式进行,出现了更加积极的实践和自我反思。因此,研究参与者发生了实质性的变化和成长。因此,必须引入反映导演个人情况和需求的主体,一个伴随着实践和自我反思的学习共同体,作为对导演进行再教育的方法。
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引用次数: 0
A study on the support, exchange and cooperation of education during and after unification of Germany 德国统一前后教育支持、交流与合作研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.26894/kdge.2022.27.3.21
Sang Mu Kim
This study is to analyse the support, exchange and cooperation of education during and after unification of Germany and to extract implications for unification education in South Korea from it. The support and cooperation in education during the process of unification of Germany are summarized in four aspects: joint committee of education between East- and West Germany, educational cooperation between East-and West Berlin, cooperation of non-state organizations between East- and West Germany and recommendations and supports from the education of West Germany. After unification of Germany are analysed the support, exchange and cooperation of education. As the support of education were fulfilled financial, personal and material support from old federal states, educational support by international organization, and support by private foundations. There were also educational cooperations between East- and West Germany in various levels. Furthermore, there were various exchange of students, teachers, teacher organizations, schools between old and new federal states, and exchange of educational field as a part of city exchanges as well. We can extract following implications for unification education in South Korea from this study: the need for broad discussions on which level of unification teleological is in education, preparation of alternatives for overcoming the educatinal problems of South-and North Korea, recovery of the educational exchanges and cooperations between South-and North Korea in the level of province office of education, discussion on construction of joint committee of education between South-and North Korea, active investigation of educational support methods by international organization.
本研究旨在分析德国统一期间和统一后教育的支持、交流与合作,并从中提取对韩国统一教育的启示。德国统一过程中的教育支持与合作可以概括为四个方面:东西德教育联合委员会、东西柏林教育合作、东西德非国家组织合作、西德教育的建议与支持。分析了德国统一后教育的支持、交流与合作。随着对教育的支持得到实现,旧联邦州的财政、个人和物质支持,国际组织的教育支持,以及私人基金会的支持。东德和西德之间也有不同层次的教育合作。此外,新旧联邦州之间还有各种各样的学生、教师、教师组织、学校交流,以及作为城市交流一部分的教育领域交流。本研究对韩国统一教育的启示如下:△在教育领域应广泛讨论统一的目的是哪一个层次;△制定解决南北教育问题的方案;△在教育厅层面恢复南北教育交流与合作;△讨论南北教育共同委员会的建设问题;△国际组织积极研究教育支援方式。
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引用次数: 0
Analyses of the relationship between self-expression in social media and the concept of ‘Bildung’: with a focus on the term ‘Mediale Artikulation’ and ‘Strukturale Medienbildung’ 社交媒体中的自我表达与“培养”概念的关系分析:以“Mediale Artikulation”和“struckturale Medienbildung”为重点
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.26894/kdge.2022.27.3.73
Ju-Hae Lee
This study aims at understanding self-expression in social media in an educational context. For this purpose, the previous studies in German-speaking area are analyzed first, in which self-expression is considered as identity work or effort to establish social relationships in social media. On the basis of the study by Jung(2005) und Jörissen & Marotzki(2009), self-expression in social media is regarded as ‘Mediale Artikulation’. In this context, this study is focused on the reflective potential of each user with self-expression in social media. Following the term ‘Strukturale Medienbildung’ by Jörissen & Marotzki(2009), the potential of ‘Mediale Artikulation’ for orientation of own life, in the sense of the ‘Bildungsprozess’, is also addressed in this study. In the age of the crises of orientation, in which the individual should seek his own orientation of own life, this study could be instructive with the focus on reflective potential and educational potential of self-expression in social media.
本研究旨在了解教育背景下社交媒体中的自我表达。为此,本文首先分析德语区以往的研究,将自我表达视为在社交媒体上的身份工作或建立社会关系的努力。根据Jung(2005)、Jörissen和Marotzki(2009)的研究,社交媒体中的自我表达被认为是“Mediale Artikulation”。在此背景下,本研究主要关注每个用户在社交媒体中自我表达的反思潜力。继Jörissen和Marotzki(2009)提出的“struckturale Medienbildung”一词之后,本研究还探讨了“Mediale Artikulation”在“Bildungsprozess”意义上对自己生活取向的潜在影响。在取向危机的时代,个体需要寻找自己的生活取向,本研究关注社交媒体中自我表达的反思潜力和教育潜力,具有一定的指导意义。
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引用次数: 0
Community Awareness Education in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: The Third Neighbor 人工智能时代的社区意识教育:第三个邻居
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.26894/kdge.2022.27.3.97
Eunhae Cheong
We are living in the age of artificial intelligence(AI). In other words, our daily life is based on AI. At the same time, we are facing serious global warming issues, as known as the climate crisis. Against the backdrop, this study identified the necessity to explore educational tasks based on the global warming problems in the AI era. To this end, this study first explored the value of the times with regard to community awareness education under the theme of “Community Awareness Education in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: The Third Neighbor,” and explained that the emergence of AI is a product of coevolution of living things and minerals from a fundamental level. In other words, the history of evolution is the process of coevolution between living and non-living beings. Therefore, we need to go beyond various dichotomous worldviews; in this context, the existence of AI can be positioned as another neighbor, the third one in our lives. In addition, this study emphasized that, since we have entered the age of AI, humans should get out of the limited imagination of human intelligence. In this context, this study argued that it is necessary to discuss the direction for the development of AI as co-existing intelligence and suggested AI humanities based on this.
我们生活在人工智能(AI)时代。换句话说,我们的日常生活是基于人工智能的。与此同时,我们正面临着严重的全球变暖问题,即所谓的气候危机。在此背景下,该研究明确了在人工智能时代以全球变暖问题为基础探索教育任务的必要性。为此,本研究首先以“人工智能时代的社区意识教育:第三个邻居”为主题,探讨了社区意识教育的时代价值,并从根本上解释了人工智能的出现是生物与矿物共同进化的产物。换句话说,进化史就是生物与非生物共同进化的过程。因此,我们需要超越各种二分的世界观;在这种背景下,人工智能的存在可以被定位为另一个邻居,我们生活中的第三个邻居。此外,这项研究强调,既然我们已经进入了人工智能时代,人类就应该走出对人类智能的有限想象。在此背景下,本研究认为有必要讨论人工智能作为共存智能的发展方向,并以此为基础提出人工智能人文学科。
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引用次数: 0
The Possibility of Problematizing Parent Education in Contrast to Teacher Education: The Legacy of the Modern Civil Class and the Desire of Parents 与教师教育相比,父母教育问题化的可能性:现代公民阶级的遗产与父母的愿望
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.26894/kdge.2022.27.3.117
S. Cho, Juhwan Kim, Jong-Bae Park, Cho-Arm Yoon
This study examined the aspects of parent education, a category of adult education emerging as an extension of education, that can be problematized or thematized at a different level from teacher education. In the conventional conception of education that we know, parents are the same category as teachers, who are on the opposite side of the growing generation. Parent education sets the goal of educating parents with the goal of nurturing children. Although teacher education appears to be conceptually similar to parent education, the existential situations of parents and teachers as learners are different, which is a crucial point where parent education can be problematic. From the moment they have children, parents experience life as a different being from teachers. Parents who have children, are in a qualitatively different ontological position from teachers who take a ‘neutral’ stance on learners. In this study, the decisive basis for parent education to be problematic was found in the historical and social approach to the perspective and behavior of modern Western civic education. Then various perspectives on parent education were dealt with in that the goals of parent education and the desires of parents as learners were in a conflicting relationship with each other. To this end, a critical analysis was conducted focusing on the discourse on liberal arts education in the humanities, Freud and Lacan’s criticism of desire, and Deleuze’s analysis of desire.
本研究考察了父母教育的各个方面,这是作为教育的延伸而出现的成人教育的一个类别,可以在不同于教师教育的层面上进行问题化或主题化。在我们所知道的传统的教育观念中,父母和老师是一类人,他们处于成长一代的对立面。家长教育以培养孩子为目标,以教育家长为目标。虽然教师教育在概念上似乎与家长教育相似,但家长和教师作为学习者的存在情况是不同的,这是家长教育可能出现问题的关键所在。从他们有孩子的那一刻起,父母就以不同于教师的身份体验生活。有孩子的父母与对学习者持“中立”态度的教师在本体论上的立场在本质上是不同的。在本研究中,父母教育出现问题的决定性依据是对现代西方公民教育的视角和行为的历史和社会方法。然后论述了家长教育的各种观点,认为家长教育的目标和家长作为学习者的愿望是相互冲突的关系。为此,本文着重对人文学科的博雅教育论述、弗洛伊德和拉康对欲望的批判以及德勒兹对欲望的分析进行了批判性分析。
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引用次数: 0
Interventionsansatz zur Beendigung von Mobbing durch den No Blame Approach(I) 干预方式,通过《禁止侮辱》(I)制止欺凌
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.26894/kdge.2022.27.3.1
Maeng-Ha Kim
Mobbing ist eine spezifische Form der Gewalt. Der No Blame Approach ist ein Interventionsansatz für pädagogische Fachkräfte in der Schule. Er konzentriert sich einzig und allein auf die Lösung des Problems für das Opfer und agiert auf der persönlichen Ebene. Ziel des No Blame Approach ist es, die Mobbing-Situation in kurzer Zeit sowohl zu beenden, als auch das Auftreten weiterer Mobbingfälle zu verhindern. Der Ansatz braucht ein hohes Maß an Empathie, nicht nur bei der gesprächsführenden Person sondern auch bei der Unterstüzungsgruppe. Der Blick geht in die Zukunft, ohne die lästigen Details der Vergangenheit. Dadurch vermeidet man Rechtfertigungsdruck und Schuldzuweisung. Die Durchführung des No Blame Approach erfolgt in drei zeitlich aufeinander folgenden Schritten. Die Teilnahme an den Entwicklungsprozessen ist freiwillig und baut Druck ab. Dieser Ansatz vertraut auf die Ressourcen und Fähigkeiten der beteiligten Schüler, wirksame Lösungen herbeizuführen. Mobbing wird nicht geduldet und hat unverzüglich aufzuhören.
欺凌是一种特殊的暴力形式。“不丢人”是干预学校教育专业人员的方法他完全集中在解决受害者的问题上而且是在他自己的层面上教职委员会的目的是立即纠正哥哥受到骚扰的情况,同时防止他出现其他的骚扰事件。见解不同的是,首尾一贯、首尾一贯。一个遥远的未来可以带着过去那些烦人的细节这都可以避免律师制造压力以及指责别人奉命采取三步。参与发展是自愿的,有助于缓解压力。该方法依靠参与的学生掌握有效解决方案的资源和能力。没有人容许欺凌,必须立即停止。
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引用次数: 0
The meaning of teacher professionalism through Adorno's taboo of the teaching profession 通过阿多诺对教师职业的禁忌来解读教师专业主义的意义
Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.26894/kdge.2022.27.2.37
E. Cho, Yu ri Jung, Eun-Young Hong
The purpose of this study is to reveal the limits of teacher expertise by examining the specific historical and social conditions in which the teaching profession is located. To this end, the discussion of the taboos of Adorno's teaching profession is the center of the study. Adorno sees the image that makes it impossible for teachers to independently perform their jobs as taboos, and grasps the appearance of taboos in the teaching profession as a social condition and the causes of its formation from a historical and Freudian psychoanalytic perspective. The point to be emphasized here is that Adorno is the taboo of the teaching profession, that is, the deceptive social system that forces students to mediate civilization through education through consideration of the ambivalence of the teaching profession, and the tragic situation the teacher is in as a psychological and social agent, that is, the teaching profession. Therefore, the researchers first examine the history of the teaching profession in Germany and Europe in detail in order to reveal that the negative image of teachers has been historically formed. Next, based on Freud's libido, Oedipus complex, and superego concept, the process by which the taboo of the teaching profession was established as a social prejudice is considered psychoanalytically. Through this, the values, norms, and behaviors of society that teachers pass on to their students, that is, civilization, allow students to experience alienation. In the end, it is difficult for teachers to realize the content delivered through the act of teaching, which is one of their pure educational ideals and values. Therefore, this study aims to stimulate teachers' self-reflection by making them doubt their confidence in the teacher's professionalism.
本研究的目的是通过考察教师专业所处的特定历史和社会条件来揭示教师专业知识的局限性。为此,对阿多诺教学职业禁忌的探讨是本研究的中心。阿多诺将教师无法独立完成工作的形象视为禁忌,并从历史和弗洛伊德精神分析的角度,将教师职业中禁忌的出现视为一种社会状况及其形成的原因。这里要强调的一点是,阿多诺是教师职业的禁忌,即通过考虑教师职业的矛盾心理,以及教师作为心理和社会代理人,即教师职业所处的悲惨境地,迫使学生通过教育来调解文明的欺骗性社会制度。因此,研究人员首先详细考察了德国和欧洲教师职业的历史,以揭示教师的负面形象是在历史上形成的。接下来,基于弗洛伊德的性欲、俄狄浦斯情结和超我概念,从精神分析的角度来看,教学职业禁忌作为一种社会偏见被确立的过程。通过这种方式,教师传递给学生的社会价值观、规范和行为,即文明,让学生体验到异化。最后,教师很难通过教学行为来实现所传递的内容,这是他们纯粹的教育理想和价值观之一。因此,本研究旨在激发教师的自我反思,让他们对教师的专业素养产生怀疑。
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Koreanisch-Deutsche Gesellschaft Fuer Erziehungswissenschaft
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